

Caterpillar - Haram and Halal at the same time?
Lots of people ask me how a stock can be halal and haram at the same time.
Usually it means someone hasn't done the checks properly. And honestly, this is becoming a real issue with all these AI-powered halal screening tools popping up every other day. They give confident green ticks and red crosses, but the workings underneath aren't always solid.
Case in point. I was checking Caterpillar (CAT) on two of the most popular Shariah screening apps this week. Both apps claim to follow the same AAOIFI methodology. One says CAT is halal. The other says it isn't.
Decided to actually dig into the financials to figure out who's right.
Quick context for anyone new to this: under AAOIFI standards, a company fails the screen if more than 5% of its revenue comes from non-permissible sources, mainly interest income.
Here's what Caterpillar's 2025 annual report (the actual filing, not a screener's interpretation) shows:
Total revenue is $67.6 billion, financial products segment revenue: $4.22 billion. That's 6.2% of total revenue.
The Financial Products segment is basically Cat Financial, a wholly-owned subsidiary that lends money to dealers and customers to buy Caterpillar equipment. It's a bank with a tractor company attached. The revenue is interest on loans, lease income, and the spread in between.
6.2% is above the 5% threshold. By the screening framework's own rules, CAT should not be Shariah-compliant.
It seems to me most screening providers aren't sending analysts to read every annual report. They're pulling data from financial APIs, classifying revenue using industry codes, and running formulas at scale...