u/NisbaIslamicFinance

Image 1 — Caterpillar - Haram and Halal at the same time?
Image 2 — Caterpillar - Haram and Halal at the same time?

Caterpillar - Haram and Halal at the same time?

Lots of people ask me how a stock can be halal and haram at the same time.

Usually it means someone hasn't done the checks properly. And honestly, this is becoming a real issue with all these AI-powered halal screening tools popping up every other day. They give confident green ticks and red crosses, but the workings underneath aren't always solid.

Case in point. I was checking Caterpillar (CAT) on two of the most popular Shariah screening apps this week. Both apps claim to follow the same AAOIFI methodology. One says CAT is halal. The other says it isn't.

Decided to actually dig into the financials to figure out who's right.

Quick context for anyone new to this: under AAOIFI standards, a company fails the screen if more than 5% of its revenue comes from non-permissible sources, mainly interest income.

Here's what Caterpillar's 2025 annual report (the actual filing, not a screener's interpretation) shows:

Total revenue is $67.6 billion, financial products segment revenue: $4.22 billion. That's 6.2% of total revenue.

The Financial Products segment is basically Cat Financial, a wholly-owned subsidiary that lends money to dealers and customers to buy Caterpillar equipment. It's a bank with a tractor company attached. The revenue is interest on loans, lease income, and the spread in between.

6.2% is above the 5% threshold. By the screening framework's own rules, CAT should not be Shariah-compliant.

It seems to me most screening providers aren't sending analysts to read every annual report. They're pulling data from financial APIs, classifying revenue using industry codes, and running formulas at scale...

u/NisbaIslamicFinance — 1 day ago

Is Wahed the most expensive pension platform for muslims? Pension fees compared

Pension fees are the quietest, most expensive mistake most UK Muslims are making with their retirement savings. The good news: fixing it often takes about half an hour and usually costs nothing. This article breaks down what you're actually paying, who the cheapest halal pension providers in the UK are, and one hidden fee that almost nobody talks about.

Why halal pension fees matter so much

A 0.1% difference in fees doesn't sound like much. But over 35 years of compounding it can add £20,000 to your final pot. A full 1% gap? That's £200,000 or more on the same monthly contribution.

Your pension could one day be worth more than your house. A fee difference you wouldn't blink at on a £30 phone bill becomes life-changing when it runs every year on a six-figure pot. That's why this is worth thirty minutes of your time today.

The two fees you need to understand

When it comes to halal pensions, there are two main charges:

Platform fee. This is what the pension provider charges you for using their platform.

Fund fee. This is what the underlying Shariah compliant fund charges. For Islamic funds in the UK, these range from around 0.3% to just under 1%.

Add them together and you get your total fee. Sounds simple, except it rarely is. Some providers bundle the two together. Some hide one of them. Some only show you the breakdown once you're already a member of the scheme.

There can also be an annual management charge (a fixed pound amount that hits small pots disproportionately) and tiny transaction costs (typically around 0.02% per year, which you can safely ignore).

Your first step before doing anything else: log into your existing pension and find out what you're actually paying. You can't compare what you don't measure.

Workplace pension vs Halal SIPP

There are two main types of pension to know about:

Workplace pension. You're auto-enrolled, you contribute, you get tax relief, and crucially your employer also contributes. Never close this down if your employer is still paying in.

Self-Invested Personal Pension (SIPP). You open it yourself. You still get tax relief, but typically no employer contribution. SIPPs are generally cheaper than workplace pensions and give you more control over which Shariah compliant fund you invest in.

Most people can't simply swap their workplace pension for a SIPP because the employer contribution is tied to the workplace scheme. But you can often transfer out a large chunk of your workplace pension into a cheaper SIPP every year or two, while leaving the scheme open so contributions keep flowing. Old pensions from previous jobs are usually ideal transfer candidates.

A word of caution: some older pensions come with valuable guarantees or benefits. Always call your provider before transferring, or speak to a financial adviser.

The most expensive halal pension: Wahed SIPP

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Wahed is unique in being entirely Shariah compliant focused. You can't pick the wrong fund because they only offer halal options, which is genuinely valuable. But you pay for it. Their platform fee is around 1%, fund fees are slightly above market, and there's a £30 annual charge on top. All in, you're looking at around 1.5%, with the fixed £30 hitting small pots especially hard.

The mid-range: Aviva, Aegon, L&G, Standard Life, Scottish Widows

This is where most UK Muslims sit, often without realising it. These large providers typically charge 0.3% to 0.5% in platform fees, then layer on a fund fee that can range from 0.3% to 0.6% for what is essentially the same HSBC Global Islamic Equity Index Fund. All in, expect to pay 0.6% to just over 1%.

The frustrating part: fees vary by employer scheme, so two people with the same provider can pay completely different amounts. You have to check yours specifically.

Bundled-fee providers: PensionBee and Nest

PensionBee bundles their Shariah compliant fund at 0.95% all-in. Simple, but not cheap.

https://preview.redd.it/0e3tjjjp7a1h1.png?width=533&format=png&auto=webp&s=297b0754de1725e5c7ca39e7bf29c536182d25f2

Nest is more interesting. Their all-in fee is just 0.3%, which is very competitive. But they charge a 1.8% contribution fee on every payment in. If you're actively contributing, that drag adds up. If you're doing a one-off transfer and no further contributions, Nest could be one of the cheapest options available.

https://preview.redd.it/j4t2fs9q7a1h1.png?width=676&format=png&auto=webp&s=ab915dcdc0bac17f8d382f6439a2e3bb2fa90353

The cheapest halal pensions: free SIPP platforms

This is where the savings live. Platforms like InvestEngine, Trading 212, and Freetrade offer SIPPs with no platform charges at all. Combine that with a low-cost fund like the HSBC World Islamic ETF at 0.3% and your total pension fee can be just 0.3%.

For context: that's a third of what most workplace pensions charge for essentially the same investment. AJ Bell and Hargreaves Lansdown also offer SIPPs with Shariah compliant options at around 0.25% to 0.35% platform fees, bringing you in just under 0.6% all-in.

A special mention goes to The People's Pension, which offers fee rebates as your pot grows. At £50,000 invested the fee drops to 0.29%, and at higher balances it can go close to 0.2%, potentially making it the cheapest option for larger pots.

https://preview.redd.it/1a6qddnr7a1h1.png?width=473&format=png&auto=webp&s=6189d6c840365c644bd8acb17e360b346eeef1c7

Here's the one almost no one mentions. When a fund holds US stocks, it pays withholding tax on US dividends. You don't see this charge anywhere on your statement, but it quietly drags down returns.

The good news: pensions are exempt from this tax. The bad news: most Shariah compliant funds aren't structured to claim that exemption, so the fund pays it anyway on your behalf.

There is now a Shariah compliant fund structured specifically to eliminate this drag for pension investors: the HSBC Global Islamic Equity Index Fund in its Common Contractual Fund (CCF) version. It's not available in SIPPs but is offered by a small number of pension providers. Over decades, this saving can compound into a meaningful additional boost.

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u/NisbaIslamicFinance — 6 days ago

Franklin Templeton are launching a new ultra short sukuk fund

Salam,

we saw a recent doc showing a new Frankin ultra short sukuk fund being launched, you can see here: https://www.franklintempleton.ch/download/en-ch/key-information-document/86e43437-bce1-42c5-979e-252a022a6117/PRIIPSEU_LU3297715396_en_CH.pdf

Does anyone have details about which platforms it would be available on and when it would be released?

My thoughts, something like this could be of massive benefit to people who need an ultra low risk part of their portfolio, we shouldn't see big swings due to interest rates or credit spreads because all the sukuk are sub 1 year. The big thing will be if it's available in a currency hedged format for those outside the US (or a region where the currency is not pegged to the USD).

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u/NisbaIslamicFinance — 8 days ago

lots of people ask about which fund to pick, often they end up with overlap or spend too long worrying about, given how high some of the correlations are. Check out the table if it helps you but any suggestions to make it more beneficial or easy to read would be appreciated.

u/NisbaIslamicFinance — 19 days ago