u/HelenEk7

TL;DR:

In France, almost everyone consumes foods containing live microbes - mainly yogurt, unpasteurized cheese, raw fruits and vegetables. Higher consumption was associated with higher socioeconomic status and better overall diet quality.

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Abstract

Consumption of foods containing live microbes has been associated with multiple health benefits. This study assessed exposure to live microbes in foods, including fermented foods, in the nationally representative INCA 3 dietary survey (2014-2015) in France. Foods in the French nutrient composition database (CIQUAL) were assigned to low, medium or high food groups of live microbe content. Dietary intakes came from the last French national dietary survey (INCA3 2014-2015). Participants were stratified by socio-demographic characteristics and by tertiles of medium/high food consumption. Diet quality measures were mean adequacy ratio (MAR, %), mean excess ratio (MER, %) and a score developed by the Programme National Nutrition Santé (sPNNS-GS2). Foods with Medium/High levels of live microbes were consumed by 97.7% of children and 98.4% of adults. Yogurt and cheese (unpasteurised) were the top sources of high food codes (99%). Vegetables and fruit (in particular, raw and unpeeled) were the top sources of medium food codes (75%). The leading fermented foods consumed in France were yogurt and cheese. Consumption of medium/high foods was 166.8 g/day for children and 215.9 g/day for adults. Medium/High foods accounted for < 4.5% of daily energy but provided > 10% of some key nutrients. Consumption of foods containing medium/high levels of live microbes was associated with higher socio-economic status and with higher quality diets. This was the first analysis of exposure to dietary live microbes in France by population strata.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42175945/

TL;DR:

Higher protein and fat consumption, lots of vegetables (>300 g/day), and good access to well-funded healthcare are associated with lower CVD mortality.

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ABSTRACT

Background: The aim of this ecological study was to identify the main nutritional factors related to the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Europe, based on a comparison of international statistics.

Design: The mean consumption of 62 food items from the FAOSTAT database (1993–2008) was compared with the actual statistics of five CVD indicators in 42 European countries. Several other exogenous factors (health expenditure, smoking, body mass index) and the historical stability of results were also examined.

Results: We found exceptionally strong relationships between some of the examined factors, the highest being a correlation between raised cholesterol in men and the combined consumption of animal fat and animal protein (r=0.92, p<0.001). The most significant dietary correlate of low CVD risk was high total fat and animal protein consumption. Additional statistical analyses further highlighted citrus fruits, high-fat dairy (cheese) and tree nuts. Among other non-dietary factors, health expenditure showed by far the highest correlation coefficients. The major correlate of high CVD risk was the proportion of energy from carbohydrates and alcohol, or from potato and cereal carbohydrates. Similar patterns were observed between food consumption and CVD statistics from the period 1980–2000, which shows that these relationships are stable over time. However, we found striking discrepancies in men's CVD statistics from 1980 and 1990, which can probably explain the origin of the ‘saturated fat hypothesis’ that influenced public health policies in the following decades.

Conclusion: Our results do not support the association between CVDs and saturated fat, which is still contained in official dietary guidelines. Instead, they agree with data accumulated from recent studies that link CVD risk with the high glycaemic index/load of carbohydrate-based diets. In the absence of any scientific evidence connecting saturated fat with CVDs, these findings show that current dietary recommendations regarding CVDs should be seriously reconsidered.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3402/fnr.v60.31694

Abstract

The ‘French Eating Model’ characterised by structured meals and conviviality has received little attention, although it has been suggested as a potential explanation of the French paradox. This study aims at assessing the adherence to this model in French adults and whether it is associated with weight status. Eating behaviour and, in particular, number of meals per day, snacking frequency, meal time, meal duration, number of courses, position (standing, sitting), presence of others and pleasure experienced was assessed in 2014, in 47 219 participants of the NutriNet-Santé study. A global score of adherence to the French Eating Model was computed on the basis of eating behaviour components. Prevalence of the model was assessed on a sample weighted according to Census data. Associations between adherence to the model (and its components) and overweight and obesity were assessed using logistic regression analyses adjusted for individual characteristics. Most individuals followed the French Eating Model: three meals a day, at set times, sitting at a table with other people and considering meals as a moment of pleasure. Individuals who exhibited higher adherence to the model were less likely to be overweight (OR=0·89; 95 % CI 0·87, 0·92 or obese (0·76; 95 % CI 0·74, 0·79). Similar trends were found for the following components: number of meals per day, snacking frequency, meal time, meal duration and pleasure experience, whereas an opposite trend was observed for the eating with others component. Although prospective studies are needed to conclude on a causal relationship, these results suggested the potential role of the French Eating Model, which is still prevailing in France, in obesity prevention.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-nutrition/article/adherence-to-the-french-eating-model-is-inversely-associated-with-overweight-and-obesity-results-from-a-large-sample-of-french-adults/EF269AB484E664A041347292820C6E59

TL;DR:

Zinc supplementation was observed to potentially reduce cold duration by 2.25 days

Abstract

The common cold had resulted in significant economic and social burden worldwide. The effect of vitamin C on preventing common cold in healthy adults has been investigated extensively, but not that of other micronutrients. Thus, we aim to assess the effects of providing micronutrients singly through oral means, on cold incidence, and/or management (in terms of cold duration and symptom severity) in healthy adults from systematically searched randomized controlled trials. From four electronic databases, 660 identified studies were screened and data were extracted from 20 studies (zinc, 10; vitamin D, 8; and vitamins A and E, 2). The quality of selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and certainty in the outcomes was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The review found that micronutrients supplementation, except vitamin C, may not prevent cold incidence or reduce symptom severity among healthy adults. However, zinc supplementation was observed to potentially reduce cold duration by 2.25 days (when zinc is provided singly, 95% CI: -3.39, -1.12). This suggests that zinc supplementation may reduce the overall burden due to common cold among healthy adults.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32342851/

Hi from Norway.

Here most shops sell salami containing horse meat. Unless the horse in question has been given medication that makes the meat inedible, most horses that has to be put down due to injury end up in the nearest slaughterhouse. And then most of the meat is used to produce certain types of salami. (On rare occasion it might also be possible to buy horse steaks).

Does your country sell any unusual types of meat in the shops?

I love that I live in a small country where the news of most criminal cases from other countries dont reach our news. Meaning I go into these stories completely blind.

What's your thoughts on 'A toxic love story'? I was completely in shock - several times throughout the documentary.

SUMMARY

Background & aims: Time-restricted eating (TRE), regardless of the eating window timing, promotes modest weight loss and improves cardiometabolic health. However, the sustained maintenance of these benefits over the long term is unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of TRE schedules—8-h windows in the early day, late day, and participant-selected times—on body weight loss maintenance compared to usual care (UC), 12 months after a 12-week intervention in adults with overweight or obesity.

Methods: This parallel-group, randomized controlled trial recruited 99 adults with overweight or obesity (50% women; age: 49.0 ± 6.5 years; body mass index: 32.0 ± 3.8 kg/m2). Participants were randomly assigned to: i) usual care (UC; n = 25), that maintained their habitual ≥12-h eating window, ii) early TRE (n = 25), 8-h eating window starting before 10:00, iii) late TRE (n = 27), 8-h eating window starting after 13:00, and iv) self-selected TRE (n = 22), participant chosen 8-h eating window. All groups received a Mediterranean diet education program. Body weight, fat mass, and fat-free mass were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks (i.e., end of intervention), and 12 months post-intervention, using a multi-frequency segmental bioelectrical impedance analyzer.

Results: 99 participants were randomized into UC (n = 25), early (n = 25), late (n = 27), and self-selected (n = 22). At the 12-month follow-up assessment, early (p = 0.01) and late TRE (p = 0.02) maintained significantly greater body weight loss compared with UC. Fat mass loss remained significantly lower in early TRE compared with UC (p = 0.04). The reduction of fat-free mass persisted in both early TRE (p = 0.051; tendency) and late TRE (p = 0.04) compared with UC. These differences with the UC were further reinforced after pooling the three TRE schedules. During the 12-month follow-up period, 26% of participants reported having engaged in TRE.

Conclusion: A 12-week TRE intervention may represent an effective long-term strategy for maintaining body weight loss up to 12 months in adults with overweight or obesity.

https://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(26)00133-0/fulltext

TL;DR:

Participants on a low-carbohydrate diet burned between 209 to 278 more calories a day than those on a high-carb diet.

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ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine the effects of diets varying in carbohydrate to fat ratio on total energy expenditure.

Design: Randomized trial.

Setting: Multicenter collaboration at US two sites, August 2014 to May 2017.

Participants: 164 adults aged 18-65 years with a body mass index of 25 or more.

Interventions: After 12% (within 2%) weight loss on a run-in diet, participants were randomly assigned to one of three test diets according to carbohydrate content (high, 60%, n=54; moderate, 40%, n=53; or low, 20%, n=57) for 20 weeks. Test diets were controlled for protein and were energy adjusted to maintain weight loss within 2 kg. To test for effect modification predicted by the carbohydrate-insulin model, the sample was divided into thirds of pre-weight loss insulin secretion (insulin concentration 30 minutes after oral glucose).

*Main: outcome measures The primary outcome was total energy expenditure, measured with doubly labeled water, by intention-to-treat analysis. Per protocol analysis included participants who maintained target weight loss, potentially providing a more precise effect estimate. Secondary outcomes were resting energy expenditure, measures of physical activity, and levels of the metabolic hormones leptin and ghrelin.

Results: Total energy expenditure differed by diet in the intention-to-treat analysis (n=162, P=0.002), with a linear trend of 52 kcal/d (95% confidence interval 23 to 82) for every 10% decrease in the contribution of carbohydrate to total energy intake (1 kcal=4.18 kJ=0.00418 MJ). Change in total energy expenditure was 91 kcal/d (95% confidence interval −29 to 210) greater in participants assigned to the moderate carbohydrate diet and 209 kcal/d (91 to 326) greater in those assigned to the low carbohydrate diet compared with the high carbohydrate diet. In the per protocol analysis (n=120, P<0.001), the respective differences were 131 kcal/d (−6 to 267) and 278 kcal/d (144 to 411). Among participants in the highest third of pre-weight loss insulin secretion, the difference between the low and high carbohydrate diet was 308 kcal/d in the intention-to-treat analysis and 478 kcal/d in the per protocol analysis (P<0.004). Ghrelin was significantly lower in participants assigned to the low carbohydrate diet compared with those assigned to the high carbohydrate diet (both analyses). Leptin was also significantly lower in participants assigned to the low carbohydrate diet (per protocol).

Conclusions: Consistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model, lowering dietary carbohydrate increased energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance. This metabolic effect may improve the success of obesity treatment, especially among those with high insulin secretion.

https://www.bmj.com/content/363/bmj.k4583

Conclusions: In adults with hyperlipidemia, daily egg consumption as part of a heart-healthy diet did not compromise cardio-metabolic health indicators.

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Abstract

Background: Despite dietary cholesterol not being considered a nutrient of concern, dietary guidelines still recommend that people with elevated LDL cholesterol limit their intake of egg yolks.

Objective: We examined the effects of the daily consumption of eggs in the context of the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet for 8 weeks on cardio-metabolic risk factors in adults with hyperlipidemia.

Methods: The study was a randomized, controlled, single-blind, crossover trial involving 45 adults (mean age 59.5 years; 35 females, 10 males; 42 Caucasian, two African American, one Asian) with hyperlipidemia. Participants were randomly allocated to one of the two possible sequence permutations of two treatments: the DASH diet with eggs (I) and the DASH without eggs (C). There was a 4-week run-in phase before treatments and an 8-week washout period between treatments. Participants received menus and guidance from the study dietitian on adhering to the DASH diet. They also received advice to exclude or include two whole eggs daily for 8 weeks in their DASH diet while displacing other foods based on instructions to maintain an isocaloric intake. Primary outcome measures were LDL cholesterol and endothelial function assessed as flow-mediated dilation. Secondary outcome measures included insulin sensitivity, other lipids, blood pressure, C-reactive protein, and dietary intake. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.

Results: Daily addition of eggs to the DASH (ΔI) compared with DASH without eggs (ΔC) did not negatively affect endothelial function (ΔI: 2.7 ± 10.8% versus ΔC: 3.7 ± 19.9% versus ΔI - ΔC = -1.1, p = 0.767) or LDL cholesterol (ΔI: 13.0 ± 23.5 mg/dL versus ΔC: 8.9 ± 19.6 mg/dL; ΔI - ΔC = 4.2, p = 0.317). The DASH diet with eggs compared with the DASH without eggs relatively increased the consumption of choline (ΔI: -29.6 ± 136.8 mg/d versus ΔC: -148.2 ± 146.3 mg/d; ΔI - ΔC = 118.6, p = 0.002) while the intake of carbohydrates decreased (ΔI: -26.4 ± 327.3 kcal/d versus ΔC: 147.7 ± 282.3 kcal/d; ΔI - ΔC = -174.1, p = 0.032). Compared with DASH diet without eggs, the addition of 2 eggs per day in the DASH did not impact other cardio-metabolic risk factors (blood pressure, other lipid profiles, CRP, and glycemic control).

Conclusions: In adults with hyperlipidemia, daily egg consumption as part of a heart-healthy diet did not compromise cardio-metabolic health indicators.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40957619/

Conclusions

The prevalence of plant-based diets remains relatively low. Individuals who adhered to plant-based diets were generally younger, female, single and had higher education levels and household incomes. Self-perceived general health and lifestyle factors, such as tobacco consumption, hazardous drinking and physical activity, were similar to those of individuals following omnivorous diets with similar socio-demographic profiles. These findings highlight the importance of prioritising healthy behaviours over specific dietary patterns when addressing patient concerns regarding dietary patterns and personal well-being.

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Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of plant-based patterns in the Spanish population and assess their potential impact on individuals with similar socio-demographic backgrounds.

Design: We estimated vegetarian and vegan individuals’ national and regional prevalence and analysed their socio-demographic characteristics and weekly dietary intake patterns. Individuals with a plant-based dietary pattern were matched to a control group (1:4) with similar socio-demographic characteristics. Associations with the prevalence risk of common chronic diseases, self-reported health status, lifestyle and healthcare use were analysed with unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models.

Setting: A population-based survey of individuals residing in Spain.

Participants: Data from 22 072 participants were examined.

Results: The prevalence of plant-based diets was 5·62‰ (95 % CI: 4·33, 7·28), and adherents were female (68·6 %), single (62·3 %) and university-educated 41·8 %) (P < 0·001). They reported higher rates of ‘never’ consuming snacks (50 % v. 35 %), fast food (58 % v. 36 %) and sweets (33 % v. 14 %). Lifestyle factors did not differ between the plant-based and omnivorous groups; however, adherence to plant-based diets was associated with a prevalence risk of depressive symptoms (OR 2·58, 95 % CI: 1·00, 6·65), stroke (OR 7·08, 95 % CI: 1·27, 39·46) and increased consultations for mental health and complementary medicine (OR 3·21, 95 % CI: 1·38, 7·43).

Conclusions: Plant-based diets are uncommon and are associated with specific socio-demographic profiles, particularly sex. When comparing individuals with similar socio-demographic characteristics, individuals with plant-based diets and omnivores had similar lifestyles. Addressing patient concerns regarding diet and personal well-being might prioritise healthy behaviours over specific dietary patterns.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12465083/

An escaped North Korean from the hostile class interviews a former North Korea diplomat in the UK. Comparing their two stories is quite interesting since they were brought up on the oposite ends of the class system. The former diplomat also went to Denmark and Sweden, and described how his worldview were completely shattered when being in the capital of Denmark realizing that he had been lied to all along. Its not North Korea that's the paradise - its rather Denmark that's the paradise! Clean streets with no homeless people, all children goes to public school, all citizens having access to public healthcare, and everyone being relatively wealthy. (Part of his job back in North Korea was taking representatives from humanitarian organisations to the North Korean countryside, so he was well aware of the level of poverty there.)

TL;DR:

All of the subjects who were taking antihypertensive medication at entry (6.3% of the total sample) successfully discontinued the use of medication.

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Abstract

Background: Hypertension-related diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrially developed societies. Although antihypertensive drugs are extensively used, dietary and lifestyle modifications also are effective in the treatment of patients with hypertension. One such lifestyle intervention is the use of medically supervised, water-only fasting as a safe and effective means of normalizing blood pressure and initiating health-promoting behavioral changes.

Methods: One hundred seventy-four consecutive hypertensive patients with blood pressure in excess of 140 mm Hg systolic, 90 mm Hg diastolic (140/90 mm Hg), or both were treated in an inpatient setting under medical supervision. The treatment program consisted of a short prefasting period (approximately 2 to 3 days on average) during which food consumption was limited to fruits and vegetables, followed by medically supervised water-only fasting (approximately 10 to 11 days on average) and a refeeding period (approximately 6 to 7 days on average) introducing a low-fat, low-sodium, vegan diet.

Results: Almost 90% of the subjects achieved blood pressure less than 140/90 mm Hg by the end of the treatment program. The average reduction in blood pressure was 37/13 mm Hg, with the greatest decrease being observed for subjects with the most severe hypertension. Patients with stage 3 hypertension (those with systolic blood pressure greater than 180 mg Hg, diastolic blood pressure greater than 110 mg Hg, or both) had an average reduction of 60/17 mm Hg at the conclusion of treatment. All of the subjects who were taking antihypertensive medication at entry (6.3% of the total sample) successfully discontinued the use of medication.

Conclusion: Medically supervised water-only fasting appears to be a safe and effective means of normalizing blood pressure and may assist in motivating health-promoting diet and lifestyle changes.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11416824/

What is already known on this topic

• The idea of drug-free remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D) gives hope to many and can be achieved in different ways.

• Sugary and starchy foods worsen blood glucose control so a low-carbohydrate diet is a logical first step.

What this study adds

• Advice and ongoing guidance on a low-carbohydrate diet in primary care can achieve improved diabetic control for 97% of those interested in the approach, sustained for an average of 33 months.

• Those patients who started with ‘younger’ diabetes and lower HbA1c were far more likely to achieve remission.

• Those in the non-remission, ‘mitigation’ group achieved unexpectedly greater, clinically important improvements in diabetic control with the diet

How this study might affect research, practice or policy

• Seventy-seven per cent of those adopting a low-carbohydrate approach in the first year of their T2D achieved remission. This represents an important ‘window of opportunity’ for further investigation.

• People with established long-term T2D, which may be poorly controlled could benefit from looking carefully at reducing sugar and starchy carbohydrates.

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Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is often regarded as a progressive, lifelong disease requiring an increasing number of drugs. Sustained remission of T2D is now well established, but is not yet routinely practised. Norwood surgery has used a low-carbohydrate programme aiming to achieve remission since 2013.

Methods: Advice on a lower carbohydrate diet and weight loss was offered routinely to people with T2D between 2013 and 2021, in a suburban practice with 9800 patients. Conventional ‘one-to-one’ GP consultations were used, supplemented by group consultations and personal phone calls as necessary. Those interested in participating were computer coded for ongoing audit to compare ‘baseline’ with ‘latest follow-up’ for relevant parameters.

Results The cohort who chose the low-carbohydrate approach (n=186) equalled 39% of the practice T2D register. After an average of 33 months median (IQR) weight fell from 97 (84–109) to 86 (76–99) kg, giving a mean (SD) weight loss of −10 (8.9)kg. Median (IQR) HbA1c fell from 63 (54–80) to 46 (42–53) mmol/mol. Remission of diabetes was achieved in 77% with T2D duration less than 1 year, falling to 20% for duration greater than 15 years. Overall, remission was achieved in 51% of the cohort. Mean LDL cholesterol decreased by 0.5 mmol/L, mean triglyceride by 0.9 mmol/L and mean systolic blood pressure by 12 mm Hg. There were major prescribing savings; average Norwood surgery spend was £4.94 per patient per year on drugs for diabetes compared with £11.30 for local practices. In the year ending January 2022, Norwood surgery spent £68 353 per year less than the area average.

Conclusions: A practical primary care-based method to achieve remission of T2D is described. A low-carbohydrate diet-based approach was able to achieve major weight loss with substantial health and financial benefit. It resulted in 20% of the entire practice T2D population achieving remission. It appears that T2D duration <1 year represents an important window of opportunity for achieving drug-free remission of diabetes. The approach can also give hope to those with poorly controlled T2D who may not achieve remission, this group had the greatest improvements in diabetic control as represented by HbA1c.

https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/6/1/46

Plain language summary

Anorexia nervosa is a serious mental health condition marked by food restriction and low body weight. Even after weight restoration, many individuals continue to struggle with intense fears about eating, dissatisfaction with their body, and ongoing worries about weight and shape. This study explored whether a special, fat-based diet could be a safe and effective treatment for adults with anorexia nervosa. Participants tolerated the diet well, with no evidence of worsening of symptoms. Instead, participants showed significant improvements in eating disorder symptoms, including reduced dietary restraint, less concern about food and body shape, and improved mood. By the end of the study, nearly three-quarters of participants had scores within the normal range for both eating disorder and depression symptoms. These findings suggest that a ketogenic diet may be a safe and promising approach to help reduce core symptoms of anorexia nervosa.

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Abstract

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by food restriction and significantly low body weight. Even after weight restoration, core symptoms such as body dissatisfaction, intense fear of eating, and preoccupation with body shape and weight often persist, contributing to a high risk of relapse.

Methods: This study evaluated the feasibility and safety of a weight-maintaining ketogenic dietary therapy administered over 14 weeks in adults with anorexia nervosa who were either mildly underweight or weight-restored. The study also examined whether ketogenic therapy could reduce eating disorder symptoms. Twenty-two individuals participated, and eighteen (82%) completed the trial.

Results: Repeated-measures MANCOVA (intent-to-treat; comorbidity and medication included in the model) reveals significant overall treatment effects (Wilk’s λ = 0.165, F = 2.383, p < 0.001), and symptom score decreases over time on the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) subscales Restraint, Eating Concern, Shape Concern, and Weight Concern, as well as for depression scores. At study completion, 72% of participants show EDE-Q and depression scores within the normal range. At three-month follow-up, 39% of completers continue ketogenic dietary therapy, of whom 28% show an increase in EDE-Q Global scores, while among those not maintaining ketogenic therapy, 64% present with an elevation in EDE-Q scores. Ketogenic dietary therapy does not precipitate worsening of symptoms or clinically significant weight loss.

Conclusions: The ketogenic dietary therapy is well-tolerated and demonstrates potential efficacy in reducing core symptoms of AN among adults who are mildly underweight or weight-restored. These findings support the further investigation of ketogenic dietary therapy as a potential intervention for this population.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-026-01644-0

TL;DR:

n = 1

Analysis revealed a total Agatston calcium score of 0 across all coronary artery territories. These findings indicate an absence of detectable coronary artery calcification

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Abstract

Adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with the general population. HbA1c is the primary modifiable risk factor for CVD in T1D. However, fewer than 1% of patients achieve euglycemia (<5.7% HbA1c). Ketogenic diets (KD; ≤50g carbohydrate/day) could improve glycemia and reduce CVD risk in T1D by reducing HbA1c and insulin load. One gold-standard cardiovascular assessment - coronary artery calcification - has not yet been reported among individuals with T1D undergoing a KD. In T1D, 30–70% of males between the ages of 30–39 years old have CAC >1, which rapidly progresses to 70–90% between the ages of 40–49 years old, with male sex and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) as predictors of CAC progression. Therefore, this case report aims to provide CAC scores from an individual who followed a KD for over 10 years for the first time. We collected this medical history information from the 33-year-old male case study participant with T1D following the KD for over 10 years without use of lipid-lowering medication. The participant achieved euglycemia with an HbA1c of 5.5%. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) imaging of the chest was performed, focusing on the coronary arteries. Scans were obtained using a 64-slice CT scanner equipped with coronary calcium quantification software. Analysis revealed a total Agatston calcium score of 0 across all coronary artery territories. These findings indicate an absence of detectable coronary artery calcification, suggesting the absence of atherosclerotic plaque formation despite concern about the long-term cardiovascular consequences of a KD.

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12742286/