Can we say that a specific non-Muslim person is definitely going to Hell?
I want to ask this because I had a pretty serious disagreement with someone about it, and I genuinely want to know the Islamic position. I'm not trying to argue that non-Muslims automatically go to Jannah.
I completely believe what the Qur'an says about disbelief. I believe rejecting Allah is a serious matter, and I'm not trying to change or reinterpret that.
My question is much more specific:
Do we have the right to look at a particular non-Muslim person and confidently say, “This person is going to Hell”?
For example, I know a divorced Muslim woman who has two children. She married a Hindu man. This man takes care of her and her children, provides for them, protects them, and treats the children as though they are his own.
I am NOT saying, “He's a good person, therefore he's going to Jannah.”
I'm also NOT saying, “All non-Muslims will be forgiven.”
I genuinely don't know what Allah will decide for him, and I don't want to claim knowledge of the unseen.
My thinking is:
Allah has already told us what He has told us about disbelief, and I fully accept that. Allah will never contradict His Qur'an or His own judgment.
But Allah is the ultimate Judge, and He knows things about every individual that I don't know — what they understood, what they were exposed to, what was in their heart, their circumstances, their intentions, etc.
Allah says:
«“We never punish until We have sent a messenger.” (17:15)»
And Allah repeatedly describes Himself as Most Merciful, Most Forgiving and Most Just.
So I feel uncomfortable saying with certainty about this particular man:
“He is a non-Muslim, therefore he WILL go to Hell.”
I would rather say:
“I know what Islam teaches about disbelief, but I don't know this person's final fate. Allah will judge him, and Allah knows best.”
Is that position actually wrong according to Qur'an and authentic hadith?
I'm NOT asking whether disbelief is wrong. I already accept that.
I'm specifically asking about whether we can confidently declare the final fate of a particular individual whose fate Allah and His Messenger ﷺ have not explicitly told us.
Please answer with Qur'an, authentic hadith, and classical scholarly opinions if possible. I genuinely want to know if I'm misunderstanding something.