H1b is the US equivalent of a work visa.
Similarly to Canada, it goes through an employer driven wage determination stage, follower by an employer petition to hire a (any) foreign worker. The petitioner is the employer (and employees are not directly involved).
US immigration does not consider refused petitions as refused visas, given that the employee never made it to the stage of requesting a visa in the first place. The employer didnt meet the eligibility to hire any foreign worker for X reasons.
This does sound like a rejected LMIA on the Canadian side. But does it equate to a refused visa/permit?