When and how did it become common to view work as a pathway to happiness and self-actualization?
The ancient Greeks thought work was a symptom of mankind's decline from the Golden Age, where the earth provided everything we needed with no effort. Judeo-Christian religion says work is God's punishnent for original sin. Shakespeare has Cleopatra talk of herself as "no more than e'en a woman that does the meanest chares." How did we get from those ideas, and societies where the nobility were idle, to modern concepts such as careers, job satisfaction, and work as a symbol of virtute and social status?