



A Deep Look at Stephen Vogt's Pinch-Hitting Decisions
I scored every one of Stephen Vogt's 424 pinch-hit decisions against the counterfactual — the hitter he pulled. Verdict: dead break-even (and so is almost every manager).
Method: For all 9,996 pinch-hit plate appearances leaguewide (2024–July 2026, 6,211 games, MLB Stats API), I took MLB's own realized win-probability-added for the PA and subtracted what the pulled hitter would've been expected to add in the same spot — his season wOBA → runs above average → win units, scaled by the leverage at that PA. The difference is "decision value added," in wins. Positive = the sub beat just letting the original guy hit.
Vogt +0.0 wins over 424 decisions. 14th of 30. Mean leverage 1.58 (he saves them for pressure), and his leverage discipline has climbed every year: 1.43 → 1.55 → 1.89.
The real finding is the noise floor. A single PH swing is worth ±0.08 wins of pure variance, so a full season's error bar is ~±1 win, wider than nearly every gap in the standings. Vogt went +1.2 (2024) → −0.6 (2025) → −0.6 (2026) — all statistically indistinguishable from zero. Leaguewide, only ONE team (Seattle, −3.6) separates from zero by more than 2 SE. 16 of 30 managers are net negative. Pinch-hitting results basically can't tell managers apart, at least not without many years of data.
Full leaderboard (total wins added, 2024–26):
| Rank | Team | PH calls | Total Δ (wins) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Diamondbacks | 336 | +1.89 |
| 2 | Rockies | 284 | +1.62 |
| 3 | Twins | 362 | +1.04 |
| 4 | Braves | 269 | +1.03 |
| 5 | Phillies | 248 | +0.74 |
| 6 | Blue Jays | 365 | +0.61 |
| 7 | Dodgers | 325 | +0.54 |
| 8 | Cubs | 335 | +0.29 |
| 9 | Royals | 361 | +0.18 |
| 10 | Mets | 322 | +0.17 |
| 11 | Astros | 315 | +0.09 |
| 12 | Nationals | 280 | +0.05 |
| 13 | Red Sox | 370 | +0.04 |
| 14 | Guardians (Vogt) | 424 | +0.00 |
| 15 | Marlins | 404 | −0.06 |
| 16 | Orioles | 313 | −0.07 |
| 17 | Yankees | 224 | −0.34 |
| 18 | Pirates | 287 | −0.55 |
| 19 | Giants | 314 | −0.72 |
| 20 | Angels | 269 | −0.80 |
| 21 | Cardinals | 263 | −0.88 |
| 22 | Athletics | 339 | −0.89 |
| 23 | Brewers | 388 | −0.96 |
| 24 | Tigers | 521 | −0.99 |
| 25 | Reds | 317 | −1.05 |
| 26 | Rangers | 372 | −1.66 |
| 27 | White Sox | 388 | −2.08 |
| 28 | Rays | 302 | −2.45 |
| 29 | Padres | 329 | −2.85 |
| 30 | Mariners | 370 | −3.58 |
TL;DR: measured by results, pinch-hitting is a coin flip that nets to zero, and Vogt lands exactly at the median.