
Ethiopian Pinochet | Haile Fida (1939–2020)
Haile Fida's imposition of a planned economy had a negative effect on Ethiopia, as it was a mountainous, landlocked country with poor infrastructure. Economic growth throughout the 1980s was slow and a huge chunk of the government budget was spent on the military and police.
Finally, the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 deprived Ethiopia of the massive Soviet aid it received, triggering a large-scale famine that killed 600,000 Ethiopians by 1995. The famine led Fida to announce a "Second Revolution", consisting of Chinese-style reforms, at the MEISON's 1995 Party Congress.
During the next five years, Ethiopia replaced its command economy with a socialist market economy, turning Addis Ababa into a special economic zone and allowing small-scale private agriculture. Furthermore, Ethiopia established strong diplomatic relations with the United States, which saw Ethiopia as a bulwark against hostile Somalia to the east.
By the mid-2000s, Ethiopia's economy was growing again as a result of the reforms. It even grew faster than the economy of Somalia. Despite these economic reforms, Fida did not democratize Ethiopia, and the country remained a one-party state where all opposition was suppressed by intelligence chief Mengistu Haile Mariam.
The 2010s saw a slight move away from the western sphere as Ethiopia expanded diplomatic and economic relations with Russia and China, but Ethiopia did not deemphasize its links with the West. Also, Ethiopia intervened in support of Ethiopia's government by participating in the African Union's military intervention in the country.
Fida's old age led to a struggle for succession between the members of his entourage. On 14 August 2017, Fida formally chose Haile Menkerios as his successor, a choice that proved to be popular with the Ethiopian people due to Menkerios's diplomatic experience.
In January 2020, Fida was hospitalized with cancer. Doctors spent months trying to save him, but to no avail, as he died on 18 March 2020, at the age of 81. He was the second-longest ruling Ethiopian leader, behind Haile Selassie.
Fida received a state funeral that had been planned for months. It was attended by 13 million Ethiopians from all walks of life, but people diagnosed with COVID-19 were barred from the event.
During his four-decade rule, Fida was surrounded by a cult of personality that drew upon both Marxism-Leninism and traditional Ethiopian cultural elements such as Oriental Orthodox iconography. As such, Ethiopians refer to him with the title of Father of the Nation, and criticizing him is illegal in Ethiopia even after his death.