Assalamu alaikum,
I've been learning to read the Quran for over a year now and what my teacher and I do is go through it surah by surah. I know the technical names for some rules but there are some where I can tell you what it does, but not the linguistic term for it. But one of the concepts which I still struggle with is the stopping at the end of an ayah. It's hard to explain but for example if i was reading a verse like this: "ٱللَّهُ ٱلصَّمَدُ", then I'd know to pronounce it like "Allahu samad." The ma has fatha and the letter daal has dummah. So if it was in another part of the ayah (like the middle), it could be pronounced 'ma-da' if that makes sense.
But I'm wondering why you pronounce it like the verse I posted above in some ayahs but not all. Why do some surahs differ in the way in which they end (not letter wise, ik that different letters = different sound, but stopping wise)? I'm a revert whose native language is English, and although I'm doing better at reading now Alhamdulillah, that question still trips me up. Like knowing when to pronounce the letters at the end fully verses joining/merging them. If anyone is able to offer a clear explanation, I'd appreciate that. JazakumAllah khairan and thank you