Algerians extreme religious conservatism comes from ignorance about Islam as a religion.
The average Algerian treats the hadith as God's word. The problem is that the major hadith collections were compiled roughly 200 to 250 years after Prophet Muhammad's death. Sahih Bukhari was completed around 846 to 850 CE (about 214 years after) and Sahih Muslim around 875 CE (about 243 years after) [Bukhari d. 870 CE / Muslim d. 875 CE, Britannica; compilation dates per standard hadith chronologies]. Both compilers were ethnically Persian, as were in fact all six compilers of the Sunni canon [Islamic Voice, "Six Compilers of Hadith"]. Nothing wrong with their ethnicity. The point is that this was a time before paper was mass-produced, so the vast majority of narrations had survived orally for two centuries, passed down through chains of people relying on memory.
On Aisha's age: there are reports that let you cross-check it. Her elder sister Asma bint Abi Bakr is reported to have been ten years older than her, and Asma is reported to have died in 73 AH at the age of 100. That places Asma's birth around 595 CE and Aisha's around 605 CE, which would make Aisha roughly 17 at the Hijra and about 18 to 19 at the consummation of the marriage in 2 AH [Yaqeen Institute, "The Age of Aisha (ra)"; AMJA Online fatwa; Islamicity, "Was Aisha 9 Years Old"]. Note that all these figures are in lunar years.
The "married at six, consummated at nine" claim traces back almost entirely to a single narrator, Hisham ibn Urwa. He was considered reliable while he lived in Medina, but he narrated this report after relocating to Iraq, at a time when scholars said his memory had declined [acknowledged even in the traditional defense, Yaqeen Institute, "The Age of Aisha (ra)"; see also the Asma cross-dating discussion there].
Most of the canon was compiled during the Abbasid period, an era when the caliphs (the literal authority) drank alcohol and kept harems, and when going against the rulers could get you exiled or killed. The Abbasids also gave Bukhari and Muslim a kind of seal of approval that made questioning them close to heresy [discussion in Jamal Ashley, "Reassessing Aisha's Age"]. That political context is worth keeping in mind when you see rulings like the prohibition on rebelling against a ruler even when he's corrupt, the tolerance of child marriage, and the tolerance of slavery, which sit uneasily with Quranic principles about maturity before marriage (commonly read from Quran 4:6) and consent.
Most people don't know any of this. They don't understand the history, and they don't realize the Shia and Sunni split is fundamentally a political dispute over who should be the caliph (successor) of the Prophet. The religion is meant to be a social good, not a tool for politicians to manipulate people and hold power through fear of hell.
Some hadiths are necessary, like how we pray, the number of rakats per prayer, the number of prayers, and so on. But once it gets to the political aspects, it's better to view them as rulings made in the Middle Ages by medieval people, based on what was considered correct in their time.