For a 28-GHz antenna, for example:
Goal 1 — Frequency
Approx = 28GHz
Goal 2 — Matching
S 11 <-10 dB
Goal 3 — Gain
For example:
G > 5dBi
depending on your antenna type.
Goal 4 — Efficiency
Preferably:
n > 80%
if achievable for your design.
Target frequency
↓
Choose substrate
↓
Calculate initial radiator dimensions
↓
Design feed / 50 Ω
↓
Finite ground
↓
Correct port
↓
Auto/Open radiation region
↓
Mesh refinement
↓
Simulation
↓
Check S11
↓
Check -10 dB bandwidth
↓
Check current distribution
↓
Tune radiator → frequency
↓
Tune feed → matching
↓
Tune coupling/slots → bandwidth
↓
Tune ground/radiator → gain
↓
Check efficiency
↓
Optimetrics
↓
Final design
↓
Fabrication tolerance study
↓
Prototype + measurement