
Why has environmental conservation never become a more prominent part of modern conservative politics?
One thing that seems kind of strange about the modern political divide on environmental issues is where a lot of the conservative electorate actually lives. Rural America is significantly more Republican than urban America, meaning a pretty large part of the conservative base lives around farmland, forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife, hunting, fishing, and generally much more undeveloped land than someone living in a major city. Many studies in the modern era have found rural voters increasingly align with the Republican Party.
Yet environmental protection has one of the largest partisan gaps of basically any major political issue. In Pew's 2024 polling, 63% of Democrats said protecting the environment should be a top priority for the federal government compared with only 23% of Republicans. On climate change specifically, it was 59% of Democrats compared with 12% of Republicans.
It seems like there should at least theoretically be room for a pretty strong conservative environmental movement based around things like preserving rural land, keeping lakes and rivers clean, protecting wildlife populations, maintaining hunting and fishing, and preventing pollution from ruining places people actually live around.
Instead, environmentalism has become overwhelmingly associated with the left, while conservative politics tends to emphasize property rights, less regulation, fossil fuel development, and opposition to a lot of environmental regulation.
Why did environmental conservation never really become a major part of conservative politics, especially considering how much of the Republican electorate lives in rural America?