When should an LLM observability tool say “uncertain” instead of guessing a root cause?
I’ve been thinking a lot about false confidence in LLM/agent debugging tools.
When two agent runs differ, it’s tempting for an observability tool to pick the first suspicious-looking span and present it as “the cause.”
But in a lot of cases, the structural evidence is ambiguous:
- repeated tool calls can be hard to align safely
- some captured content may be unavailable or redacted
- traces may be incomplete
- later differences do not necessarily imply causality
I’ve been experimenting with a different rule in a local-first run-comparison tool I’m building:
If the evidence is not sufficient to establish an investigation starting point, return `uncertain` instead of selecting the most plausible-looking location.
The tradeoff is obvious: you sometimes give the user less information.
But the benefit is that the tool does not silently convert ambiguity into confidence.
I currently test this with a deterministic regression corpus where ambiguous cases are expected to fail closed rather than guess.
I’m curious how people working on LLM observability think about this:
Would you rather have a debugging tool return a weaker/uncertain result more often, or make a best-effort guess as long as it explains why?
And what kinds of evidence would you personally require before calling something an actual “root cause” rather than just an investigation starting point?