u/ig_grr

I'm building a web application and need to implement one authentication/authorization mechanism for a project.

I'm considering:

• JWT
• JWE
• Database-backed sessions

Which approach would you recommend for a typical web application, and why? I'm especially interested in security, complexity, scalability, and ease of implementation.

Thanks!

I'm building a web application and need to implement one authentication/authorization mechanism for a project.

I'm considering:

• JWT
• JWE
• Database-backed sessions

Which approach would you recommend for a typical web application, and why? I'm especially interested in security, complexity, scalability, and ease of implementation.

Thanks!

I bricked my Firefly 1S Nano Baby V2 (FR/ELRS version) during a firmware update and I'm stuck. Hoping someone with this exact board can help me locate the BOOT pad.

Board: FLYWOOF405S_AIO, STM32F405, built-in ELRS 2.4GHz. Was on BF 4.5.0, tried to flash 2025.12.5.

What happened:

• Entered DFU via CLI bl, board showed as DFU
• Flashed with Full chip erase ON + No reboot sequence ON
• Flash never completed — I never saw the green "Programming: SUCCESSFUL"
• Since then the FC won't connect at all

What it does now:

• On USB (no battery) an LED blinks weakly/briefly, sometimes keeps blinking
• Does NOT show up as COM or DFU — "Select your device" stays empty
• Tried multiple data cables + different USB ports
• Not detected on either Windows or Mac
• ImpulseRC Driver Fixer failed on Windows ("port COM3 denied", then "error code-9")

My guess: full chip erase wiped it but the write never finished, so firmware is empty → board can't enumerate on its own and bl no longer works. I also read the built-in ELRS RX can block DFU on these small AIOs.

Where I'm stuck: I need to force DFU via hardware, but I cannot find a BOOT button or a labeled BOOT pad on the board. The F411 wiring diagrams from Flywoo show an "FC BOOT" pad but my board is the F405 version and looks different, and I can't spot it.

Questions:

1. Anyone with the F405 version of this board — where exactly is the FC BOOT pad? (bottom side? near the MCU?)
2. Do I need to short the ELRS pads to disable the RX before DFU will work?
3. Any recovery trick I'm missing before I send it to Flywoo?

https://preview.redd.it/hk5g9fwsrcfh1.png?width=2160&format=png&auto=webp&s=6766a01ade7f378ae62fd9208ad3bf4146757e78