
If the design is good enough, why change it?

If the design is good enough, why change it?
If I were Nero, I would quickly have several children with Claudia Octavia, and then hand over all state affairs to my mother Agrippina and my teacher Seneca, and then follow Tiberius and retire to an island or live in Greece, spending my days eating, drinking, and enjoying life. If you know you are incapable, why insist on forcibly governing politics? It would be better to simply go on a happy vacation instead. At that time, Rome was still very powerful and could fully afford to allow me to do so. At that time, People also believed that only a member of the Caesar family could become the emperor, which is why Claudius was able to become the emperor.
Some people might say that being an emperor is very difficult, but in the period when Nero lived, it was not actually that hard to be an emperor. It was precisely because of this that he had the leisure and opportunity to get involved in all kinds of chaotic and messy affairs.
Even Valentinian III, who ruled during a turbulent period, was able to remain emperor for thirty years because he was willing to let Flavius Aetius and his mother Galla Placidia manage the affairs of the state. When he no longer allowed others to govern the state on his behalf, he was finished within just two years.
It is important to recognize one’s own mediocrity and incompetence. Because of my position, I know I have no choice but to become emperor, but I also know I am not capable of it. If I know I am incompetent, then doing nothing would be the best choice.
The Roman temple of the Capitoline Triad in Brescia, Italy that was built in 73 AD by the Emperor Vespasian on top of an earlier Republican temple. This is a UNESCO world heritage site.
Infantry were cheap and easy to train and produce due to the impressive roman logistics chain while horses and riders were rare as they were expensive and italy wasn't horse country.
so how did Byzantium which is smaller and had less resources than rome afford to train, house, feed, and equip such large primarily horse armies
fat was one of the most important food sources, especially salted and preserved pork fat. It was eaten by spreading it on bread or by boiling it, and it provided the necessary calories. It was also ideal for quick nourishment on the battlefield or in enemy territory. Other common foods included bread made from grains and olive oil. Fat was essential.
Legions near the Mediterranean also consumed plenty of green lentils, but for someone stationed on the German frontier or in the middle of Gaul, such foods were a luxury.
The villa had been reconstructed with a small museum explaining the background. Like many limes-frontier villae in raetia it was destroyed during the attack in 233.
It seems the local museum was not interested or already hat too many. Do you think they are real? It seemed almost too good to be true.
Ave!
Can anyone give me spoiler free reviews for this series by Kate Quinn? For context, I’m a huge Masters of Rome (Colleen McCullough) fan and also like the SPQR series by John Maddox. I love the rich detail, historically accurate (mostly) details and immersion of these.
Thanks!
Ring 1
* Bronze with oval carnelian intaglio
* 1st–3rd century AD (approximately 1,700–2,000 years old)
* Stylized intaglio depicting a bird or insect motif
Ring 2
* Bronze with oval carnelian intaglio
* 1st–3rd century AD (approximately 1,700–2,000 years old)
* Carnelian intaglio depicting Serapis
Both rings were used as personal seals to stamp wax on documents and goods.
It’s incredible to think these everyday objects were worn by Romans nearly 2,000 years ago.
An interesting discussion on the Roman collapse.
A Roman carnelian gemstone with an engraving of Asclepius and Hygeia (male and female deities of health). There is an inscription that looks like it has the Greek letters HEIOΛ although the museum’s description didn’t mention it. This dates to 60-50 BC, was set into a modern gold ring and is on display in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, Austria.
Just curious
Two related counterfactuals I've been chewing on, and I'd love specific suggestions from people who've thought about this seriously.
Counterfactual A: What's the most plausible package of technologies or institutional changes that, if adopted by the Western Empire by roughly 400 CE, could have meaningfully extended its life past 476? Not "Rome conquers the New World" stuff — I'm interested in things that already existed somewhere in or near the Roman world by the 4th century, and that the empire could have adopted with the administrative materials it actually had.
Counterfactual B: Suppose Justinian's reconquest (533–554) had actually stuck. Italy is devastated by 554, the Lombards walk in by 568; the Vandalic recapture was clean but the Gothic War was a 20-year catastrophe. What would have had to be different — by 530, say — for the reconquest to result in a durable restored western administration rather than a wrecked peninsula?
Candidates I've already considered (probably the usual suspects):
On the WRE side:
On the Justinianic side:
What am I missing? Especially interested in institutional changes (administrative, fiscal, military-organizational) rather than miracle-tech ideas. And especially interested in things that would help Counterfactual B — the Justinianic angle is less rehashed than the 5th-century one and probably the more interesting question.