
How Gurus Became Tyrants
ISKCON promotes itself as a Vedic movement. It is supposedly devoted to teaching the Vedas and spreading Vedic culture. In truth ISKCON is almost entirely Tantric.
This can be seen in its rituals, mantras, and philosophy. ISKCON's Tantric roots are most clearly seen in its worship of the guru. I would argue that 50% of ISKCON's religion and culture is based around absolute submission to the guru. Krishna is almost a footnote to Prabhupada.
The Vedic Guru
During the Vedic Period (1500 BCE - 500 BCE) the guru was simply a teacher. Young men came and lived at his home, alongside the guru's wife and children. They learned reading and writing, memorized texts, and mastered rituals. In exchange the disciples offered respect and service, and upon graduating; a donation. After completing his eductation, the Snataka left to pursue his own life. The guru was not an absolute ruler over the disciple. Nor was the guru considered perfect.
The Tantric Guru
During the Tantric Period (500 CE - 1500 CE) this changed due to a combination of new and secretive religious practices, coinciding with socio-economic collapse.
Tantric practices were considered a fast track in spiritual life. They were considered dangerous, or as Prabhupada would often say, "a razors edge". A guru was required to govern every aspect of the disciples journey, which encompassed his entire life.
The guru became the physical embodiment of the deity. This could be as the god directly, or as the representative of a god. The god spoke through him. His pronouncements were more important than scripture.
Initiation was not simply birth into a lineage. The guru dissolved one's past karma. He absorbed them and magically burned them with his consciousness. The disciple owned his entire spiritual reality to the guru.
The guru business was highly competitive. The so-called secret knowledge was monopolized and protected, just as a restaurant owner protects the recipe for his secret sauce. Only the guru could decode the secret teachings, and initiate one into secret mantras.
Any resistance to total submission was condemned as the path to hell. It was disrespectful and dangerous. Once accepted, one could never leave. The deity would destroy one's soul.
Only those willing to sacrifice their very existence to the whims of the master were accepted for initiation. A qualified disciple was one who would never question and never object. He would sacrifice his ego completely. If asked, he would give his life in an instant.
From the disciples perspective, this radical submission was assumed to open one up to the Tantric gurus shakti, his power. That power arose from his ability to channel the deity. In Medieval Vaishnavism this becomes krpa or mercy. The devotee sacrifices everything for it. He crawls like a dog, degrades and humiliates himself, he exposes himself to abuse, and begs for a drop of that divine shakti. (Krpa bindu diya)
The New Maharajas
During this time, the role of gurus shifted to mirror that of India's feudal lords. The gods were re-imagined as kings of their abodes. Their heavenly realms reflected earthly kingdoms. Gurus came to be worshiped as kings, emissaries of higher realms. They were serviced with yak tail fans, umbrellas, peacock feather whisks. Followers bowed down as slaves as they walked.
To complicate matters, during this period empires collapsed and society fractured. India fell into chaos. There was constant famine and endless war. People abandoned the cities to once again live as farmers and peasants. Upward mobility ceased. Society became uneducated, superstitious, agrarian, and narrow minded. This was a breeding ground for religious fanaticism.
These new Tantric kings stepped in to fill the void. Their closed fiefdoms recreated the security of better times. India yearned to return to the idealized golden age of the Gupta Empire. Like the emperors of days gone, gurus provided a sense of safety in exchange for absolute submission.
Just as the emperor was Gods representative on earth, so was the guru. The guru could command the very forces of nature. Tantric gurus possessed magical powers on top of worldly authority.
Medieval Vaishnavism
During the period of the Medieval Bhakti Traditions (600 CE - 1600 CE), within Vaishnava communities, the authority of the Tantric guru passed to Acharyas and Saints. The guru became the sole path to salvation, the "savior of the universe", the doorway to Vaikuntah.
The Vaishnava guru was the embodiment of Vishnu or Krishna on earth. To question him is to question God. The guru is the vizier of Vishnu, his prime minister, doing his will on Earth.
During this period gurus became as powerful as Zamindars, feudal lords, commanding great amounts of wealth and land, managing it, while commanding their followers and serfs, on behalf of the deity.
Modernization
The authority of these gurus traditionally resided in their lineage. They were carefully chosen and appointed as acharyas.
In the post colonial world, with the rise of globalism, and access to mass media such as book printing, the role of guru shifted from the barer of tradition to charismatic cult leader.
Followers were won through force of personality. We can see this transformation in ISKCON's own lineage. Bhaktivinode represents a rejection of tradition and a shift towards modernization. Bhaktisiddhanta was the proto-cult guru, confined to India. Bhaktivedanta became the world evangelizing charismatic cult leader.
Prabhupada as a Tantric Guru
In a recent post, I had mentioned a morning walk where Prabhupada attacks abortion. Just because a child is defenseless does not mean you can kill it.
He uses his own disciples as an example. He asks (paraphrasing) "just because my own disciples are defenseless, fully surrendered to me, does it mean I can kill them, will the police allow it?"
A disciples enthusiastically answers "Yes!".
The disciple is eager to show he will die for Prabhupada. They all were. They were competing over who would be more surrendered. This is what Prabhupada demanded. Disciples were expected to live without boundaries, without security, without protection, sacrificing themselves completely to the guru and his mission.
This mindset is foundational in ISKCON. This is how devotees lives are structured. The movement chews them up and spits them out. It takes everything and gives them nothing, while promising only access to shakti or mercy.
Supposedly, in exchange for this total surrender, Prabhupada will reward one with spiritual illumination. This is automatic spiritual advancement. If you wish to please Krishna, you must please Prabhupada. Prabhupada is most pleased when you street sell books. That is the key to tasting Krishna's grace.
In truth, even the chanting of mantras, the deity worship etc. only causes one to make spiritual advancement because Prabhuapada and his representatives are pleased. On their own they do nothing. You have no direct connection to Krishna. We are fallen mlecchas with no hope, no rights, and no inherent connection to God. We earn that connection only through submission.
This mindset is why ISKCON devotees gradually devolve into angry "Prabhuadanuga" fanatics. After decades of frustration, they become desperate. They believe their hopes lay in Prabhuapada alone. He is their Tantric master.