u/Imaginary-Ebb-9924

what im trying to say is how magic was discovered is used by people and is being developed for purposes leading to new uses is maybe more interesting than the actual magic system and do the people studying magic have simplified understandings on how magic actually works like the case of classical physics. a tentative example would be avatar the last air bender that when kora is the avatar the bending styles are different and use different motions

i haven't personally seen anything that uses a lot of math/physics upfront except for very small things like amount of mana or gauging strength or it isn't explained. so is there any magic systems out there that do this treat magic more like a science

It's based on potions where there is a mana chrysalis either obtained through a potion or inherited in some way. 
Chrysalises deviate in many ways such as:

• more affinity towards certain types of spells 
• different amount of slots for spells, 
• restrictions on spells making them stronger, 
• volume of mana 
• regeneration of mana.

 

Normally increasing one off these means a decrease in some other 
Chrysalises grow overtime with how long you have it. with  age coming higher volume of mana and regen

Potions are the way to obtain spell generally you can only have 5 but this changes as the chrysalis grows and depending on your chrysalis

Unique spells: or absolute spells they come with a passive effect and an active effect but only  can exist at time. generally they are very powerful but they don't have to be. They  require a condition before you can unlock it and cast it; they cannot be upgraded or modified and are impossible to get rid off and are only able to be used after the previous caster has truely died.   
E.g 
Spell to stop time 
To unlock it after consuming potion you need to be in a suspended state released from worldly affairs for 100 days 
To activate it it requires 120 mana for comparison average starting chrysalis is around 80  as well as reciting the poem 
“Unceasing motion of the wind,
Rhythmic pattern of the sea,
The Change of the times
beat of the universe, 
Let your graceful dance be held in my hands
For maybe just this moment”
And the passive effect is enhanced reactions and thinking time. seeing the world slower   

Spells can be upgraded through consuming subsequent potions, improving the spells and getting rid of some restrictions or imposing more/different ones but also increasing mana cost. Levels can be skipped entirely and dont have to be in a sequence (you can drink the spell obtaining potion then drink 2+3 levels at once) levels can be obtained through the initial portion having alterations in brewing formula 
Spells can have different variants and paths to follow with some focussing on power and focused or a wide effect for example.
“Halt”
Halts an object for a few seconds completely stopping its movement limited in size requires you to be facing the object say halt and snap your fingers 
Costs 12 mana 

After a person with a chrysalis dies without special measures the chrysalis hatches in a couple days depending on size with smaller ones being faster and larger ones being longer. More powerful chrysalises result in more powerful creatures appearing out of the chrysalis. The creature’s powers depend on the spell the person had when they were alive and can have versions of spells. Chrysalis creatures cannot grow stronger normally but also don't need sustenance so they stay around forever unless killed. Chrysalis creature parts can be used in potions to obtain spells 

Magic: 
Magic on a basic definition is a wish granting energy that is expressed through will/knowledge 
2 things required Will Expression and Mana 
Mana powers all magic and is in two forms the external and internal. The state of external mana can be influenced and controlled to a certain extent by a creatures' will. The internal density of mana varies on region and the creature's body mass with larger creatures being able to store more mana. large mana density creatures and low mana density creatures can’t live in other areas with drastic changes they are specifically adapted for those environments 
Internal mana is produced by all living creatures and is stored within their body so a larger creature can store more man. At all times for creatures some level of internal magic is interacting with external and being dispersed go to MER section for more clarification 
External mana should not mix with internal reserves before being “refined” because it disrupts casting as you don't have as much control over it compared to internal this is especially so with oppositionary expressions as external mana is filled with natural will     

Will is what you want to do and it subtly attracts mana and can be synonymous with desire, with mana following it around this is why even babies can cast spells as it rather natural to use a energy source to project your will when it heads your call
can be imbued in objects it decays if you're dead. 
After mana is used to satisfy a will the will and mana are used up meaning you need more will and mana to do other things    
Humans are creatures of desire

Will expression is the expression of will on how the world works and the nature of magic itself is required on how to do things like how forces work so the more you know about a topic the more you can use magic to manipulate and make magic with that area decreasing the mana cost of doing such things the inverse being true as well if you don’t understand the will expression it vastly increases the mana cost do such things this is because of expression as when you have more knowledge you can express how do things more clearly leading it to be more effective and less mana intensive but at a minor cost of being less malleable. 
Fun fact mana is affected by gravity so planets/stars pull mana towards them this wont really be referred to in the novel much 

Intent: 
mana follows intent so without intent u can’t cast magic 
your intent interacts with spells casted so depending on emotions casting can be impacted, same reason as why you can *feel* emotions off someone as their mana is interacting with exterior mana with the MER being changed with emotions 

Practice: guiding mana and using it to follow a will expression requires practice and controlling it simply requires will and effort so exercises like moving objects are common to train ability 

Physical expression:
Stuff like words or actions that support your will expression empowering it making it easier to use for a lot of will expression this is pretty unusable as they have long will expression and don't really have physical ways of expressing apart from speech but that takes a long time they are mostly used in live casting indicating the flow of things or in case of ‘Like scissors, cut’  you can form a scissor shape with your hand indicating cutting 

Examples of will expression 
Example 1. will expressions hard to imagine- birds use their wings to fly with their wing shape creating changes in the air pressure (low above and high below) in the shape and flapping moving them forward and the wing shape moving them up. Understanding this we can shape our will more effectively so by changing changing the air pressure we can generate lift as things move forward (bernoulli principle)

Example 2. Explosions are rapid releases of energy in a violent manner that causes a disruptions of matter since mana is energy a violent burst of mana is an explosion so we can gather mana and release it violently expressing that we want it to interact with matter (expressing mana as a force this becomes easy just a force emitting from a single point in all directions) causing destruction.

Example 3. “Like scissors, cut” (cuts)
This is one of the simplest spells castable and does not require much practice and thought can also be like knife, cut 
A physical expression of this can be forming a scissor motion with hands 

Example 4 Like push, force (force like a push)  
So simple that babies can actually do it  
One can form a pushing motion to enhance it (physical expression)

Omni directional rotational movement configuration spell O.D.R.M.C.
A live spell that forms an invisible will model at the centre of mass of a person of  sphere and two circles. In the sphere is a will expression of vector forces applied to your body by interacting with these or making your own you can fly and move in an omnidirectional manner. The two circles model your rotation of your body by moving the circles. Normally while learning your form the sphere first then circles as rotation is generally considered unnecessary at least when applying it to your own body but not with other objects   
Technically with the rules i've made you can just say “die” and if you had enough mana someone would just die 

False understanding/oppositionary expression:  
since magic is based on understanding and expression if one has a expression that that counteracts the natural will of the world they believe in it  and attempt to use magic with it you can use this false understanding to perform magic although at a higher mana cost since you are going against the word and are expressing a falsehood 
 there are two types of false understanding:
Minor and major 
Minor- these are normally small inconsequential things that have small effect normally from a small misunderstanding/misinterpretation these increase mana cost but not by much minor OEs can of piled up and if used to interpret other magic to use your own can lead to a major OE normally can be corrected relatively easy due to minor nature 
The mana increase cost derived from a OE is exponential meaning small ones don’t increase it much but gets exponentially more the bigger it is 
Major- 
Major OE have massive effects and come from massive opposition to natural will  expressions this normally happens only when someone reaches the end of human understanding of magic and the world, taking a speculative interpretation, if one is mad or has a strong will or desires something strongly enough to risk it with them having massive drawbacks accompanied with high mana cost or enforcing a specific interpretation They have an extreme mana cost increase but can have a vast array of effects.
Ill advised due to mana cost with ones being able to accomplish major OEs being people from HMZ (large mana zone)

Refining:
Using the external mana in the surrounding converting it into internal mana by overriding the natural will with your own filling up reserves faster uses a similar principle to overriding domains using your will and mana to override an existing domain 

Brute forcing:
Using large amounts of mana to dictate of outcome even though will expression or control/efficiency is poor tend to be used by people in HMZ

Instant spells:
Spells that have a one time use and can be used with all casting methods except live

Continuous spells:
A continuous effect requires a constant will therefore more draining live casting is common in these spells  

Step by step casting/spells:
 Step by step so one thing happens then another this is mainly used in talismans but can be used in spells. developed in low mana regions where mana is low and need efficiency 
e.g 
Expel mana outside in a sphere shape to generate a mana cloud -> use this mana cloud to gather water -> heat water   

Delayed casting: 
By infusing a will expression that delays the casting/activation or creating the will expression before having mana through it delays the spell casting by increasing prep time, this is something usually what happens to beginning mages do accidentally as they envision their will expression and learn but they transition to instant casting later as it is faster although when learning new spells mapping out the will expression entirely is easier  

Instant casting: 
Basically you construct your will expression as your casting this causing errors frequently but reduces prep time of a spell making casting time faster  

Ranged casting:
Casting from a range not to be confused with ranged spells is achieved by sending mana with will to a space and casting so it's a derivative of delayed casting. normal casting is near the person normally around the skin but is normally moved around or uses external mana and their will do things at a lower efficiency for convenience 

Live casting:
Spells that use real time inputs and change according to them e.g  changing the direction of something like how Derek flies. normally is not used in talismans due to it being hard to implement. It comes easy as it can be simple as controlling strength of a spell  

Intuition casting:
Casting based on the body's intuition, like being alive, is mainly used by magical beasts; this is how they are able to get so big. Also, their body parts can have magical properties as they still have some will but they decay quickly with plants decaying slower due to their nature.   

Most spells are a mix of castings. Names of castings  are purely human invented to create differentiation for teaching and experimentation purposes in A LOT OF CASES THINGS ARE RATHER BLURRY. Same with complexity n stuff there's a lot of factors in casting a spell and calculating cost that is mostly done from practice and intuition rather than calculation however this differs in talismans.

Dominion/domain:
When you control all the mana in a space for others it feels suffocating as their will is interacting with an foreign object and they themselves are not familiar with 
This allows for remote casting casting from a position that isnt your own different from ranged casting as in ranged casting you are creating an spell that enacted later an a position through moving the will expression and mana rather while in the case of a dominion you are casting directly from their as that is where your mana is.
This is very will and mana extensive and isn't usually done on a large scale only really done on a small scale for control purposes but there are exceptions like the storm butterflies that have a dominion allowing them to summon wind in all directions this is why they are so dangerous as there  is no escape from them. In a domain you can feel things inside the domain as you have control over the mana allowing for closer examinations

Anti domain systems:
Generally it is hard to disperse a domain as they can move grow and change according to domain holder but the general principle to override a domain with a larger domain/surrounding  or get the domain holder to give up by moving them far away or attacking them outside the domain forcing them them to give up part so they can do something else with their concentration/mana 

Potion making:
Pretty niche thing as it has a high level of entry and requires a method of consuming potions. uses materials of harvested magic creatures called MMs (magic materials) using the leftover will in the part of creature enhancing them with your will (another method you need to know to get into it) and other creatures to produce a substance when ingested or applied to something it acts according to potion

-you need the method of consumption as wills of beings tend to repel and stay away from each other with some   
-wills decay pretty quickly around magic and not being sustained by an alive creatures talismans go around this imbuing will into an object and being inorganic simplifying steps and ignoring many things but potions are made of organic objects with the will of creatures that have less specificity using will and mana more quickly    

Complexity: 
the idea of the more complex something is the more mana it costs to maintain but this complexity accumulates if a trace is left 
 it exponentially ramps up the mana cost of something however this is only if it has a record of the changes to it 
What i should mention is that complexity builds slowly but surely its exponential but from the start its really isn't noticeable you have to cast the same spell like hundreds of times depending on the spell to impact and a lot of artificial complexity fades somewhat  although it does depend on spell 
There are types of complexity 
Natural:
This is just the complexity of the subject manipulated or the complexity the spell/will expression as the more complex the more mana required 
objects complexity depends on its form this means it will naturally fluctuate increasing or decreasing depending on form 
Natural increase of a creature’s complexity is due memory and the record of things that have passed that means that as one’s skills increase it become harder and harder to cast spells that affect you to a point 

Artificial: 
Complexity generated by using continuous spells on something this accumulates but will decrease if no record on the object gradually 
Memory counts as complexity this poses issues with living long lives as the complexity of a creature accumulates with it required more mana for forced living spells 

Forced living spells: 
A spell that forces you to live even if you are to die essentially just a spell that keeps you alive and you would to die without it  

Natural will: 
The world has a will that naturally resists intervention; this is why false understandings have a much higher mana cost. by expressing a truth and a way of using magic that closer aligns with it 
you can get a much lower mana cost this is why knowledge of the world and its laws (chem and physics) is important 
“Physical reality and human desire is what all magic is based upon” 

Bodily will:
Will of the body performing reactions, what potions are entirely based off using the bodily will of a magical beast effects combining with other bodily will
Like healing, digesting, poison resistance and being alive and staying young people with larger mana quantities live longer so people live longer in HMZ around a 100 and 90 in MMZ since complexity is exponential are increase of around 2.5-4 x only results in ten more years 

Adrenaline spell: ”adrenaline” “danger high”
Bodily Spell that is activated automatically with presence of adrenaline and danger, causes MER to plummet reaching negatives. taking in mana from surroundings causing casting to be disrupted but having increased power as more mana unless refined. causing an overload of body systems for short term power    
. Spells enhance all physical abilities causing one to think faster with increased reaction times and enhanced physical condition allowing to do things impossible otherwise. This has severe adverse effects after the effects wear off depending on the duration 
Short use(<1m)

• Blood nose
• Brain fog
• Fatigue
• Increased appetite

 Moderate use(>~1m)

• lightheadedness/nausea 
• Vomiting 
•  Small Disruption to casting
• Blurred vision
• Disruption to bodily will

  Extreme use (>~5m)

• Extreme fatigue 
• damage to muscles 
• Fainting 
• Mood swings and lack of emotional/motivation including sexual drive for weeks
• Week long disruptions to casting

(effect stack up so in case of extreme use you will get symptoms of short and moderate use but more extreme)
 the benefits of saving you life often trump the side effects
During use it can feel euphoric and like limitless power of invincibility   
Does add to complexity obviously

“Will to live”:
A bodily spell that directly maintains consciousness and being alive. It is able to be used by all living things. It can be considered the first forced living spell and the basis of what the definition is based upon. The spell is activated instinctively but usually when in a severely damaged state. 
There is a derivative spell that accomplishes a smaller effect of delaying sleep and exhaustion called “maintain consciousness” built upon the state of being consciousness as the default setting. Commonly used by humans to delay sleep accomplishing tasks like studying and projects it does add to complexity so the more you use it the less effect it has requiring more mana so it is generally advised not to use it. It doesn't actually get rid of negative effects of tiredness and fatigue, it just suppresses them so if used long enough you can crash after. 

Reinforcement:
Just prevents harm enhancing/bracing for impact

Temp regulation:
Regulating temperature naturally using mana/will 

talismans/artefacts:
-Require human effort to create so there is no natural ones 
-will expression embedded into a physical object that consumes mana to follow will called a will construct due to its artificial and locked nature
-passively absorbs mana unless imbued with special properties to allow it not to 
 -higher mana zones lead to a faster destruction/decay of will constructs as more mana but if there is no mana they will instantly collapse   
-material and skill of maker have influence on effect and decay of it
-destruction of the tool means a destruction of will construct unless preserved by someone at time of collapse or before. Process of restoring a talisman is called Refilling as you are refilling the will inside it but you have to know the design of talisman first or you destroy it 
IMPORTANT- talismans cannot create will expressions only modify existing ones and will decreases over time as it is used up  
Important relation 
the M=Rt, mana cost = the rate of mana consumption times time 
Step by diagram is common thing made by people before imbuing to make it easier and to spot mistakes and create improvements 

Example: stop watches and clocks
No one really knows where they come from but they are a easily creatable talisman that orderly decides time  using the notations minutes hours seconds and days 
Large scale talismans are not really used in HMZ due to the extra mana causing effects to be strong and short lasting requiring either specified strong talismans that either have a large consumption price or a small part of the talismans that does something redundancy like moving water around and around. Potions are rather more common instead due to the increase amount of magical creatures. 
Street lamps:
The standard design for street lamps is a talisman that has the will illumination converting mana into light directly but surrounded in a mana restrictive substance like gold or silver but having a pipe that is connected to a central switch/pump that someone turns on when it is night 
The light talismans looks something like  a small piece of metal in a rhombus or spherical shape its will/ step by step diagram is 
mana->light through energy conversion as they are both energy mana can be turned into light . The mana pump/switch is a device surrounded in poor mana conductive materials that is opened up with the device just moving mana through will.  
But in common households people just conjure light directly

Mana permeability: 
Air is a good conductor of mana 
While heavy metals really arent and due to the liquid nature of mercury they use it as a insulator in some things leading to it to be very valuable the permeability of mana is based upon the molar mass of the substance however will can override this by moving mana to wherever this so only mana left without directional instruction to bypass something including so this really only is important when designing talismans 

Mana zones; HMZ MMZ and LMZ:
High mana zones(HMZ):
Things born in HMZ have higher density of mana in their bodies meaning they cant go into low mana zones this makes the average creature rather large and have powerful magic effects as it can brute force things due to large amounts of mana. Beings that aren't suitable for HMZ feel an imploding pressure on their body feeling like the mana wants to come in some cases they implode from this 
-people have large reserves and regeneration of mana but can't travel to LMZ (or can but with great difficulty and right techniques)

Medium mana zone(MMZ):
The medium range- some creatures will have magical abilities depending on density and if they slowly migrated from HMZs or LMZs. creatures and humans from MMZs tend to have a large range of adaptation, being able to enter and leave HMZ and LMZ with only some difficulty this is what most migratory birds are. Where talisman crafts  originated from due to its medium range so they wont be used up quick or have a low effect 
-people have average reserves and regeneration but can travel pretty much anywhere with right techniques 

Low mana zone(LMZ):
Low mana must have creatures with hardly any mana, people and creatures tend to develop efficient ways of using mana with spells. This is where the step by step method originated from and where it is commonly used. Beings not suitable for LMZ have a suffocating feel when they enter these kinds of areas. “I feel like i'm being drained dry i give and give and yet i grow dryer” creatures can explode if they are from HMZ and they enter a LMZ
-people from here have low reserves but fast regeneration to make up so they can use up their reserve and quickly get it back without feeling suffocated they cant move into other zones without right techniques or they will implode  

Formation and destruction of mana zones:
The theory of mana movement and distribution from dr bumble states that mana moves towards will. All creatures have will so teh places with the most creatures and creatures that have the largest wills means that mana will moving their forming HMZ and LMZ in this movement however this movement is very small taking a long time to do anything this is projected to take place over thousands of years  
But by this theory it means that cities with large amounts of humans will form larger mana regions 
Mana Exchange Rate (MER):
Partition of amount of mana from humans exchanging with exterior mana increases with mana density but people born in LMZ have almost zero 
Measured in percentage
This is also way that people have a innate mana sense it's just your mana being diluted with external mana vice versa leading to you being able to sense the mana around your body due to your control over your own mana this is why more experienced mages also have better innate mana sense as they have better control over own mana    
Typical rate in HMZ is 6-8% in MMZ 1-3% and LMZ 0.05-0.1%  
Is someone is injured/sick or pregnant this drops and people can control it manually 
If it reaches negative you are actually taking in mana which isn't good for spellcasting 
The increase of MER can result in increased senses and a formation of a small domain which allows for a small amount of senses due to the differences of mana permeability and natural feedback.
MER and the exchange rate can act as a defence against large area/domain spells unless someone directly opposes it which is detectable as someone is opposing your will 

Techniques to alter mana state:
To live in a different mana zone is difficult so there are techniques to relinquish the pressure depending on where you come. In a broader sense the techniques involve changing your mana exchange rate, normally increasing it so much that your average levels are off the surroundings; this can feel tiring as you are forcing mana out, so breathing exercises help with this with breathing out mana with exhale. The increase of MER can result in increased senses and a formation of a small domain. 

Magical beasts: 
-Creatures that have special abilities utilizing their mana 
Storm butterfly: Actually closer to mosquitos. They are about 2-3 meters in height and 3-4 meters in lengtes. Lives in the giant flower forest as a caterpillar eating the petals of flowers 
Once a butterfly is has a mosquito like proboscis that has more tubes inside that slice up the insides off the victim while delivering a paralysing agent consuming the targets mana during process
-cannibalistic if forced, they will eat their young and fellow adults  
storm butterflies have a dominion allowing them to summon wind in all directions this is why they are so dangerous
Useful parts the digestion sack and stuff in it
Eggs and egg sack 
Eyeballs 
Wings and its scales  
Proboscis and inner proboscis 

Large honey flowers:  In the flower forest produce sweet liquid called mana honey which is dense in mana is what storm caterpillars/butterflies feed off.
The sweet liquid is called mana honey it is used in sweet and brewing and exported for money although cultivated crops of large honey flowers are not as good as natural ones for as in the crop there are fewer and they are not as old. It is a small sedative consumed in regular amounts (10g) its effects are barely noticeable however in brewing and consuming large amounts it becomes more noticeable. Some people have selected flowers that produce a stronger sedative or concentrate the sedative as a drug  

4 horned cows: Cows by highly aggressive if attacked and will produce a extremely loud sound upon threatened resonating with their horns others in the group will join in to fend off predators their horns are used in potions

  Weeping Fire flowers: They are an orange red flower that faces down when endangered or damaged this flower tilts up and emits an orange flame which causes other flowers in vicinity to do the same so if there is large field it causes a chain reaction causing a “sea of flame”
Used in illumination and ignition/flame potions in oil or petals

Endless water frogs frog: A giant frog that can grow to the size of a person  that is covered in countless holes and tadpoles with every tadpole having possibility to grow into a new frog the frog uses them as food storage and mana storage it possibly draws water to it then uses it to attack using the abundance of will that it has from countless creatures desiring water for more space.
Reproduces asexually
Slime: just a slime they only grow about to the size of a thigh. They are practically unkillable as they reproduce by any splitting and have a formless shape. This makes them good as general mana producers. They don't really have much will or move much; they are more similar to a plant than they are to an animal really. They actually have some ability to photosynthesise. They make good pets as they dont move as long as there are resources so all you have to do is give it some scraps and water regularly and you have a pet slime. They are good at breaking things down slowly with unnecessary stuff to the slime appearing excreted on the underside.
They will be turned into mana generators in the future. 
 
Blade grass: sharp grass that points up really weirdly growing in a tall straight manner

Exploding flower pods: similar to a dandelion with it having one central bod that houses its seeds and explodes when touched or interacted with  

Star dandelions:  

Star fireflies:

calendar and other world facts:
360 days a year 
30 days a month 
6 days a week 
Celebrations occur at 180 days and 360 days half year festival and new years  
2 moons:
Aligns every 270 days with two full moons the close moon orbits every 54 days and further away orbits 90 days  
So moons and end of year align every 3 years