
The True History of ISKCON's Guru Parampara
(A poster seen in ISKCON ashrams around the world)
Prabhupada claimed his authority derived from an unbroken line of succession reaching back to Krishna himself. Like a fruit passed carefully down through the branches of a tree, the true and clear teachings of Krishna are perfectly preserved in this ancient lineage. For 5000 years nothing has been changed.
In the Bhagavad Gita As It Is, Prabhupada lists 32 gurus including himself. He repeatedly claims his knowledge and power is based on this. The sincere will take advantage of it. The insincere will go elsewhere and be cheated.
This parampara is said to be a siksha line of instruction rather than a diksha line of initiation. Why does ISKCON completely ignore its diksha line?
Because there isn't one. ISKCON's initiation line and sanyassa line almost certainly began with Prabhupada's guru Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati.
Bhaktisiddhanta's Self Initiation
Bhaktisiddhanta claimed to have been given diksha by Gaura Kishora das Babaji.
This is denied by Lalita Prasad, Bhaktisiddhanta's own brother. Gaura Kishora had sworn to never accept disciples. Bhaktisiddhanta claims he privately broke this vow only for himself. Lalita Prasad, who was present, maintains their relationship was strictly one of shiksa.
Bhaktisiddhanta's claim is also rejected by Gaura Kishora's peers, the Vrndavana and Navadwip Babaji community. Bhaktisiddhanta put on saffron in 1918 and gave himself sanyassa. No one properly initiated into their lineage would do so. In their view, anyone properly initiated by Gaura Kishora, when reaching the stage of renunciation, would enter the Babaji order. Saffron cloth is strictly forbidden. When Bhaktisiddhanta gave himself sanyassa it was considered outrageous, and a rejection of their lineage.
Bhaktisiddhanta went beyond this, establishing his own tridandi sanyassa order, previously non-existent, even compiling 108 sanyassi names under questionable circumstances. He modeled this on the Sri Vaishnavas of South India, as Gaudiyas only wore the white cloth of the babaji.
It is interesting to note that as a brahmacari Bhaktisiddhanta wore white. In ISKCON today brahmacaris wear saffron, obsessively so, like mini sanyassis of the Gaudiya Math. It could be argued ISKCON's extremely destructive culture of renunciation and sexual repression begins here, as a deviation from tradition.
ISKCON's True Diksha Lineage
Assuming Gaura Kishora gave Bhaktisiddhanta diksha, it would have connected him to the Advaita Parivara, a caste goswami lineage. Gaura Kishora's diksha guru was Nimaichand Goswami. The list of gurus then goes like this: Radharaman, Sukadeva, Keshava, Radhagovinda, Gopinath, Dolgovinda Mishra, then finally Krishna Mishra. Krishna Mishra was the son of Advaita Acharya.
In ISKCON we never even heard of these names. Why?
Either because Bhaktisiddhanta never received diksha in this line, or because he so radically departed from this lineage it became irrelevant.
ISKCON's Babaji Lineage
Gaura Kishora was initiated into the Advaita Parivara as a householder. When he took the order of Babaji, he was given babaji initiation into the line of Baladeva Vidyabhusana. His guru was Bhagavat das Babaji. The line of succession then goes like this: Jagannath das Babaji, Madhusudan das Babaji, Uddhava das Babaji, then Baladeva Vidyabhusana.
It is strange ISKCON does not claim this Gaudiya luminary as a direct guru, nor do they deeply study his books. Devotees are only aware of the Govinda Bhasya. Why is this so?
Because like the diksha line, Bhaktisiddhanta was never initiated into it. Nor did he care to be. He rejected this babaji line to begin his own sanyassa lineage.
ISKCON's Siksha Lineage
ISKCON claims instead to be a siksha lineage coming from Bhaktivinode Thakur.
Bhaktivinode was initiated into the Bhaghnapar Goswami lineage. This caste goswami line traces its origins to Ramachandra Goswami, the son of Chaitanya's intimate associate Vamsivadanananda Thakura. He was adopted by Jahnavi Mata, the wife of Nityananda.
Unlike ISKCON, they are Gaura Gadadhara worshipers, who practice siddha pranali.
Bhaktivinode's guru was Bipin Bihari Goswami, whose guru was Yajneshvara Goswami. They have a family line going all the way back to Vamsivadanananda Thakur.
Lalita Prasad, another of Bhaktivinode's sons, received both siksha and diksha from his father. He went on to become a guru himself, with many disciples, loyal to his father's lineage. He established a temple in his father's birthplace.
Bhaktisiddhanta did not. Bhaktisiddhanta instead claimed to secretly receive diksha from Gaura Kishora, a siksha disciple of Bhaktivinode. Why not go directly to his father? Bhaktisiddhanta rejected the diksha line of Bhaktivinode, in the same way he rejected the diksha and babaji lines of Gaura Kishora.
Living in ISKCON, we never even heard these names. This is because Bhaktisiddhanta criticized and attacked this pedigree.
Rejecting Bhaktivinode's Guru
Bhaktisiddhanta rejected the Bhagnapara Goswamis and their ideas of birth as a prequalification. This issue was famously debated in Balighai where Bhaktisiddhanta was supposedly crowned victorious. A mob demanded his foot water threatening to riot. The police forcibly seized the champion, bathed his feet, and sprinkled it on the eager crowd, or so ISKCON tells us.
This debate wasn't against some obscure caste goswami sect. It was a public challenge to Bipin Bihari Goswami by the son of his disciple. Bhaktivinode likely pretended to be sick so he could not attend. This was to avoid disrespect to his guru.
Another issue is the establishment of Mayapura. The Bhagnapar Goswami lineage considered Navadwipa to be the place of Chaitanya's birth and activities. Gaura Kishora's bhajan kutir is in the area traditionally believed to be the place of Chaitanya's pastimes, as are the kutirs of many babajis.
Bhaktivinode and Jagannath das Babaji claimed that a new place, the village of Mayapura, in a Muslim area across the Ganges, was the true birth place of Chaitanya and the home of Srivas Thakur.
Bipin Bihari tolerated this from his disciple Bhaktivinode Thakur. Despite their disagreements there was always a relationship of mutual respect. However, after Bhaktivinode's death, Bhaktisiddhanta's movement began to spread. Bhaktisiddhanta took dramatic steps to build a temple in Mayapura, in opposition to the traditional temple in Navadwipa. Bipin Bihari openly criticized this.
During the life of Bhaktivinode, there were incidents of Bhaktisiddhanta aggressively arguing with Bipin Bihari Goswami. Once he even threw a bucket of water at him. Bhaktivinode kicked him out of his house for this. Now tensions began to seriously escalate. Bhaktivinode was no longer around to restrain his son.
This conflict became public with Bhaktisiddhanta openly denouncing the guru of his father and brother. Bipin Bihari returned the favor. Outraged by public personal attacks, the building of an unauthorized holy place, and Siddhanta Saraswati giving himself sanyassa, Bipin Bihari formally excommunicated him from the Gaudiya Vaishnava community of Navadwipa.
ISKCON doesn't talk about that!
Bhaktisiddhanta then committed the ultimate offense to the guru parampara of his father: he erased it from history. He declared Bipin Bihari's spiritual family morally bankrupt and denied them a place in the lineage tree. In Gaudiya Vaishnava culture, removing a guru from your recorded lineage is the highest form of disrespect.
Conclusion
As we see, ISKCON's guru parampara truly begins with Bhaktisiddhanta. He began his preaching activities after taking sanyassa in 1918. ISKCON's parampara is not 5000 years old. It is 108 years old.
Bhaktisiddhanta rejected his father's lineage and went to war with it. He was not initiated into it.
He claims to have been initiated by Gaura Kishora das Babaji instead. There is no record of this. Those present said it never happened. Gaura Kishora officially refused to take any disciples. Nor did Bhaktisiddhanta carry on this parampara.
He gave himself sanyassa initiation, then began an unauthorized sanyassa tradition within Gaudiya Vaishnavism. He rejected Navadwipa as the home of Chaitanya and established a separate competing holy place. All of these things were considered extremely offensive by both his father's lineage and the godfamily peer group of his own guru.
Bhaktisiddhanta rejected the authority of the entire Gaudiya community and began his own religion. Yet his disciple, A.C Bhaktivendanta Prabhupada, repeatedly claimed his authority was derived from an unbroken tradition handed down from Krishna, Brahma, Madhva and Chaitanya, using this claim to attract his own cult followers.