r/BiologyIndia

Hey I got intrest in biology and pcmb student but also like art, painting and digital art for job perspective what should I choose

IBS is a chronic disorder, which involves the way the digestive system works, without any apparent structural damage to the intestines. Typical symptoms of IBS include abdominal pain, bloating, excess gas, constipation, diarrhoea or a combination of both. It's not fatal but it can impact a person's quality of life, impacting work, sleep, social interactions and emotional wellbeing.

Female reproductive hormones play a significant role in the increased incidence of IBS among women, and one of the most compelling explanations is that these hormones can trigger IBS symptoms. Oestrogen and progesterone have a significant influence on a number of functions in the body, including digestion. These hormones can impact the rate at which food passes through the intestines, change the sensitivity of the bowel, and impact the brain's processing of pain signals.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritable\_bowel\_syndrome

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome/definition-facts

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4051916/

The skeletal remains at Roopkund, located in the Himalayan region, have been puzzling archaeologists and visitors for many years now. Previous theories about their origins assumed that all the skeletons came from one fatal event; however, the landscape of the site left plenty of room for speculation. The bones were scattered randomly and lacked the characteristics of a regular grave site, leaving plenty of space for conjecture. Roopkund became an unusual case of archaeological inquiry because its physical layout was clear, even as its human history remained unknown. According to a study published in the Nature Communications journal, the researchers decided to go straight to the source and use the samples from the bones in order to unravel the mystery behind the bones.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-11357-9

https://www.shh.mpg.de/1824772/roopkund-lake-analysis-makes-nature-communications-top-25

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roopkund

https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20210705-the-unsolved-mystery-of-skeleton-lake

In a major breakthrough, doctors at Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST) have successfully performed a blood-filtering procedure to wash harmful, bad cholesterol directly out of a patient’s blood, significantly reducing her future cardiac risk.

The advanced procedure, known as LDL apheresis, acts like a filter to clear out dangerous fats that regular medications fail to control, making SCTIMST one of the few select centres in India to offer the therapy. The landmark procedure was conducted on a 34-year-old woman suffering from Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia (HoFH), a rare genetic condition that causes extremely high cholesterol levels from a young age.

The patient already had severe premature coronary artery disease and had undergone a coronary artery bypass surgery at a young age of 24. Despite taking the maximum tolerable doses of multiple cholesterol-lowering medications, her low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or bad cholesterol’ levels remained dangerously high at 500mg, showing limited improvement.

During the three-hour procedure, blood was drawn from the patient and passed through an apheresis machine to separate the plasma from the blood cells.

This plasma was then directed through a specialised adsorption column that trapped the LDL cholesterol before the treated plasma was recombined with the blood cells and safely returned to the patient. The process successfully brought the patient’s LDL level down from 500mg to an optimal 40mg.

Dr Harikrishnan S, head of cardiology at SCTIMST, explained that this is a specialised treatment for a rare disease affecting a few families under their care, some of whom had previously lost members because conventional medicines could not lower their abnormally high cholesterol.

The first weeks after a baby comes into the world are critical for growth, development and overall health. This is when a baby's body and brain grow quickly, and parents get used to having a baby. For many families, one of the major choices they must make is how to provide for their baby's needs when it comes to feeding. Although breastfeeding is recommended as the best source of nutrition, it is also important to know that infant formula can provide a safe, nutritionally complete alternative when breastfeeding is not an option.

The World Health Organization (WHO) and Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) advise exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life as far as possible. Breast milk is specifically formulated to provide the infant with the nutrition he or she needs and contains a mixture of nutrients that can never be duplicated.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://iapdelhi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Breast-Feeding-IAP-Delhi.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiY-J\_036eVAxUkSWwGHWdDEy0QFnoECC0QAQ&sqi=2&usg=AOvVaw3CTPDUHEVcup-vkLR379kS

https://www.who.int/health-topics/breastfeeding#tab=tab\_1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breastfeeding

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK304199/

Tamil Nadu is set to deploy India’s first 3D-printed artificial reef modules in coastal waters as part of an ambitious marine habitat restoration initiative under the second phase of the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana. Scheduled off the Ramanathapuram coast on Sunday, it will serve as a pilot to assess the performance of six newly developed reef designs created through advanced 3D-printing technology.

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The modules, each weighing about 1 tonne, were developed by Chennai-based startup Tvasta, an IIT Madras-incubated company, in collaboration with Visakhapatnam Regional Centre of the ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, led by principal scientist and head Dr Joe K Kizhakudan.

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Unlike conventional artificial reefs made from reinforced concrete structures, the new modules feature complex geometries with multiple crevices, folds and attachment surfaces designed to enhance biodiversity. They are manufactured without iron reinforcement and incorporate material innovations aimed at increasing porosity and creating substrates more suitable for marine organisms, including corals, sponges and other reef-associated fauna. These modules will be deployed about two nautical miles offshore.

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“The objective so far has been fish habitat restoration and strengthening the resilience of coastal communities. These new-generation modules provide immense possibilities because they allow greater structural complexity, higher surface area, and species-specific habitat design,” Dr Kizhakudan told TNIE. He pointed out that the technology offers significant advantages over traditional reef modules, including faster fabrication, reduced labour requirements and flexibility to alter material composition according to site-specific ecological needs.

The Oriental pied hornbill is not native to Delhi. It is largely a Terai and Himalayan foothill species, with historical records noting only scattered sightings in the 1940s and early 1970s. After decades of silence, isolated reports began surfacing again after 2013. According to birder Sudhir Vyas, these birds may be long-lived escapees from captivity or wandering vagrants that have dispersed unusually far south into the Indo-Gangetic plains.

Delhi now appears to have at least two — both believed to be females. One is frequently spotted around Jamia Millia Islamia; the other has transfixed birders at Lodhi Garden.

On Friday morning, observers watched the female pied hornbill arrive repeatedly at the nest cavity, regurgitating berries and fruit into the narrow slit. Two beaks emerged from inside to accept the food. Moments later, the resident male grey hornbill would arrive and feed the chicks in turn. The coexistence was not always peaceful: during one feeding round, the pied hornbill aggressively chased the male grey hornbill around the tree before returning to the nest herself.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbill

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian\_grey\_hornbill

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental\_pied\_hornbill

Your heart may be older than you think, say doctors, warning that as obesity rates rise in India, many people may have a 'cardiac age' significantly older than their actual age, raising the risk of cardiovascular disease much earlier than expected.

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The concern comes in the wake of findings from the National Family Health Survey-6 (NFHS-6), which showed a sharp increase in obesity among Indian adults.

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The survey found that 30.7 per cent of women aged 15-49 years were overweight or obese in 2023-24, up from 24 per cent in NFHS-5 (2019-21), while the proportion among men rose from 22.9 per cent to 27.3 per cent.

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https://www.nfhsiips.in/nfhsuser/index.php

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https://www.who.int/india/health-topics/cardiovascular-diseases

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https://world-heart-federation.org/world-heart-observatory/countries/india/

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https://www.fortishealthcare.com/blogs/overview-cardiovascular-health-india

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https://healthcare-bulletin.co.uk/article/cardiac-health-in-the-diabetic-population-of-india-awareness-of-risk-preventive-behaviors-and-clinical-outcomes-4111/

When a group of researchers repeatedly heard from local fishermen about a distinctive dark-coloured fish in the middle stretches of the Cauvery River near Shivanasamudra and nearby regions in Karnataka, they were intrigued.

Initially, the fishermen considered the fish, ‘Kaage Meenu’, to be a local carp. However, its unusual blackish colouration and distinct body features immediately attracted the researchers’ attention, as it did not closely resemble the commonly known Labeo nigrescens species from the Cauvery system.

The fishermen helped the team obtain specimens from their catches, which led to the fish being identified as a new species — the Labeo kaage, previously unknown to science.

Researchers Rahul G Kumar, Charan Ravi, Krishnaprasoon NP and VS Basheer were involved in the discovery of the fish, and their findings were accepted and published in the Journal of Fish Biology on 26 March 2026.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jfb.70446

https://www.google.com/amp/s/indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/new-fish-species-labeo-kaage-discovered-cauvery-karnataka-10687696/lite/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labeo

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/labeo

In a rare medical feat, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, has claimed to have successfully removed the "world's largest gallbladder stone" through a laparoscopic procedure, a minimally invasive surgical technique.

As per a press statement issued by the university, the gallbladder stone measured 14 cm x 8.3 cm x 4.2 cm and weighed about 200 grams. The procedure was performed by gastro surgeon Dr Kanhaiya Lal Chaudhary and his team on a 62-year-old woman suffering from abdominal pain and digestive problems for a prolonged period.

The Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences (UPUMS) said that such exceptionally large gallstones are generally considered suitable for removal through open surgery because of the technical challenges involved. However, Dr Chaudhary and his team carried out the operation using laparoscopic techniques and successfully removed the stone after a complex surgery.

https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/up-worlds-largest-gallbladder-stone-removed-with-laparoscopic-surgery-at-saifai-medical-college/3718894

https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/patient-information-for-laparoscopic-gallbladder-removal-cholecystectomy-from-sages/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallbladder

The experts cited data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), which found that vaccination coverage among older adults remains abysmally low (less than 3%). The coverage was 2.75% for tetanus-diphtheria vaccination, 1.82% for hepatitis B, 1.59% for influenza and just 0.74% for pneumococcal vaccination.

https://www.iipsindia.ac.in/lasi

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9365624/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza

https://www.who.int/india/health-topics/influenza-seasonal

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4193176/

In a remarkable wildlife development that has thrilled conservationists and forest officials alike, one of India's rarest and most elusive wild cats, the Caracal, has been recorded in a camera trap inside Madhya Pradesh's Kuno National Park after decades. 

The sighting, announced around World Environment Day, is being hailed as a significant indicator of the improving ecological health of the Kuno landscape. 

The Caracal, often called the "ghost of the grasslands" because of its rarity and secretive behaviour, was captured during a recent camera-trap survey conducted by forest officials. The species is instantly recognizable by its striking black-tufted ears, powerful build and exceptional hunting abilities. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caracal

https://india.mongabay.com/2025/04/a-caracal-captured-on-a-camera-trap-renews-conservation-efforts/amp/

https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/6477

https://www.kunonationalpark.org/

The first-ever video footage of a herd of the elusive Mishmi Takin have been recorded in the Tingda Reserve Forest of North Sikkim, marking one of the most significant confirmed sightings of the vulnerable species in the state in over two decades.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mishmi\_takin

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https://www.downtoearth.org.in/wildlife-biodiversity/where-myth-meets-muscle

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https://www.highlandwildlifepark.org.uk/animals/animal-inhabitants/mishmi-takin

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takin

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List\_of\_Reserve\_Forests\_of\_India

Scientists from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have discovered two previously unknown hoverfly species in the Gangetic plains of West Bengal. The species have been named Eristalinus sapphirinus and Eristalinus brunettii. This is a significant finding because it is the first addition to India's known Eristalinus hoverfly fauna in more than 100 years, with the last major contribution dating back to 1923.