Being in school or having a job could pass for "extraordinary circumstance"
"While aliens who were inspected and admitted or paroled may request adjustment of status, as a general matter the discretionary approval of such a request is extraordinary given Congress’s intent that aliens should depart once the purpose for which they sought parole or nonimmigrant admission from DHS has been accomplished."
From the above quote, I think emphasis is on "completion of a temporary stay". Being in school or actively in a job may pass as "extraordinary circumstance" as leaving the US for AOS would mean abandoning the job or school. However, having completed a temporary authorized stay as a student or tourist visitor or being jobless might not qualify as "extraordinary circumstances" to AOS as you potentially lose nothing in having to leave the US. All in all it is the discretion of the adjudicating officer to determine what passes as "extraordinary" not my assumptions from limited knowledge of what might hold as true. If you disagree with this post, state it, so we all can learn.
Re: a jobless person undergoing AOS could pass as "extraordinary" if a GC is required to be employed in a critical field etc.
NB: Your status does not determine whether you qualify for AOS. Your circumstance at the time of AOS application appears to determine if your situation is "extraordinary"