On May 23, 1861, the Augusta Grays at Camp Bolivar voted on Virginia's secession ordinance
Election fraud is an old problem. “Old enough to fight, not old enough to vote” is another one. The underaged men of the Augusta Greys, under pressure from the Captain, voted in favor of succession. This was… not without controversy.
The May 23 Virginia referendum was intended to ratify the secession ordinance passed by the Richmond convention in April. By then the federal armory had been burned, Confederate troops were pouring into the hills around town, and Camp Bolivar had become one of the staging grounds above the Ferry. Harpers Ferry had already been occupied by Virginia militia for more than a month.
On May 25th, William F. Brand wrote from “Camp Bolive” to Kate Armentrout and reported how the company tally had gone among the Augusta Grays:
>All of the Augusta Grays voted for secession but two & they did not vote fifteen or twenty of us was not old enough, but our Captain told us to vote if we could & every one of us voted
Brand added that one man who seemed ready to object to the under-age votes “got so bad scared that he went and voted for secession.”
The whole thing makes me wonder how much choice was involved in the voting. Soldiers certainly were pushed to treat secession as company loyalty, and military discipline was such that going against the Captain wasn't really going to fly? Desertion wasn't easy, not even after the war started turning so badly against the Confederate army that they barely had clothes. Military discipline and democracy don't strike me as natural bedfellows, tho I've never personally served.
Still, it probably didn't matter; the secession vote was pretty overwhelming: "In the city of Richmond the vote was 3,682 for secession and 3 against, and in Shenandoah County, in the Shenandoah Valley, where 13 men had voted for Abraham Lincoln in November 1860, only 5 voted against secession in May 1861. [...] The official totals certified by the governor were 125,950 for secession and 20,373 against."