
Deadly complications during VLCDs
I'm certain that we are all aware of the precautions in order to prevent possible physiological damages during very-low-calorie diets, like supplementing minerals (electrolytes), micro-nutrients and sufficient protein (if protein-sparing fast). Especially electrolyte-disorders through hypokalemia can cause fatal arrhythmia in combination with cardiac stress & extreme hypophagia. But I'm currently reading some papers discussing sudden death amongst obese dieters on VLCDs and these cases have never been fully clarified. Some of the deceased were monitored more or less actively, but changes in ECG were just ignored; some used unfortunate formulas with incomplete protein; majority of them was female; not every death was linked to the diet itself afterwards - there hasn't been a full explanation ever since, besides making changes to the diet, to make modern approaches/formulas/protocols safer. The only truth seemed to be that medical supervision is crucial.
What is your opinion on that matter? Many, especially in this forum, seem to undergo this procedure on their own without assistance & I couldn't find any recently recorded deaths despite the huge popularity of VLCDs.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6372663/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7223697/
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.CIR.60.6.1401
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7275462/
https://www.nytimes.com/1977/12/28/archives/data-suggest-tie-between-15-deaths-and-liquid-diet.html