I’m curious if there are any alternatives to using CFD for getting lift, drag, and moment values for airfoils (and 3D wings) at angles of attack greater than about 20 degrees.
Are there versions of source/vortex methods that can approximate stall/flow separation? Flow separation is incredibly unsteady, so I’m thinking something like time averaged forces. Maybe something built from empirical data?
The application of this at least in my case is to get force and moment data of an aircraft (something simple, just lifting surfaces and a slender body fuselage) that can be used as lookup table data for flight simulation.
That brings me to a followup question, how do flight simulations such as Microsoft flight sim or Xplane figure out stall or high crosswind characteristics? I imagine some aircraft can use real data from someone purposely stalling an aircraft like a small Cessna, but certainly not for large aircraft like jets, right?