u/Even_Chipmunk_6360

Can the flow through an orifice cause backwater on itself even if the outlet pipe has sufficient capacity to convey the intended flow through the orifice?

Let’s say the outflow through the orifice causes the flow depth on the outlet side to rise above the centroid of the orifice, would that reduce the effective head? (Subtract from head on upstream side) Even though it’s not downstream conditions causing tailwater back onto orifice, but it’s just the flow depth on the outlet side caused by the orifice flow itself? Does that flow depth cause backwater?

Can the flow through an orifice cause backwater on itself even if the outlet pipe has sufficient capacity to convey the intended flow through the orifice?

Let’s say the outflow through the orifice causes the flow depth on the outlet side to rise above the centroid of the orifice, would that reduce the effective head? (Subtract from head on upstream side) Even though it’s not downstream conditions causing tailwater back onto orifice, but it’s just the flow depth on the outlet side caused by the orifice flow itself? Does that flow depth cause backwater?

Can the flow through an orifice cause backwater on itself even if the outlet pipe has sufficient capacity to convey the intended flow through the orifice?

Let’s say the outflow through the orifice causes the flow depth on the outlet side to rise above the centroid of the orifice, would that reduce the effective head? (Subtract from head on upstream side) Even though it’s not downstream conditions causing tailwater back onto orifice, but it’s just the flow depth on the outlet side caused by the orifice flow itself? Does that flow depth cause backwater?

When doing municipal road, After you set the centreline/profile and cross‑section, I’m assuming it’s not always possible to hit the exact existing grade at the property line, do you grade into private lands based on new grade at property line? Put walls? What other options?

Thanks