
404 Media hid an AirTag in a shipment of rare books / it ended up at an Amazon AI training facility
A 404 Media investigation has traced a large shipment of rare and out-of-print books to an Amazon facility in Las Vegas that reportedly scans physical books for AI training data.
The investigation started after a bookseller received an unusually large order of roughly 1,000 books. With the seller's cooperation, 404 Media placed an AirTag inside one of the books and followed the shipment across the U.S. until it reached Amazon's LAS8 warehouse in Las Vegas.
Inside that warehouse is an operation known as VGT3. According to Amazon employees cited by 404 Media, workers receive large quantities of printed books, cut off their bindings so the pages can be scanned quickly, and destroy the physical copies in the process.
Amazon did not deny purchasing the books. In a statement to 404 Media, the company said it buys books through commercial channels to help develop and improve products and services used by customers. The company did not publicly detail which AI models or products are trained on the scanned material.
Why go after old physical books at all? They contain professionally edited human writing that may never have been digitized or indexed online, and older titles are guaranteed to predate the current flood of AI-generated text. That makes them unusually valuable as training material for large language models.
The legal question is complicated. A U.S. federal court previously ruled in the Anthropic case that training AI on lawfully purchased and digitized books can qualify as fair use, although separate copyright issues arose from pirated copies. The cultural question is different: some of the physical books being scanned may be rare or difficult to replace once their bindings are destroyed.
Sources & more: 404 Media / TechCrunch / Reuters – AI training and book copyright