u/Walk-Strange

I’m interested in understanding the neuroscience behind electrical injuries from an educational perspective.
In general, when a person experiences a brief external electrical exposure (for example, from a battery-powered livestock cattle prod), what neurological mechanisms are capable of producing permanent peripheral nerve injury, if any?
Specifically:
Which peripheral nerves would theoretically be most vulnerable?
What factors (current, duration, current path, tissue resistance, etc.) determine whether permanent nerve damage occurs?
Would objective neurological findings typically be expected if permanent nerve injury occurred?
What testing (EMG, nerve conduction studies, MRI, etc.) is typically used to evaluate suspected peripheral nerve injury from electrical exposure?
Are there any well-known reviews or published literature discussing this type of injury mechanism?
I’m not looking for medical advice or an opinion about any individual case—I’m interested in understanding the neurological principles and available research.

I’m researching how electricity from a battery-powered livestock cattle prod interacts with the human body.
I’m not asking whether anyone should use one on a person. I’m trying to understand the electrical principles involved.
Scenario:
Battery-powered livestock cattle prod.
Approximately 2 seconds of contact.
Abdomen/lower torso contact.
No prolonged exposure.
Questions:
How much current is typically delivered by livestock cattle prods?
Do these devices rely more on high voltage and very low current?
What determines the actual path the current takes through the body?
Would the current normally stay localized between the probes, or could it significantly affect deeper pelvic structures?
How important would the exact model of cattle prod be in evaluating what it could or could not do?
From an engineering perspective, what evidence would you need before concluding that a cattle prod caused a permanent neurological injury months later?
I’m hoping for technical explanations from engineers who understand electrical safety or pulse devices

I’m trying to understand Pennsylvania criminal procedure and whether what happened in this case raises issues that are typically addressed on direct appeal or through a PCRA.
The basic facts are:
Defendant was convicted of F1 aggravated assault after a bench trial.
The alleged injury was erectile dysfunction following a cattle prod incident.
Police filed charges, but the defendant says he was never interviewed before charges were filed.
He believes there were witnesses who were not fully investigated and that no engineering or medical experts were retained by the defense to challenge causation.
The device itself was apparently never recovered.
The conviction largely turned on whether the Commonwealth proved the required elements beyond a reasonable doubt.
My questions are:
Is it common for police not to interview the suspect before filing felony charges?
How much investigation is legally required before charges are filed?
If defense counsel failed to consult or retain experts in a case where medical causation was central, can that ever support an ineffective assistance claim under Pennsylvania’s PCRA?
How do Pennsylvania courts distinguish between simply disagreeing with trial strategy and constitutionally ineffective representation?
If a defendant believes important evidence or witnesses were overlooked, is PCRA generally the appropriate avenue to raise those issues?
Is there anything about these facts that stands out as procedurally unusual to attorneys who practice criminal law?
I’m not asking anyone to determine guilt or innocence. I’m trying to understand the legal standards and whether these are the types of issues appellate or PCRA courts actually consider

I’m trying to understand how this works from a legal standpoint.
In a Pennsylvania case, a person was convicted of first-degree aggravated assault after an incident involving a cattle prod. What I’m struggling to understand is the investigative process.
As I understand the case:
The complainant reported the incident after it occurred.
The defendant was not interviewed by police before charges were filed.
The defendant believes there were witnesses and other evidence that were not fully pursued.
The case ultimately went to a bench trial and resulted in an F1 conviction.
My questions are:
Is it legally sufficient for police to file charges primarily based on a complainant’s statement if they believe there is probable cause, even if they don’t interview the suspect first?
How thorough does a criminal investigation have to be before felony charges are filed?
If someone believes the investigation was incomplete or important evidence wasn’t presented at trial, is that something that can still be addressed after conviction, such as through an appeal or Pennsylvania PCRA?
Does this sequence of events sound unusual to attorneys or former prosecutors, or is it more common than people realize?
I’m trying to understand the legal process, not argue with anyone. I’m interested in hearing from people familiar with criminal law.

Question for ranchers and cattle handlers: Have you ever accidentally been shocked by a cattle prod yourself, or known someone who has? What happened? Did you have any injuries beyond immediate pain? I’m trying to understand real-world experiences from people who have actually used these devices

EDIT TO ADD: Thanks everyone for all the responses. I really appreciate everyone sharing their firsthand experiences. I have one follow-up question. Has anyone ever personally seen or heard of a livestock cattle prod causing erectile dysfunction or any long-term nerve or urological issue that was actually attributed to the shock? If so, was it confirmed by a doctor, and do you know where on the body the person was shocked or how long the contact lasted? I’m trying to understand whether that’s considered a recognized complication or if it would be extremely unusual

Question for ranchers and cattle handlers: Have you ever accidentally been shocked by a cattle prod yourself, or known someone who has? What happened? Did you have any injuries beyond immediate pain? I’m trying to understand real-world experiences from people who have actually used these devices

Question for ranchers and cattle handlers: Have you ever accidentally been shocked by a cattle prod yourself, or known someone who has? What happened? Did you have any injuries beyond immediate pain? I’m trying to understand real-world experiences from people who have actually used these devices

EDIT TO ADD: Thanks everyone for all the responses. I really appreciate everyone sharing their firsthand experiences. I have one follow-up question. Has anyone ever personally seen or heard of a livestock cattle prod causing erectile dysfunction or any long-term nerve or urological issue that was actually attributed to the shock? If so, was it confirmed by a doctor, and do you know where on the body the person was shocked or how long the contact lasted? I’m trying to understand whether that’s considered a recognized complication or if it would be extremely unusual