
Documents from The Xerox Project in 1980s Communist Hungary. Copier machines were illegally purchased and distributed to powered an underground press movement and helped bring down the Berlin Wall.
In the 1980s, the Soviet bloc kept a tight grip on information. In Hungary, typewriters were monitored, and photocopy machines were treated like dangerous weapons: strictly regulated, heavily registered, and locked away to prevent the spread of anti-regime propaganda (*samizdat*).
Enter George Soros (yep- that Soros).
Recognizing that the ultimate weakness of an authoritarian regime is the free flow of information, Soros teamed up with the Hungarian Academy of Sciences to set up a cultural fund. Through a clever loophole, he began flooding Hungarian universities, libraries, and underground groups with over 400 photocopier machines (and the endless paper and toner needed to run them).
Local officials couldn't easily ban them because they were technically "donated for academic use," but the underground resistance quickly weaponized them. These machines ran day and night, churning out illegal political essays, banned literature, and news of Western democracies. It effectively broke the state's monopoly on information, supercharged the underground press movement, and laid the intellectual groundwork that helped dismantle the Iron Curtain.