I'm a native French speaker who struggled to read novels in English — here's what finally worked (and what I ended up building because of it)
I know most posts here are about learning, not teaching — but I think the reverse perspective might be useful.
I spent two years picking up English novels and abandoning them around page 10-15. Not because the language was too hard, but because the reading experience kept breaking. Constant lookups. Lost flow. Started again. Same result.
What actually fixed it:
1. Re-read a book you already know. I did Harry Potter in English. Zero cognitive load on plot = all attention goes to language. This one change made me finish my first full novel in a foreign language.
2. Tolerate ambiguity on purpose. Only look up words that block understanding of the full sentence. Let the rest go. You will see them again — and the second encounter sticks better than a flashcard anyway.
3. Single-tap lookups or nothing. Any friction in the lookup process kills reading flow. Kindle dictionary is fine for vocabulary. For grammar and cultural context, it's basically useless — and that gap bothered me more than any single unknown word.
That last point is what led me to build a small tool that gives in-context grammar + cultural explanations on PDFs. Full transparency: I made it, this is indirect promo. Happy to give free credits to anyone learning French (or another language) who wants to test it on a novel and tell me what's wrong with it.
But the 3 points above genuinely matter more than any tool. Curious what others have found — especially for languages with very different grammatical structures from English. Does the "re-read a known book" trick hold up for Japanese, Arabic, etc.?