Waiving right to see letters of recommendation
A lot of people seem to be gearing up to apply to Ph.D. programs, so I wanted to provide one piece of advice that I haven't seen come up recently. I am a PI and admissions committee member in a biomedical Ph.D. program, and I have read a lot of applications. For US applications, especially at public institutions, students often have the right to request the letters of recommendation. May seem weird, I understand, but it is there. I cannot emphasize this enough: you MUST waive this right.
Your letter writers will be told if you have waived this right or not. If you do not, it means they know you will be able to read their letter. They will write this differently than if they know it is confidential. As an admissions committee member, I know that they have written it differently and I will discount these letters. I will interpret a great letter as average and an average letter as poor. The applicant also comes across as suspicious, unconfident, and distrusting. It does you more harm than good. WAIVE THE RIGHT TO SEE THE LETTERS.