r/SpanishEmpire

"This Mexican language [Nahuatl] is the common tongue spoken throughout the provinces of New Spain—even though there are many distinct languages ​​specific to each province, and even to parts of individual towns, for they are countless. Yet everywhere there are interpreters who understand and speak Mexican, for it is the language that circulates throughout the land, just as Latin does across the kingdoms of Europe."

– Jerónimo de Mendieta, Spanish Franciscan friar and historian (1525–1604)

Source(s):

.- Mendieta, Gerónimo (1997). Historia eclesiástica indiana, Vol. 2, p. 239, Book 4.

.- Wright Carr, David Charles (2007). "La Política Lingüística en la Nueva España" by Faculty of Philosophy and Letters of the University of Guanajuato.

To provide context and understand the nature of this document, it concerns the dowry that Prisca López de Tormaleo y Bárcena provided upon entering one of the two convents for women located in the city of Cuenca—in the Kingdom of Peru, part of the Catholic Monarchy (Spanish Empire)—during the early 19th century.

Although she was born in what is now the capital of Azuay Province in the Republic of Ecuador, Prisca specified her parents' origins in this document: regarding her father, Juan López de Tormaleo—who held the office of governor—she noted that he was from the village of Campelo in the province of El Bierzo, Kingdom of León, and the diocese of Astorga; regarding her mother, she indicated that she was from the city and diocese of Palencia in Old Castile; thus, both hailed from European Spain.

Therefore, if they originated there, Prisca originated from "American Spain"—a fact demonstrating that, to 19th-century minds, these territories functioned as part of a single, clearly defined territorial unit, despite being located at a cardinal point opposite the metropolis.

Source(s):

.- Second Notary Public Collection of the National History Archive of Ecuador.

I'm preparing for a possible school performance task and I plan to make a film about the Philippine Revolution 1896-1898 (set in a fictional battle).

I want to know what their tactics and command structure were. Same also for the revolutionaries if possible.

I'm looking to make a more historically accurate battle instead of just action movie shooting so any help will be great.

Although this film may or may not come true depending on my teacher, it would still be great to know how the army fought.

Dimensions: 85 x 262 centimeters.

Description:

A facsimile of an illuminated copy of the Padrón Real (Royal Chart), created on parchment by Juan Vespucci—nephew of the famous Amerigo, after whom the New World was named. The Padrón Real was an official, secret master map depicting the entire known world; it was a constantly updated record based on data brought back by pilots from their voyages of exploration during the 16th century. It was required to clearly display the lands and islands belonging to the Crown of Castile, particularly newly discovered coastlines. This map served as the standard model for all other nautical charts produced in Seville, with severe financial penalties imposed on anyone who deviated from it. Its creation and maintenance were managed in Seville by the Casa de la Contratación de Indias (House of Trade). Numerous official cartographers and pilots contributed to its development, including Amerigo Vespucci, Sebastian Cabot, Alonso de Santa Cruz, and Juan López de Velasco.

Prominent at the top of the map is the coat of arms of Charles V—Holy Roman Emperor—depicted as a double-headed eagle crowning the Americas. The following inscription appears at the bottom: «Juan Vespuchi piloto de sus ma[ges]ta[des] le fecit en Sevjlla [a]ño d[e] 1526» (Juan Vespuchi, pilot to Their Majesties, made this in Seville in the year 1526.) The planisphere features two 32-point wind roses, from which rhumb lines radiate across the map's surface. Inland details include the harvesting of Brazilwood, camels and elephants along the African coast, the Tower of Babel crumbling in the Near East, and the Red Sea depicted in a reddish hue. It also marks the latest Spanish discoveries, such as the Strait of Magellan (1520), the city of Mexico-Tenochtitlan (1521), and the coastal expedition from northern Florida to South Carolina organized by Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón in 1521—in whose honor Vespucci named these lands "Tierra nueva de Ayllón."

It is accompanied by a notarial certificate: This facsimile copy of the "Juan Vespucci Portolan Chart"—the original of which is held by the Hispanic Society of America in New York—is number 107 of the worldwide edition produced by the Plus Ultra publishing project, limited to nine hundred and twenty-one copies. Notary: Salvador Moratal Margarit; December 23, 1998.

Source(s):

.- Hispanic Society of America