u/Mammoth-Ad-6114

This is a special post, because a lot of time went into this. This is my transliteration (and at times translation) of the names from manuscripts mentioned in "Saint Sisinnios, the Archangel Michael and the Female Demon Gylou, the Typology of the Greek Literary Stories - Richard P. H. Greenfield" and "Revisiting the 'exorcism of Gello', a new text from a Vatican manuscript, with a typological analysis of the known variants - Tommaso Braccini" (sources mentioned only in the second article will have a + in front of their title).

They feature names from 51 manuscripts (and 6 versions of the Testament of Solomon), some of which were already translated (AL1, AL2, BR5, SA1, ZEL), so I will include those translations instead of mine whenever possible (title will be bold). Some name lists are inaccessible to me, so I will only mention the title of the relevant article/book (hopefully I'll access them in the future).

Keep in mind that the translation will not be perfect, as I'm not a scholar but a student early on in my studies, and happen to be a native Greek speaker, taking classes on ancient Greek. Titles marked with ❌ have no name lists given by the spirit.

• [27] Names of Gello: AI, AL1, AL2, BR1, BR2, BR3 (Anabardalea/Gyllou), BR5, DE1 (Baskosyne/Straggalia/Gilou), DE2 (Gillou among others), DE3 (not addressed at the start separately), DE4 (adressed at the end), GR, HE1, HE2 (Giallou, Abyzou), HE4 (Gello/Anabardalea, strigla), HE5, OI1/OI2, PR2, SA1, SA2, SBK1, SBK2, SBK3A (mikranon/Gilou), SBK4, SP1, SP2, ZEL
• [6] Names of Abyzou: BR4, HE6, IR, PR1, SA3, SBK3B
• [3] Names of Aura: DM, JA/SO
• [7] Others: HE3 (Diabolotribolousa), LE (Paxarea), OI3 (Strigla), RE (Baschanosyne/Straggalia/Geloun), RO (address not mentioned by the author), VA1 (demons), VA2 (Dalida)
• [8] Unknown to me: GI, KO1, KO2, KO3, OT, PV1, PV2, SZE

---

+AI - G.N. Aikaterinidou, Η Γελλώ στην δημώδη παραδόση της Κρήτης

Γελοῦ	Gelou
1. γελοῦ	gelou
2. ἀμορφοῦ	amorphou
3. ἀβυζοῦ	abyzou
4. μιαρά	miara
5. βρεφοπνιγούσα	brephopnigousa
6. αἱματοπίνουσα	haimatopinousa
7. παραφουκράστρα	paraphoukrastra
8. μανταρέα	mantarea
9. ψευδομένη	pseudomene
10. καρτιφαγοῦ	kartiphagou
11. ἄρκτου καὶ μεσημβρία	arktou and mesembria (of the North and the South)
12. μαρμάλου	marmalou
1/2 τὸ ἥμισυ πετομένη	petomene

---

AL1 - L, Allatius, De Graecorum hodie quorundam opinationibus, Coloniac Agrippinae 1645, translated in "Two Thousand Years of a Charm against the Child-stealing Witch - M. Gaster Ph.D.", seems to be the same as 'On the Beliefs of the Greeks', the latter of which also provides the meaning of some names.

Γυλλοῦ	(Gyllou)
1. Γυλλοῦ	Gylo
2. Μωῤῥᾷ	Morrha
3. Βυζοῦ	Byza/Byzo (Abyzou from abyss)
4. Μαρμαροῦ	Marmaro
5. Πετασία	Betasia/Petasia (she who strikes)
6. Πεταγια	Belagia/Pelagia (of the sea)
7. Βορδόνα	Bordona
8. Απλετοῦ	Apleto (boundless or limitless)
9. χαμοδράκαινα	Chomodracaena
10. Αναβαρδαλαία	Anabardalea
11. Ψυχρανωσπάστρια	Psychoanaspastria
12. Παιδοπνίκτρια	Paedopnictria (child suffocator)
1/2 Στρίγλα	1/2 Strigla

❌AL2 - L, Allatius, De Graecorum hodie quorundam opinationibus, Coloniac Agrippinae 1645, translated in "Two Thousand Years of a Charm against the Child-stealing Witch - M. Gaster Ph.D." and "'On the Beliefs of the Greeks', Leo Allatios and Popular Orthodoxy - Karen Hartnup", omits names of Gello.

Γελοῦ	Geloo/gelu

---

+BR1 Braccini, Nuove attestazioni (ms. Città del Vaticano, BAV, Vat. gr. 1538, end of the 15th century).

Γελλοῦ	Gellou
1. Γηλλοῦ	Gellou
2. Μοθρούς	Mothrous
3. ᾿Αβιζούς	Abizous
4. Μαραματώτους	Maramatotous
5. Μαρμανίλλα	Marmanilla
6. Σελυνινούς	Selyninous
7. ᾿Αριανή	Ariane
8. Σαλασαλεύτου	Salasaleutou
9. ᾿Εγυπτιανή	Egyptiane (Egyptian)
10. ῾Ασβλητούς	Hasbletous
11. Αἱμαβίβου	Haimabibou
12. Κταρκαρίσχου	Ktarkarischou

+BR2 Braccini, Nuove attestazioni (ms. Città del Vaticano, BAV, Ottobonianus gr. 290, 15-16th century)

Γυλοῦν	Gyloun
1. Γυλοῦν	Gyloun
2. Μορφοῦ	Morphou
3. ᾿Αβηζοῦ	Abezou
4. ᾿Αποντέκνουσα	Aponteknousa (who lost her children)
5. Ἐλῆνα	Elena
6. Στρακουλληστρία	Strakoullestria
7. Βλάπτουσαν	Blaptousan (she who injures)
8. Βαρᾶ	Bara
9. Ἐγυπτιανῆ	Egyptiane (Egyptian)
10. ᾿Αβλχυσεῶς	Ablchyseos
11. Χαρχανήστρια	Charchanestria
12. Ψυχοανασπάστρια	Psychoanaspastria (who draws/tears the soul)
1/2 Στρίγλα	Strigla (witch, from Strix)

+BR3 Braccini, Nuove attestazioni (ms. Città del Vaticano, BAV, Vat. gr. 695, 14-15th century)

Αναβαρδαλέα/Γυλλοῦ	Anabardalea/Gyllou
1. Γυλοῦ	Gylou
2. Θοριβοῦ	Thoribou
3. ᾿Αβυζοῦ	Abyzou
4. Παταξερέα	Pataxerea
5. Σαλάμ	Salam
6. Ἐλίν	Elin
7. Μελιτινῆ	Melitine
8. ᾿Αγγελλοῦ	Aggellou
9. ᾿Αραβοβυζοῦ	Arabobyzou
10. Αἱματοπνήγουσα	Haimatopnegousa
11. ᾿Αρχίν	Archin
12. Μαραίνουσα	Marainousa

+BR4 Braccini, Nuove attestazioni (ms. Città del Vaticano, BAV, Vat. gr. 1865, 14th century)

᾿Αβιζοῦν	Abizoun
1. Γυλοῦ	Gylou
2. ᾿Αβιζοῦ	Abizou
3. ᾿Αμορφοῦ	Amorphou
4. Παταξαραία	Pataxaraia
5. Σιλινᾶ	Silina
6. Σαλώμ	Salom
7. Μαρμαθοῦ	Marmathou
8. Χαρχαρίτρ(α)	Charcharitra
9. Τοφοῦ	Tophou
10. Πετάμι	Petami
11. Χέρουσα	Cherousa
12. ᾿Αριανῆ	Ariane

+BR5 T. Braccini, published and translated in "Revisiting the 'exorcism of Gello', a new text from a Vatican manuscript, with a typological analysis of the known variants - Tommaso Braccini", with meaning of names provided.

Γηλοῦ	(Gelou)
1. Γυλοῦ	Gilou
2. Ἀβυζοῦ	Avyzou
3. Ἀμορφοῦ	Amorphou ("Misshapen")
4. Ἀκεντροφοῦ	Akentrophou
5. Παιδοπνιγοῦσα	Paidopnigousa ("Strangler of children")
6. Αἱματοπίνουσα	Haimatopinousa ("Blood-drinker")
7. ΄Λυποῦσα	Lypousa ("Giver of pain")
8. Χαρχαρίστρια	Charcharistria ("With jagged teeth")
9. Ἀριανί	Ariani
10. Μαράνασα	Maranasa ("She-who-ruins")
11. Ἀναμαρδαλέα	Anamardalea
12. Μιαρά	Miara ("Hateful")
τὸ ἥμισυ Παμπόνηρος	Pamponeros ("Most evil")

---

❌DE1 - A. Delatte, Anecdota Atheniensia I, no list of demon names.

βασκοσύνη	baskosyne
Στραγκαλιά	Stragalia
Γιλοῦ	Gilou
Ρακβησαλεά (?)	Rakbesalea

DE2 - A. Delatte, Anecdota Atheniensia I

᾽Ατζουπαδες	Atzoupades
Βαριχναν	Barikhnan
Γιλλουδαις	Gilloudais
Βραχαναι	Brakhanai
᾽Ισσταν	Isstan
᾽Αλοσαπους	Alosapous
Καταναραθα	Katanaratha
Τοπαρκα	Toparka
Μουσαλα	Mousala
᾽Ορνιαν	Ornian
᾽Αμοδεκτον	Amodekton
πτεροδράκοντα τῆς Σκέλιδος	pterodrakonta tes Skelidos
Γιλλου	Gilou
1. Γίλλου	Gillou
2. Αφθονου	Aphthonou
3. ᾽Αβιζου	Abizou
4. ᾽Αβιδα	Abida
5. Σκιλουσια	Skilousia
6. Ξιρομαστου	Xiromastou (with dry breasts)
7. -	-
8. Μίγνα	Migna
9. Βραιφοπνιγουσα	Braephopnigousa
10. Μηα	Mea
11. Παταζαραια	Patazaraea
12. Στριλγμα	Strilgma
1/2 ᾽Αχορταρη	Achortage

DE3 - A. Delatte, Anecdota Atheniensia I

1. Γελοῦ	Gelou
2. Μουρφόντο	Mourphonto
3. Βαριχοῦ	Barichou
4. Νιδοῦσα	Nidousa
5. Τροφοπανίκτρα	Trophopaniktra
6. Αιματοπίνουσα	Haimatopinousa
7. Μεταξό	Metaxo
8. Κεραμηδοτραχούσα	Keramedotrahousa
9. Μαυλιστοῦ	Maulistou
10. ᾿Αναβαρδαλέα	Anabardalea
11. Ομὲ	Ome
12. και ἥμισυ Λαοιδράκενα	Laoidrakena

DE4 - A. Delatte, Anecdota Atheniensia I

1. Γέλου ἢ Γελοῦδα	Gelou or Gelouda
2. ᾿Απαβιζουσκα	Apabizouska
3. Θουνηακου	Thouneakou
4. Μαραναντὸς	Maranantos
5. ᾿Αλαμουσανη	Alamousane
6. Καλής	Kales
7. Στοκαλὴς	Stokales
8. ᾿Ανηγου	Anegou
9. Βορβόρα	Borbora
10. Παρακαθίστρα	Parakathistra
11. Καναβαλης	Kanabales
12. Καναβαλη	Kanabale
13. Πετομενος	Petomenos
14. ᾿Αρατος	Aratos
15. Μεσημβρίας	Mesembrias

---

❌DM - A. A. Dmitrievsky, Opisanie liturgiceskich rukopisej, Vol. II, related to JA (below)

+GI - S. Giannobile, Un dialogo tra l' arcangelo Michele e il demone Abyzou in un' iscrizione esorcistica cipriota

…

GR - R. P. H. Greenfield, from Oxford, Bodleian Library, d'Orville 110

Γελλοῦ	Gellou
1. Γηλλοῦ	Gellou
2. Μοθρούς	Mothrous
3. ᾿Αβιζούς	Abizous
4. Μαραματωτούς	Maramatotous
5. Μαρμανίλλα	Marmanilla
6. Σεληνινούς	Seleninous
7. ᾿Αριανή	Ariane
8. Σαλασαλεύτου	Salasaleutou
9. ᾿Εγυπτιανή	Egyptiane
10. ἁσβλητούς	Hasbletous
11. Aἱμαβίβον	Haimabibon
12. Κτάρκαρίσκου	Ktarkariskou

---

HE1 - S. D. Hemellos, Ἔξορκισμοὶ τῆς Γελλοῦς ἐκ χειρογράφων ἐξ Αμοργού, Επετηρίς τοῦ Λαογραφικοῦ Αρχείου 17, 1954, Α' Εὐχὴ καὶ ἐξορκισμὸς εἰς τὴν μιαρὰν καὶ ἀκάθαρτον Γιαλλοῦν

Γυλοῦ	Gylou
1. Γυλοῦ	Gylou
2. ᾿Αμορφοῦ	Amorphou
3. ᾿Ακεντροφοῦ	Akentrophou
4. Παιδοπνιγοῦ	Paidopnigou
5. Χαρχαρίστρα	Charcharistra
6. Μανταζαρέα	Mantazarea
7. ᾿Αβυζοῦ	Abyzou
8. ᾿Ορχήστρα	Orchestra
9. ᾿Αναφαρδαλέα	Anaphardalea
10. Παραφουχραστοῦ	Paraphouchrastou
11. Μεθύστρα	Methystra
12. Μιαρά	Miara
1/2 Πετωμένη	Petomene

HE2 - S. D. Hemellos, Ἔξορκισμοὶ τῆς Γελλοῦς ἐκ χειρογράφων ἐξ Αμοργού, in notes

Γιαλλοῦ	Giallou
᾿Αβυζοῦ	Abyzou
1. Γιαλλοῦ	Giallou
2. ᾿Αμορφοῦ	Amorphou
3. ᾿Ανετροφοῦ (Ακετροφοῦ)	Anetrophou (Aketrophou)
4. ᾽Αβυζοῦ	Abyzou
5. Καρχοῦ	Karchou
6. Χαρχαρίστρα	Charcharistra
7. Παταξαρέα (Παντεξηρία)	Pataxarea (Pantexeria)
8. Αἰγυπτιανή	Aegyptiane
9. ᾽Ορχήστρα	Orchestra
10. Βρεφοπνίκτρα	Brephopniktra
11. Παραφουκραστοῦ	Paraphoukrastou
12. ᾽Αδικία	Adikia (Injustice)
13. Δαρδαλοῦσα	Dardalousa
14. Μορφοῦσα	Morphousa
15. Δυσλαδοῦσα	Dysladousa
16. Σωματοῦσα	Somatousa
17. Σαββατοῦσα	Sabbatousa
18. Ροφοῦσα	Rophousa
19. -	-
20. Βηματοῦσα	Bematousa
1/2 Πετωμένη	Petomene

❌HE3 - S. D. Hemellos, Ἔξορκισμοὶ τῆς Γελλοῦς ἐκ χειρογράφων ἐξ Αμοργού, Β' Εξορκισμός β' εκ του ατου Διαβασταρίου της Μονής

Διαβολοτριβολούσα/Διαβολοτριοδούσα	Diabolotribolousa/Diabolotriodousa

HE4 - S. D. Hemellos, Ἔξορκισμοὶ τῆς Γελλοῦς ἐκ χειρογράφων ἐξ Αμοργού, Γ' ᾿Εξορκισμὸς γ᾽ ἐξ ἀρχαίου χειρογράφου

Γιαλλοῦ	Giallou
᾿Αναβαρδαλέα	Anabardakea
στρίγλα	strigla
1. Γιαλλοῦ	Giallou
2. Βηματοῦ	Bematousa
3. Παταξαραία	Pataxaraea
4. ῾Αρματό	Harmato
5. Καλαπτοῦσα	Kalaptousa
6. Δαλιδοῦσα	Dalidousa
7. Πετοῦσα	Petousa
8. Φωτοῦσα	Photousa
9. Χαροῦσα	Charousa
10. Μηρατοῦσα	Meratousa
11. Λογιτον	Logiton
12. Στρίγλα	Strigla
13. Δαρδαλοῦσα (καί ζῴδιον πτερωτόν)	Dardalousa (kai zodion pteroton)
14. Μορφοῦ	Morphou
15. Σεληνητό	Seleneto
16. Σαλματοῦσα	Salmatousa
17. Παιδοπνίκτρα	Paedopniktra
18. Σαββατοῦσα	Sabbatousa
19. Ρουροῦσα	Rourousa
20. Βηματοῦσα	Bematousa

HE5 - S. D. Hemellos, Ἔξορκισμοὶ τῆς Γελλοῦς ἐκ χειρογράφων ἐξ Αμοργού, Δ' Χειρ. Θολ, Εὐχὴ εἰς τὴν μιαρὰν Αιγιαλοῦν, (the list of names is identical with HE1)

Αἰγιαλοῦ	Aigialou
Γιαλλοῦν	Gialloun

HE6 - S. D. Hemellos, Ἔξορκισμοὶ τῆς Γελλοῦς ἐκ χειρογράφων ἐξ Αμοργού, Ε' Επί τῆς βασιλείας Αὐρηλιανού

(᾿Εγὼ εἶμαι ἡ ᾿Αβυζοῦ)	(I am Abyzou)
1. Γιαλλοῦ	Giallou
2. Βαταξία	Bataxia
3. Βασκανία	Baskania
4. ᾽Ονομάκρα	Onomakra
5. Καλαπτοῦσα	Kalaptousa
6. Δαλιδοῦσα	Dalidousa
7. Πετοῦσα	Petousa
8. Φωτοῦσα	Photousa
9. Χαροῦσα	Charousa
10. Μηρατοῦσα	Meratousa
11. Λογιτον	Logiton
12. Στρίγλα	Strigla
13. Δαρδαλοῦσα	Dardalousa
14. Μορφοῦ	Morphou
15. Σελήνη	Selene
16. Σαλματοῦσα	Salmatousa
17. Παιδοπνίκτρα	Paedopniktra
18. Σαββατοῦσα	Sabbatousa
19. Ρουροῦσα	Rourousa
20. Βηματοῦσα	Bematousa

---

IR - J. Iriarte, Regiae bibliothecae Matritensis, codices Graeci Mes. (almost identical with PR1) (᾿Αβηζοῦ) (Abezou)

1. Γυλοῦ	Gylou
2. Μορφοῦ	Morphou
3. Ταβυζοῦ	Tabyzou
4. Μορφιλατοῦ	Morphilatou
5. Ρενοῦ	Renou
6. Σολωμονῆ	Solomone
7. Αἰγυπτία	Aegyptia
8. Αναμαρδαλέα	Anamardalea
9. Λυδρισοῦ	Lydrisou
10. Πεκιλαζοῦ	Pekilazou
11. Αδελαρχοῦ	Adelarchou
12. Πανστουρ	Panstour
13. Μελχισεδέκ	Melchizedek
14. Νημικοῦ	Nemikou
15. Νεμερικῆ	Nemerike
16. Φλεγομῶ	Phlegomo
17. Ηλυσώ	Helyso
18. Αμελῆ	Amele
19. Ερμοκονέα	Ermokonea
20. Ζαδερώ	Zadero
21. Ενδίκαος	Endikaos
22. Πεκουρέα	Pekourea
23. Γουφοκτήρ	Gouphokter
24. Δαδουχίμη	Dadouchime
25. Φυγαδάνη	Phygadane
26. Φυγοδύθ	Phygodyth
27. Ἀνωφῆς	Anophes
28. Ἀνόφεως	Anopheos
29. Εβδοβάλεως	Ebdobaleos
30. Σοφωτάτη	Sophotate
31. Ρεμερίς	Remeris
32. Δυριμιτατή	Dyrimitate
33. Κύριλλος	Kyrillos
34. Διδακτικός	Didaktikos
35. Δομισάκ	Domisak
36. Ταρούχ	Tarouch
37. Ταρίχ	Tarich
38. Φίλαχρος	Philachros
39. Καυκάλας	Kaukalas
40. Αμάς	Amas

❌JA - O. Janiewitsch. AYPA. Archiv fur Religionswissenschaft 13 1910, related with DM (below)

---

+KO1 - P. Kontomichis, Η λαϊκή ιατρική στη Λευκάδα, Athina 1985

…

+KO2

…

+KO3

…

---

LE - E. Legrand, Bibliothéque grecque culgaire II

(Παξαρέα)	Paxarea
1. Γελλοῦ (Γελοῦ)	Gellou (Gelou)
2. Μορφούς (Μορφοῦς)	Morphous
3. Καρανιχούς (Καράνιχος)	Karanichous (Karanichos)
4. ᾽Αμιξούς (᾽Αμιξοῦς)	Amixous
5. ᾽Αμιδαζού (᾽Αμιδαζοῦ)	Amidazou
6. Μαρμαλάτ	Marmalat
7. Καράνη	Karane
8. Σεληνούς (Σεληνοῦς)	Selenous
9. ᾽Αβυζά (᾽Αβιζά)	Abyza
10. ᾽Αριανή	Ariane
11. Μαρανή (Μαράν)	Marane (Maran)
12. Μαρμαλάτ	Marmalat

---

OI1, OI2 - D. B. Oikonomides, Απεραθίτικα λαογραφικά σύμμεικτα, τεῦχ. A'

1. Γυαλοῦ	Gyalou
2. Δηματοῦ	Dematou
3. Παζαρέα	Pazarea
4. ὀρνομάννα	ornomanna
5. καλυπτοῦσα	kalyptousa
6. δαλιδοῦσα	dalidousa
7. πετοῦσα	petousa
8. μωροτοῦ (-σα)	morotou (-sa)
9. χαρχαροῦσα	charcharousa
10. μωροτοῦσα	morotousa
11. λογική	logike
12. στριγγλαφοῦ	strigglaphou
13. δερλαδοῦσα (ἢ ζῳοπτεροῦ)	derladousa (or zoopterou)
14. φορφοῦσα	phorphousa
15. σεληνιοτό	selenioto
16. σολωμοῦσα	solomousa
17. παιδοπνιγοῦ	paidopnigou
18. σαββατοῦσα	sabbatousa
19. ρουφοῦσα	rouphousa
20. βηματοῦσα	bematousa

OI3 - D. B. Oikonomides, ᾿Ἐξορχισμοὶ καὶ ἰατροσοφία ἐξ Ηπειρωτικού χειρογράφου, ᾿Επετηρὶς του Λαογραφικού Αρχείου 8 - 72 names of Gello

μιαρὰ στρίγλα	miara strigla (polluted witch)
1. μεληγούν	melegoun
2. βηξοῦν	bexoun
3. πεζαρῆς	pezares
4. μάρξα	marxa
5. καλησόνα	kalesona
6. λευδοῦ	leudou
7. πέτα	peta
8. πτερουμένη	pteroumene (flying)
9. λόλη	lole
10. ἁρπαγού	arpagou (snatcher)
11. μαρμάρω	marmaro
12. στρίγλα	strigla (witch, from Strix)
13. παιδοπνίκτρα	paedopniktra (strangler of children)
14. νυκτοπατοῦσα	nyktopatousa (walking during the night)
15. μώρα	mora
16. ἥσκιον τῆς νυκτός	eskion tes nyktos (shade/spectre of the night)
17. λαγονητήπα	lagonetepa
18. πτερωτόν	pteroton (winged)
19. κλωσσαρία	klossaria
20. ζούδιον	zoudion (animal)
21. φανταζούτω	fantazouto
22. βηματήτω	bemateto
23. λουφούντω	louphounto
24. ἀχνὴ μολήν	achne molen
25. φέρτρια	phertria
26. ζερβατού	zerbatou
27. ἰεβαραχήα	iebarachea
28. ἐπικατάρατη	epikatarate (accursed)
29. διγητού	digetou
30. θάνατος παιδίων	thanatos paidion (death of children)
31. μητέρων ὀδυρμός	meteron odyrmos (mourning of mothers)
32. ἀτικνοῦσα	atiknousa (without children)
33. ἀπνοῦσα (ἐγούστρια)	apnousa (egoustria)
34. ἐγήστηα	egestea
35. μόρφου	morphou (with shape)
36. μελάνι	melani (black)
37. ἐμοφού	emophou
38. αἰῶνα	aiona (aeon)
39. σκορπίδου	skorpidou
40. μοιραδού	moiradou (fated)
41. μοῖρα	moira (fate)
42. ἄπιστη	apiste (faithless, mistrustful)
43. ἀγύριστη	agyriste (unturnable)
44. ἡμέρα	hemera (day)
45. νύκτα	nykta (night)
46. ὥρα	hora (hour)
47. στιγμὴ τῆς ὥρας	stigme tes horas (moment of the hour)
48. χρόνου	chronou (of time)
49. μηνιοῦσα	meniousa (of the month)
50. ἑβδομάδα,	hebdomada (week)
- κυριακή	- kyriake (Sunday)
51. δευτέρα	deutera (Monday)
52. τρίτη	trite (Tuesday)
53. τετράδη	tetrade (Wednesday)
54. πέφτη	pephte (Thursday)
55. παρασκευή	paraskeue (Friday)
56. σαββάτο	sabbato (Saturday)
57. δώδικα μηνῶν	dodika menon (twelve months)
58. -	-
59. μαρτινιανή	martiniane (of March)
60. ἀπριλιανή	apriliane (of April)
61. μαϊανή	maiane (of May)
62. ἰουνιανή	iouniane (of June)
63. ἰουλιανή	iouliane (of July)
64. αὐγουστιανή	augoustiane (of August)
65. σεπτεμβριανή	septembriane (of September)
66. ὀκτωμβριανή	oktombriane (of October)
67. νοεμβριανή	noembriane (of November)
68. δεκεμβριανή	dekembriane (of December)
69. γενουαρινή	genouarine (of January)
70. φλεβουριανή	phlebouriane (of February)
71. -	-
72. ἀπηλόδησα	apelodesa

---

+OT - I. Oustagiannaki-Tachataki, Προσευχές – φυλακτήρια, δεσίματα– λυσίματα τῶν Ἀρχανῶν Ἡρακλείου Κρήτης, «Ἑλληνικὴ Ψυχή»

…

---

PR1 - F. Pradel, Griechische und suditalienische Gebete, Beschworungen und Rezepte des Mittelalters (almost identical with IR)

(᾿αβυζοῦ)	(abyzou)
1. γιλου	gilou
2. μορφου	morphou
3. (ταβυζου)	tabyzou
4. μορφειλατου	morpheilatou
5. ρινου	rinou
6. σολωμονην	solomonen
7. αἰγυπτια	aegyptia
8. ἀναμαρδαλεα	anamardalea
9. λυδρισει	lydrisei
10. πεκηλαζου	pekelazou
11. ἀδελαρχου	adelarchou
12. παστερη	pastere
13. μελχησεδεκ	melchizedek
14. νεβικον	nebikon
15. νεμετρικης	nemetrikes
16. φλεγυμων	phlegymon
17. ἡλυσω	heleso
18. ἀμελη	amele
19. ἐρμοκονεα	ermokonea
20. ζερδερωδιος	zerderodios
21. ἐνδικαιος	endikaeos
22. παικουρεος	paekoureos
23. γοβφοκτηρ	gobphokter
24. δαδουχιμη	dadouchime
25. φυγανυν	phyganyn
26. φυγοδωθξ	phygodothx
27. ἁνοφης	hanophes
28. ἀνοφεος	anopheos
29. ἐβδοβαλεως	ebdobaleos
30. σοφωτάτη	sophotate
31. ρεμερις	remeris
32. (δυριμιτατη)	dyrimitate
33. (κυριλλος)	kyrillos
34. διδακτικός	didaktikos
35. δομησακ	domesak
36. ταραχου	tarachou
37. ταριχ	tarich
38. φιλαρχος	philarchos
39. καυκαλας	kaukalas
40. ἀνας	anas

PR2

γυλοῦ	gylou
1. γυλου	gylou
2. ἀμορφου	amorphou
3. καρκαρικου	karkarikou
4. βυζου	byzou
5. ἀβυδαζου	abydazou
6. μαρμαλετα	marmaleta
7. σεληνου	selenou
8. ἀβηζατω	abezato
9. καρκανιτο	karkanito
10. κωρκανιτους	korkanitous
11. αἱματοπινουσα	haimatopinousa
12. στριγλα	strigla

---

+PV1 - Th. M. Provatakis, Το «πεδουλοχάρτι». Ένα άγνωστο χειρόγραφο εξορκισμών από τον βορειοελλαδικό χώρο, in Β' Συμπόσιο Λαογραφίας του Βορειοελλαδικού χώρου

…

+PV2 - Th. M. Provatakis, Το «πεδουλοχάρτι». Ένα άγνωστο χειρόγραφο εξορκισμών από τον βορειοελλαδικό χώρο, in Β' Συμπόσιο Λαογραφίας του Βορειοελλαδικού χώρου

…

---

❌RE - R. Reitzenstein, Poimandres, from Parisinus Graecus 2163, the archangel does not demand the names of the demon.

ἡ Βασχανοσύνη	Baschanosyne
Στραγγαλιά	Straggalia
Γελοῦν	Geloun

RO - W. H. D, Rouse, Folklore from the Southern Sporades

1. Στρίγλα	Strigla
2. Γιλοῦ	Gilou
3. Μορφοῦ	Morphou (with shape)
4. Βαριχοῦ	Barichou
5. ἀναβαρδοῦ	Anabardou
6. Βρεφοπνηκτοῦ	Brephopnektou (strangler of children)
7. Παραφοῦ	Paraphou
8. Ψευδομένη	Pseudomene (liar)
9. Μανταταρένα	Mantatarena
10. μαβλιστοῦ	Mablistou

---

SA1 - K. Sathas, Μεσαιωνικὴ Βιβλιοθήκη Ε'; from Parisinus Graecus 395. Translated in "Appendix to Amulet 15" in "Amulets and Magic Bowls" which itself derives from "Negotium perambulans in tenebris - Paul Perdrizet":

Γυλλοῦ	Gyllou
1. Γυλλοῦ	Gyllou
2. ᾽Αμορφοῦς	Amorphous
3. ᾽Αβυζοῦ	Abyzou
4. Καρχοῦς	Karkhous
5. Βριανή	Briane
6. Βαρδελλοῦς	Bardellous
7. Αἰγυπτιανή	Aigyptiane
8. Βαρνά	Barna
9. Χαρχανιστρέα	Kharkhanistrea
10. ἀδικία	Adikia
11. -	(...)
12. μυῖα	Myia
1/2 Πετωμένη	Petomene

SA2 - K. Sathas, Μεσαιωνικὴ Βιβλιοθήκη Ε'

Γυλοῦ	Gylou
1. Μανλοῦ (Μαυλοῦ)	Manlou (Maulou)
2. ᾽Αμορφούς	Amorphous (misshappen/shapeless)
3. Καρανιχοῦς	Karanichous
4. ᾽Αβιζιοῦ	Abiziou
5. ᾽Αβιδαζιοῦ	Abidaziou
6. Μαρμαλατοῦς	Marmalatous
7. Καριανή	Kariane
8. ῾Ελληνοῦς	Hellenous
9. ᾽Αριανή	Ariane
10. ᾽Αδικία	Adikia (Injustice)
11. Χαρχαρίστρια	Charcharistria
12. Μυιᾶ	Myia
1/2 Πετωμένη	Petomene

❌SA3 - K. Sathas, Μεσαιωνικὴ Βιβλιοθήκη Ε'

(᾿Αβυζοῦ)	(Abyzou)

---

+❌SBK1 - E. Chernukhin, Греческие молитвы, заклинания и заговоры из Большой Каракубы, pp. 82-84, numbers of pages as given by "Revisiting the 'exorcism of Gello', a new text from a Vatican manuscript, with a typological analysis of the known variants - Tommaso Braccini" are confusing, so there might be an error in ordering. Possibly meant 80-82, the start of the historiola with Michael, with no names given.

γιλοῦ	gilou

+SBK2 - E. Chernukhin, Греческие молитвы, заклинания и заговоры из Большой Каракубы, pp. 84-86, in notes of "Revisiting the 'exorcism of Gello', a new text from a Vatican manuscript, with a typological analysis of the known variants - Tommaso Braccini": "ordering her to give back their sister Melitene's seven children", so pages should be 82-84 "επτὰ νίπια της αδελφίς ημον"

γιλου	gilou
1. γιλού	gilou
2. βηζού	bezou
3. μόρφου	morphou
4. πατάξερε	pataxere
5. σελενόμιτο	selenomito
6. μόρφετα	morpheta
7. αργιρια	argiria
8. χριρουσα	chrirousa
9. χαρχάριστα	charcharista
10. καταληπούσα	katalepousa
11. αργιρήνη	argirene
12. στρανκαπεδοφορούσα	strankapedophorousa (stranka (?) taker of children)

+SBK3A - - E. Chernukhin, Греческие молитвы, заклинания и заговоры из Большой Каракубы, pp. 86-88, "Revisiting the 'exorcism of Gello', a new text from a Vatican manuscript, with a typological analysis of the known variants - Tommaso Braccini" mentions "Πονιριτο SBK3", so pages should be 84-86.

μήκρανον	mekranon (migraine)
γιλού	gilou
γαλού	galou
1. πετου	petou
2. αφιλοτου	aphilotou
3. βιζοτού	bizotou
4. μορφοάτο	morphoato
5. παραξιρενετο	paraxireneto
6. καλομανιτο	kalomanito
7. σαλοελέτο	saloeleto
8. μαρτατο	martato
9. ατροφιτου	atrophitou
10. αργοκαλεσάτο	argokalesato
11. μανίτο	manito
12. ἀρπασετο	arpaseto
13. πετρογίτο	petrogito
14. καρκιανι	karkiani
15. μαρκαλοσα	markalosa
16. ελινουστο	elinousto
17. αρθανιτο	arthanito
18. σελεάτω	seleato
19. εγιπτανιτω	egiptanito
20. αδετους	adetous
21. μαναρχαστου	manarchastou
22. αβιζοτου	abizotou
23. καρανίχος	karanichos
24. σελενιτον	seleniton
25. αβλεψατου	ablepsatou
26. καρ	kar
27. μαρκαλιτο	markalito
28. αρανιτον	araniton
29. αβεζά	abeza
30. πλετριατο	pletriato
31. γαδαροσοριάτο	gadarosoriato
32. αβφιζοτου	abphizotou
33. βριφο	bripho
34. μαρνοτο	marnoto
35. αδικτο	adikto
36. χατοριατο	chatoriato
37. αχορταστιτου	achortastitou
38. ζολατο	zolato
39. πονιριτο	ponirito
40. στριγλατου μοριπατους	striglatou moripatous

+❌SBK3B - E. Chernukhin, Греческие молитвы, заклинания и заговоры из Большой Каракубы, p. 88, historiola with saint Sisinnios on page 86.

Αβιζού	Abizou

+SBK4 - E. Chernukhin, Греческие молитвы, заклинания и заговоры из Большой Каракубы, pp. 132-136

γιλοῦ	gilou
1. γιλου	gilou
2. βηζου	bezou
3. πανταξερέα	pantaxerea
4. μορφοῦ	morphou
5. σελώμι	selomi
6. μερμεφέ	mermephe
7. αργηανῆ	argeane
8. χέρωσά	cherosa
9. χαρχαρίστρα	charcharistra
10. ληποῦσα	lepousa
11. ευρανίτα	euranita
12. στριγλα πεδοφορούσα	strigla pedophorousa (strix taker of children)

---

+SO - M. I. Sokolov, новый материал для объяснения амулетов, называемых змеевиками, Древности: труды славянской комиссии, the same manuscript as JA.

---

SP1 - G. K. Spyridake, ᾿Ἐξορκισμοὶ καὶ μαγικοὶ κατάδεσμοι ἐκ Κρητικῶν χειρογράφων

Γελλοῦ	Gellou
1. μιαρὰ	miara
2. Γελλοῦ	Gellou
3. ἀβυζοῦ	abyzou
4. παταξαρέα	pataxarea
5. μορφωτοῦ	morphotou
6. -	-
7. στρίγλα	strigla
8. μαρετοῦ	maretou
9. ἀναθαρθόψεον	anatharthopseon
10. λυποῦσαν	lypousan
(11) 20. ἀτεκνοῦσα	ateknousa (childless)
(12) 30. βρεφοπνίκτρα	brephopniktra
1/2 'ματοπίνουσα	'matopinousa

SP2 - G. K. Spyridake, ᾿Ἐξορκισμοὶ καὶ μαγικοὶ κατάδεσμοι ἐκ Κρητικῶν χειρογράφων, brief notice where it is said that it is analogous to SA1.

---

+SZE - Szegvári, Le "Supplementum Graecum 116" de la Bibliothèque Nationale de Vienne; T. Braccini, Treversioni dell' "esorcismo di Gello" da manoscritti di Madrid, Vienna e Cambridge

…

---

❌VA1 - Anecdota graeco-byzantina - Afanasiĭ Vasilʹev/A. Delatte, Anecdota Atheniensia 1, demons of 72 1/2 generations, similar historiola format, but Gello not named.

❌VA2 - Anecdota graeco-byzantina - Afanasiĭ Vasilʹev, Gello not named but Dalida, demoness described as one-legged, having eves facing backwards, and as having nails which reach to her heels. Michael isaccompanying Christ and the demon accompanying Belzebouel, Sachael and Zazael whose mother she is said to be.

ἥ Δαλιδᾷ	Dalida

---

+ZEL - Lawsuits with headless foes, a Greek incantation motif - M. Zellmann-Rohrer, translated, meaning provided in the same article.

Γυλοῦ	Gylou
1. Γυλοῦ	Gylou
2. ᾿Aβυζοῦ	Abyzou
3. ᾿Aρνοῦ	Arnou
4. ᾿Aφρυξοῦ	Aphryxou
5. Ἑλληνοῦ	Hellēnou
6. Μανταταρά	Mantatara
7. Αἱματοπίνουσα	Blood-drinker (Haimatopinousa)
8. Βρεφοπνικτήρια	Baby-strangler (Brephopniktēria)
9. Ψευδομένη	Liar (Pseudomenē)
10. Μαυλήστρια	Maulēstria
11. Ἁρπασοῦ	Harpasou
12. ᾿Aναβαρδαλαία	Anabardalaia
1/2 καὶ τὸ ἥμισυ Πετομένη	my twelfth-and-a-half, Flier (Petomenē)

---

Aura

❌DM - A. A. Dmitrievsky, Opisanie liturgiceskich rukopisej, Vol. II, related to JA (I'll skip repetitions of the name Abra)

πᾶν ἀβιζοῦν καὶ δαιμόνιον	pan abizoun kai daimonion (every abizoun and demon)
ἄβρα ἀρσενικόν	abra arsenikon (aura masculine)
ἄβρα θηλυκόν	thylekon (aura feminine)
ἄβρα απὸ ὕδατος	apo hydatos (from water)
ἄβρα ἀπὸ αἴματος	apo haimatos (from blood)
ἄβρα ἀπὸ χρούσματος	apo chrousmatos (from the impact)
ἄβρα ἀπὴ οἰχίας	apo oichias (from the house)
ἄβρα ἀπὸ ἁρμονίας	apo harmonias (from harmony)
ἄβρα ἀπὸ ἔψεως	apo epseos (from ?)
ἄβρα καρχῖνος	karchinos (cancer)
ἄβρα ἐπιορχίας	epiorchias (false oath)
ἄξρα ὄρχου	orchou (oath)
ἄβξρα ἀκοίμητος	akoimetos (sleepless)
πᾶσαν τὴν ἄβραν	pasan ten abran/every abra
πᾶσαν τὴν ἄβραν	pasan ten abran (every abra)
ἄβρα τυφτοῦν	abra typhtoun (blind (corrupt)
ἄρα κωφόν	kophon (deaf)
ἄρα ἀδύνατον	adynaton (weak)
ἄξβρα ἀνήκουν	anekoun (disobedient)
ἄβρα ἀπὸ ἀγάλματος	apo agalmatos (from glory/image)
ἄβρα δαιμόνιον μεσημβρινόν	daimonion mesembrinon (Southern/noonday demon)
ἄβρα ψῦχος πυρετοῦ	psychos pyretou (chill of fever)
ἄβρα προσυφίου (;) βάμματος	prosyphiou (?) bammatos (from ? dye)
ἄξρα χεφαλῆς	khephales (of the head)
ἄξρα θηρίου	theriou (of the beast)
ἄβρα ἀσπίδος	aspidos (of the shield)
ἄβρα βασιλέσχωνος	basileschonos (of the basilisk)
ἄξρα βαχχέως	baccheos (of frenzy)
ἄξρα αἵματος	haimatos (of the blood)
ἄβρα πυρὸς χοχλάζοντος	pyros chochlazontos (of roaring fire)
ἄβρα χλωρός	chloros (pale)
ἄβρα βόδρεξ	bodrex (?)
ἄβρα ἐξ ἀμπέλων	ex ampelon (of the vine)
ἄβρα ἀπὸ λίδου μαύρου	apo lidou maurou (? black)
ἄβρα ἀπὸ τῆς πυρῆς	apo tes pyres (of the funeral pyre)
ἀΐἕρα ἀπὸ μαρμάρων	apo marmaron (of the marbles)
ἄβρα μελάνη μεμελανωμένη, τριχειλετριχέφαλε	melane memelanomene tricheiletrichephale (abra black, blackened, three-lipped, three-headed)
ἀξρα ἀπαντήσεως	abra apanteseos (of the answer)
ἄβρα ἀπὸ συναντήματος	apo synantematos (of the encounter)
ἄβραᾳ ὄφεως	opheos (of the serpent)
ἄρα πηγαδίου	pegadiou (of the well)
ἄξρα ῥύαχος	ryachos (of the stream)
ἄξρα ποταμοῦ	potamou (of the river
ἄβρα πελαγίων	pelagion (of the sea)
ἄξια πελασέου	pelaseou (of the ?)
ἄρα δαιμονίου μεσημβρινοῦ	daimoniou mesembrinou (Southern/noonday demon)
ἄξρα ὁδείας	odeias (of the road/trip)
ἄξρα ἐπτχοθείας	eptchotheias (of the seven roads)
ἄβρα ὀχταοδείας	ochtaodeias (of the eight roads)
ἄρα κχρούσματος	kchousmatos (of the impact)
ἄβρα χᾶρας	charas (of the head)
ἄβρα κατάρας	kataras (of the curse)
ἄβρπ ἐπιπεμπτιχόν	epipemptichon (sent against)
ἄβρα θησαυροῦ	thesaurou (of the treasure)
ἄβρα τῆς γῆς	tes ges (of the earth)
ἄβρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ	tou ouranou (of the sky)
ἄβρα τοῦ ἡλίου	tou heliou (of the sun)
ἄβρα τῆς σελήνης	tes selenes (of the moon)
ἄβρα ἐξ ἀνθρώπων	ex anthropon (from the people)
ἄξρα ἐξ ἀμπέλων	ex ampelon (from the vines)
ἄξθρα ἐξ ἀστέρων	ex asteron (from the stars)
ἄβρα ἀπὸ πνευμάτων ἀχαθάρτων	apo pneumaton achatharton (from the unclean spirits)
ἄβρα ἕως ἐβδομηχοντάχις ἑπτὰ ἥμισυ γενεὧν	abra os ebdomechontakis epa hemisy geneon (abra up to seventy-seven and a half generations)

❌JA - O. Janiewitsch. AYPA. Archiv fur Religionswissenschaft 13 1910, related with DM

πασαν αβυσσον και δαιμονιον	every abyss and daemon
αυρα αρσενικον	aura arsenikon (masculine)
αυρα θηλυκον	thelykon (feminine)
αβρα απο του υδατος	apo tou hydatos (from the water)
αβρα απο του αιματος	apo tou haimatos (from the blood)
αβρα απο μνηματος	apo mnematos (from memory (?)
α απο κρουσματος	apo krousmatos (from the impact)
α ψυξεως	psyxeos (from the chills)
α απο κτηνος	ktenos (from the flocks and herds)
αυρα μελανη μιαινομενη τριχειλε κεφαλε	aura melane miainomene tricheile kephale (aura black, that morally pollutes, with three lips and heads)

---

Testament of Solomon

TSH - C.C. MeCown, The Testament of Solomon

η βυζοῦθ και ιδιούθ	Byzouth and Idiouth

TSL

Ὀβυζούθ: ἀβυζούθ	Obyzouth: Abyzouth

TSN (page 118)

Οβηζθγελαουθ	Obyzthgelaouth

+TSO - The Embroidered Bible, Studies in Biblical Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha in Honour of Michael E. Stone - Lorenzo DiTommaso, Matthias Henze, William Adler, "Greek Manuscripts of the Testament of Solomon in the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana - Ryan Bailey"

Vat. gr. 1871 (siglum O): λέγομαι παρὰ ἀνθρώποις (Ὀβυζούθ)/I'm called by people (Obyzouth) - the text ends abruptly before Abyzou reveals her name.

TSP

Οβιζούθ	Obizouth

+TSR - M. A. F. Šangin, Codices Rossici (Catalogus Codicum Astrologorum Graecorum 12), Brussels 1936, p. 155

…

This post is less academic compared to the rest, as it's essentially my own thoughts, but I try to place Lilith's connection with ghosts in its broader context.

It's known by now that Lilith is the syncretised form of the goddess-demoness Lamaštu and the ghosts-demons lilû/lilītu/ardat-lilî. It's a process that started in Akkadian sources with Lamaštu's inclusion in the lilû class, and finally appeared in Aramaic incantation bowls with the liliths (lylyt) and lilin/lilis (lylyn/lylyyn), who embodied both the succubi spirits and the child-snatching demoness, mirroring the lilītu and lilû. The connection of the lilītu/ardat-lilî and Lamaštu with Lilith is not an opinion of mine, it's been extensively talked about by scholars.

While the figure of Lilith is not identical with the ghosts separately, does it matter that they're ghosts? I stressed this feature of them before, and separated the demons and ghosts in my mind, though recently while reading and researching more, I realised this distinction is not that simple. One such reason for my distinction was the assumption (in Geller's "Healing Magic and Evil Demons") that one of them has Ištar as a patron, but given new scholarship (Marie Barkowsky's "Studies in Mesopotamian Demonology") that doesn't seem to be the case either.

The figure that would become the later Lilith is documented already in Babylonian times, as Lamaštu when syncretised with the lilû-demons. Can the lilû class be aspects of Lilith even if they're ghosts of the unsatisfied dead? The lilû, lilītu and ardat-lilî was not used interchangeably with Lamaštu, but they had enough similarities for Lamaštu to take their characteristics, be included in their class, and use their names as epithets. They don't embody everything that the Liliths do, however they're direct forerunners to her, and I do now consider them aspects of Lilith, even if I was previously cautious with this term. It's also important to remember that such distinction of demonic categories into ghosts and demons does not exist in Aramaic sources, there is no origin to the liliths, they're a demonic class by themselves, hence they embody both.

The issue comes when "aspect of Lilith" or "vaguely reminded someone of Lilith" is taken out of context, something that was done frequently in scholarship around 80 years ago. Lilith was "found" in the Huluppu Tree, Burney Relief and the Arslan Tash amulets, while recent scholarship has rejected all of these appearances. The only spirit from this list that Lilith has a connection to is the ki-sikil-lil-la-ke/ardat lilî, a maiden of the wind, who made a nest in Inanna's Huluppu Tree. Here too, the translation to "Lilith" is unnecessary, as preferred translations are demon-girl/maiden/phantom. It's akin to translating Inanna to Aphrodite or Astaroth, and while there is direct influence, there are more accurate terms of translation in each instance.

A similar story with mortals happened with Gello and Lamia. Gello died as a virgin, found development in Byzantine sources and was used interchangeably with Abyzou, that later appears as a name of Lilith. Lamia was the queen of Libya, who was used to translate lilith in the Vulgate. Lilith in the infamous "Alphabet of Ben Sira" starts out human. Similarly then, the lilû class starts human and then ends up being compared to goddess Lamaštu herself.

So while the figure of Lilith(s) is not identical to the ghosts separately, since it's their syncretism with Lamaštu that resulted in the known figure of Lilith, they are aspects of the Lilith(s) as the beings that encompass both Lamaštu and the lilītu/ardat-lilî in Aramaic sources, which gets reflected in their gender distinction (lilû/lilin and lilītu/lilith), role and etymology.

Do Lamaštu and Lilith have connections with living women themselves? Scurlock and Montgomery respectively have interesting thoughts on their categorization:

---

Baby-Snatching Demons, Restless Souls and the Dangers of Childbirth - JoAnn Scurlock

Unloved and unlovable as she was, Lamaštu had ample reason to be disagreeable--the poor thing was hardly the vision of loveliness. Moreover, her personality profile strikingly resembles the role played in other societies by the ghosts of women who had died in childbirth. Her behavior was less that of a demon who delighted in destruction for its own sake than that of a frustrated mother: "The daughter of Anu daily counts the pregnant women; she goes around after those (about to) give birth. She counts up their [months]; she marks the days (of their confinement) onto the wall. For the lying-in women giving birth (this) is (her) incantation: "Bring me your sons so that I can give them suck; let me put the breast into the mouth of your daughters."

[Note: "Frustrated motherhood" is also mentioned by Wiggermann in "The Mesopotamian Pandemonium" and "Lamaštu, Daughter of Anu"]

---

Aramaic Incantation Texts from Nippur - James A. Montgomery

Especially in the case of this species most exact descriptions are given of their foul ways and apparitions, for the Liliths were the most developed products of the morbid imagination—of the barren or neurotic woman, the mother in the time of maternity, of the sleepless child.

---

While Lamaštu's behaviour towards children points to what would usually be categorized as a woman that died in childbirth, she's not one of them. Instead she is a goddess in her own right, and I believe that puts into perspective all of the other beings equated with her. In my view, she is the one emanating the other spirits through her, the only goddess in the chain of the other demons, and an origin for the other child-killing succubi that follow. Lilith, as the name that survived through millennia, is the crossroads that connects all of the emanations together.

I created a ritual to honour Lilith during the Waning Moon. Some passages are referenced from incantation bowls, Lamaštu incantations, and name lists. The opening is taken (and slightly altered) from PGM IV. 2241-2249 "Document to the waning moon". Artwork is "Lilith, the screech owl" by Mitchellnolte on DeviantArt.

---

Document to the waning moon

Hail, Holy Light, Ruler of the Underworld,

Who strike with rays; hail, Holy Beam, who whirl

Up out of darkness and subvert all things

With aimless plans. / I'll call and may you hear

My holy words since awesome Destiny

Is ever subject to you. Thrice-bound goddess,

Set free yourself. Come, rage against those who wish me harm.

For Klotho will spin out her threads for you.

Assent, O blessed one!

---

Opening: Come Lilith, [Lamaštu-lilītu/ardat-lilî, Lamia], the terrifying, eternal void. Come and listen to my voice and prayer.

Lilith, the seducer, you who are present in death and decay, succubus, mourning mother, married and divorced phantom, accept my offerings and hear my voice, for I am your devotee and follower. You who appears in the subconscious of humans in many cultures, you who haunts them through generations, listen to my voice.

Help me with what I need, help me with [...]

I call you, lilith, male lilin, female liliths, the grabber and the snatcher: the three of you, and the four of you, and the five of you. Accept my offerings, Lilitha, the suffocatress.

Offerings: black/red candle, incense (frankincense/dragon's blood)

Food Offerings: Fruit (apples, pomegranates), chocolate

Libations: coffee, tea, wine 

---

Oh Lamaštu, daughter of Anu, the one present in the lives of humans for millennia, bless my path and get rid of what is not needed, don't let your grip tighten around my neck, but watch me as I walk this path.

• Ki-sikil Kamadme, maiden Lamaštu
• Ki-sikil-lil-la-ke, child of good behaviour,
• lil2-lil2-us2-sa, follower of the lilû,
• ki-sikil-ud-da-kar-ra, you divine exterminator (Pašittu).

 

She is monstrous, the Daughter-of-Anu, who wreaks havoc among the babies.

Her paws are a snare net, her bosom hold spells death.

Cruel, raging, malicious, rapacious, violent,

destructive, aggressive is the Daughter-of-Anu.

Her head is a lion's head, donkey's teeth are [her] teeth.

Her lips are a gale and spread death.

From deep in the mountains she came down,

roaring like a lion,

whimpering all the time like a bitch.

 

Instead of having your hands immersed in (my) flesh and blood,

accept from me offerings,

accept from me libations to satisfy your thirst,

accept from me food to satisfy your hunger,

Let there be peace between us, my goddess!

 

Offerings: black candle

Food Offerings: bread, flour, grain

Libations: oil, beer, water, broth

---

Closing: May I find your strength, may your followers grow into who they need to be. Ave Lilith, Ave Lamaštu!

The wild and untamed

When my eyes close and my blood boils, when the only thing visible in the darkness is the starry night in the screech owl's blind eyes, when the shrieking pierces my ears and saves me from my eternal deafness, can I see her. She turns her neck sideways, her blinding red eyes following my footsteps as I try to split my own being in half, both approach her and run from myself to the other side of the world. Only then can I see her in all her glory, the bird, the prey, the predator. Only then can the Strix consume the flesh she's been waiting to rot.

When my eyes open and move in panic, when my standing hair turn into flames and burn my flesh, only then do I notice her. The feline, tearing my skin open with her fiery fangs, using her claws to move my bones out of her way. She looks down on me, her yellow eyes focus on my breath, her gaze follows my soul twirling in the air as I yet again fail to escape the void. The lioness, she yet again found me, to taste the blood I owe her.

When my eyes roll back and I break through the ice I immersed myself in, digging deeper into the cold to move away from my tarnished presence, only then is my being melted and becomes one with her. Her ice cold touch burns, her fingers push me to the bottom of the ocean and strangle me. Her nails cut me open to reach for the heart I'm keeping away from her. Only then can I see her black, void eyes, that eat me alive, that let me sink finally into the last breath of my consciousness, till I'm yet again absorbed by her.

When my eyes focus on her, when I'm finally met with the goddess that is the aeon, when I acknowledge the heat that brought me life, when I accept that she's all there is, and all there will ever be, can I finally exhale all of the smoke I've been keeping while clenching my teeth. Only then can she hand me my body back, whole, scarred, consumed. Only then can I accept that Lamaštu and Lilith is the all, the one, the eternity waiting for me.

---

The artwork is an offering to Lamaštu, inspired by the Burney Relief, named "Queen of the Beasts" after its present name "Queen of the Night". I present Lamaštu as a cosmic goddess, the necessary for the world to function, the balance that's needed and inescapable.