Despite its reputation, India’s per-unit space launch cost highest: study
Link to original study:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165176526003782
India, according to an analysis of more than six decades of space missions, simply does not launch often enough to bring its costs down.
India spends more to put a kilogram of payload into orbit than any other major spacefaring nation, marring its public image as a cost-effective launcher, according to a new peer-reviewed analysis of more than six decades of rocket launches published in Economics Letters.
The authors, Alessio Terzi of the University of Cambridge and Francesco Nicoli of Politecnico di Torino, estimate that it cost $13,302 to send a kilogram to low-earth orbit on Indian rockets in 2025 — higher than Europe ($9,897), Russia ($6,682), China ($5,809) and Japan ($5,287), and the U.S. ($3,225). The global average was $3,868.