
Effects of probiotic supplementation on disease progression in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-67044-5#Sec11
Consistent with serum creatinine changes, the probiotic group had a significant increase in eGFR compared to their respective baseline data, with a median increase of 4.85 mL/min/1.73 m2 (IQR: 2.86–7.78; p < 0.001; Table 2). In contrast, the data of the placebo group showed a median decline in eGFR of − 1.5 mL/min/1.73 m (IQR: − 6.26 to 0; p = 0.009) within the same follow-up interval. Furthermore, the difference in the eGFR changes between groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001).