u/GustavoistSoldier

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lavrentiy\_Beria&oldid=1355412122

Following its defeat and collapse in 1947, Chef Jacques Dutroux's Fascist France was occupied by the United States, United Kingdom and monarchist Germany, and lost all of its overseas territories. Most of the fascist regime's surviving leaders were tried and punished for crimes against humanity.

On 12 April 1950, French sovereignty was restored, and France became a parliamentary republic closely aligned with the United States. From 1950 to 1962, SFIO leader Guy Mollet served as the prime minister of France, creating the European Economic Community and implementing a modern welfare state.

Postwar France quickly experienced an economic recovery and boom that restored the country's status as a great power, but France lacked any ability to project power outside of Western Europe, and it remained subordinate to the United States. Rather, it was the German military dictatorship which developed nuclear weapons and remained outside of the unified NATO command.

The 1962 French parliamentary elections brought a Christian democratic government led by Georges Bidault to power. Bidault controversially had Dutroux's remains reburied in the Basilica of Saint-Denis in order to reunite France, and he failed to deliver the economic reforms he promised. Consequently, the SFIO returned to power in 1966, with Gaston Deferre.

Deferre, who served until 1978, proved to be the last of the great SFIO prime ministers, as France eventually got tired of Socialist rule and elected Raymond Barre prime minister. Barre partially liberalized France's economy and sought to play a key role in containing the Soviet Union, which survived to this day due to never being invaded during WWII.

From the 1980s onwards, immigration to France increased, leading to a rise in neo-fascism as represented by Le Pen. But the far-right remained marginal until the 2010s as the centre-left and centre-right continued to alternate themselves in power.

As of May 2026, Benoit Hamon is the Prime Minister of France. He has lukewarm approval ratings, and RN is a frontrunner in the polls for the next French general election.

The FNLO was founded in Tehran, Pahlavi Iran, on 18 May 1964, by a group of 50 Omani nationalist activists led by Cipriano Batista and Francisco Amorim. These activists had been organizing for five years by this point, and were all mixed-race intellectuals from Muscat.

Despite being in the same ideological camp as Salazar, the Shah of Iran allowed the FNLO to secretly set up training camps on Iranian territory. These camps were run with the assistance of the SAVAK, which helped train Omani guerrillas in small arms and guerrilla tactics.

While the FNLO and the FPLO fought the same enemy, they did not consider themselves allies, and constantly fought both each other and the Portuguese. In 1972, the two national liberation movements briefly formed a coalition government, but it collapsed as soon as the FPLO declared Oman an independent socialist state.

On 26 August 1972, Cipriano Batista proclaimed the Republic of Oman, a rival government opposing the Marxist Democratic Republic of Oman. The Republic of Oman (not to be confused with the current Omani government) was quickly recognized by Iran, Israel and Saudi Arabia, but the vast majority of the international community, including the United States, refused to recognize it.

The First Republic of Oman was almost indistinguishable from the FNLO, and its fortunes were tied to those of the former. Cipriano Batista spent much of the Omani Civil War sketching his vision for Oman as a Christian democracy opposed to Arab nationalism and communism, while Francisco Amorim controlled the war effort.

By the time the Omani Civil War ended in 1992, one-third to one-fourth of Oman's population had died, a significant number had fled the country, and Oman's infrastructure was in ruins. Batista and his FPLO counterpart Vicente de Alencar put their differences aside and merged the two wartime governments into the State of Oman, which was eventually replaced by the FNLO-controlled Second Republic of Oman.

The FNLO has ruled Oman ever since as a dominant-party state resembling Singapore and Russia. Oman's economic elite and criminal underworld have close ties to the party, which relies primarily on their funding.

In addition to the regular party organisation, the FNLO runs a youth wing and a women's wing, both of whom have proven effective in mobilizing Omanis in the party's support, a newspaper, the Diário de Mascate, and TV and radio stations.

As a Christian democratic party, the FNLO is a member of the International Democracy Union and the Centrist Democratic International. It has close party-to-party relations with Likud and the AKP.

Alexandre Fagundes Batista was born in Muscat, Portuguese Oman, on 25 November 1960, to intellectual and independence activist Cipriano Batista and his wife Rosa Batista (né Fagundes). The Batistas are a Portuguese-Arab mestizo family first recorded in 1768.

The first of five children, Alexandre spent much of his childhood being raised by his mother and uncles, because his father was involved in the Omani War of Independence against Portugal. Alexandre studied at a clandestine school set up by the FNLO near Muscat, where he learned Omani history as well as geography, mathematics and Portuguese.

Upon turning 18 years old in 1978, Alexandre was enlisted in his father's National Liberation Army of Oman (ENLO), becoming an infantry officer in the ENLO's 8th Infantry Brigade. By the mid-1980s, Alexandre was the commander of the brigade, which was the ENLO's "elite" unit and was widely suspected of committing war crimes.

In 1988, Alexandre married 23 year old Catholic school teacher Joelma Alcântara in what FNLO supporters saw as the equivalent of a royal wedding. They have six children: Davi (born 1992), Pedro (born 1995), Alexandra (born 1997), Elias (born 1999), Maria (born 2001) and Felipe (born 2004).

After the civil war ended in 1992, Alexandre began studying law at Muscat State University. He graduated three years later and received a doctorate of law, but some Omanis have said Alexandre's degree was nepotistic with everyone afraid of giving him a low score.

Alexandre then worked as an elite lawyer before being elected to the National Assembly in 1997. He won his seat nearly unopposed as the FPLO refused to put up a candidate, and was reelected by landslide margins in 2002 and 2007.

During his congressional tenure, Alexandre was the chairman of the National Assembly's Commission on Oil and Hydrocarbons, as well as deputy majority leader. Alexandre has been widely accused of corruption related to oil and natural gas reserves in the Republic of Oman, but he denies all such accusations.

While Alexandre describes himself as a Christian democrat, economic liberal and civic nationalist, some have accused him of adopting a far-right and Christian supremacist agenda after returning to office in 2024, and of following a policy of crony capitalism. Alexandre considers himself a Zionist and friend of Benjamin Netanyahu, whom he describes as "Oman's greatest ally".

Another trait of Alexandre that stands out is his frequent use of Twitter. He tweets multiple times a day and is a friend of Elon Musk, who has opened a Tesla factory in Dubai.

Much of the Republic of Oman's national identity derives from its status as a "Christian island on a Muslim sea", as famous Omani poet Francisco Monteiro once put it. Omani Muslims are frequently alienated as a result, but there has never been any large-scale persecution of them, just communal violence.

Politically, the Republic of Oman is a unitary presidential republic divided into 17 provinces and the capital district of Muscat. Over the last few decades, there have been increasing calls for the Trucial States to receive autonomy (not to mention an independence movement), but the FNLO has resisted both demands.

Omani society is very conservative. Abortion is illegal except when the mother's life is at risk, and the constitution of Oman has been amended to outlaw same-sex marriage. Discrimination and violence against LGBT Omanis are common. Prostitution and drugs other than alcohol and tobacco are also banned.

The Republic of Oman still has the death penalty, but the last execution was a murderer who was euthanized in 2015, and no death sentences have been issued since. The Omani mafia is fairly powerful, controlling a wide range of criminal activities from drug trafficking to prostitution, and being rumoured to have connections with the ruling FNLO.

Oil wealth has allowed the Republic of Oman to become one one of the world's most developed countries, with a literacy rate of 99% and an HDI of 0.908. The majority of Omanis have a very high standard of living, but income inequality is high, with oligarchs tied to the ruling party controlling much of the country's wealth.

The Republic of Oman joined the UN in January 1973, and has been a non-permanent member of the Security Council several times. It is also the only non-Muslim member of the Gulf Cooperation Council, and formally joined the OECD in 2023 (refusing to join BRICS due to the FNLO's pro-western orientation).

The Republic of Oman's football federation was founded in 1972, and the country has qualified for three world cups: 2006, 2022 and 2026. Oman (Muscat) has taken part in every edition of the Summer Olympics since 1996, winning medals every now and then.

86 Omani combat aircraft and 200 drones took part in the opening airstrikes of the Iran War. The Omani Air Force did a lot of damage to Iranian air defences and installations, but Iran retaliated by launching hundreds of missiles and drones against Oman.

When Ali Khamenei was killed, Alexandre Batista publicly celebrated his killing as a "victory for the free world" and continued to attack Iranian infrastructure with warplanes and drones in coordination with the United States and Israel.

Batista is a close friend of Donald Trump, who referred to his Omani counterpart as a "really tough guy" and "strong on terrorism". Just like AIPAC, Omani lobbies have been active in America, paying politicians to vote according to the Batista regime's interests.

Polls show the Omani public is divided when it comes to Oman's involvement in the war. 42% of Omanis approve of it, but 46% support neutrality. Batista has dismissed these polls as false and claimed the majority of Omanis support Oman against Iran.

The FPLO has echoed the plurality view, calling for an end to hostilities with Iran and a non-aligned foreign policy focusing on integration with the rest of the developing world. Local party offices have organized demonstrations against the intervention, albeit without endorsement from the national leadership, which is more careful.

President Batista has taken advantage of the war to further centralize power in his hands and weaken democratic institutions. On 2 March 2026, six antiwar activists were arrested in Muscat for "disturbing the peace", a charge human rights groups condemned as false. Several NGOs pressured for the Muscat Six to be released, but they were eventually sentenced to sentences ranging from 6 months to one year in prison.

During an interview with the BBC on 12 April 2026, Alexandre Batista defended his invasion of the Imamate of Oman and participation in the Iran War on the grounds of "fighting terrorism", and said he hoped the Islamic Republic was overthrown and replaced with a democratic government.

Arábia Portuguesa | Portuguese Oman (1507–1972)

In 1650, the Portuguese defeated the Yarubids' second siege of Muscat, and began a military campaign against the Yarubids, who were subjugated by 1665. From this point onwards, Portuguese Oman thrived thanks to its trade connections to the Portuguese holdings in India and Zanzibar.

The Portuguese promoted large-scale miscegenation, with Portuguese settlers marrying Arab women and Muslim children being converted to Catholicism. Over time, this led to the development of a unique Omani culture that syncretized Portuguese and Arab elements.

During Nader Shah's reign, the Portuguese paid tribute to Afsharid Iran to prevent it from invading Oman. Napoleon later planned to capture Muscat and use it as a springboard to invade India, but these plans never came to fruition.

The early 19th century saw an increase in activity from Arab pirates, which the Portuguese struggled to contain. King Dom João VI requested British help, and a perpetual maritime truce was eventually signed in 1846, allowing the Portuguese colonizers to attempt to conquer the Omani hinterland.

These attempts were a disastrous failure, and the Imamate held out, because the tribes of mountainous Oman were fiercely independent. The Trucial States, on the other hand, were integrated into Oman one by one, with the last – Abu Dhabi – being annexed in 1900.

A major butterfly effect of Portuguese Oman was that, with the Arab slave trade not reaching the Congo, Leopold II of Belgium never obtained control of the region, which was divided by the British, French and Portuguese. During WWI, the Imamate made a final attempt to conquer Muscat, but it ended in utter failure.

The Portuguese Estado Novo paid particular attention to Oman, which Salazar saw as a model colony. From 1930 to 1960, the colonial economy grew considerably, including the discovery of oil in 1958.

Alexandre Batista's return to office greatly increased tensions between the pro-Israeli Republic of Oman headquartered in Muscat, and the pro-Iranian Imamate of Oman with its capital in Nizwa. The weaker Imamate took a decisive stance, while the Republic sought to revive the struggle of the 19th-century Portuguese colonizers to conquer the Omani hinterland.

From August 2025 to June 2025, there were border clashes in the Jebel Akhdar that resulted in the deaths of 18 Republican and 72 Imamate soldiers. Imam Khalid al-Jebeli, who had proven himself adept at negotiations between the Imamate's tribes, attempted to cut a deal with Batista, but negotiations collapsed by mid-2025, because the Imam refused to leave the Axis of Resistance.

The Republic believed this exhausted all options other than military action. Thus, at the wee hours of 13 June 2025, Batista announced Oman was launching an "anti-terrorist operation" (operação antiterrorista) to overthrow al-Jebeli and "free the Jebeli people" by installing an anti-Iranian Imam in Nizwa.

Al-Khalid promptly mobilized his military and sent it to the frontlines, but his nation had a population of less than one million versus almost 10 million for the Republic, and even his regular military was more of a tribal militia than a modern army. The Imam's Armed Forces lacked tanks and combat aircraft, and their best hope was for Omanis to oppose the war; this didn't happen, as a poll showed 94% of Omanis supported the invasion.

Furthermore, Iran could not supply its ally as it was surrounded by enemies from all sides. Within a week of the invasion, the Republic had captured all roads outside Nizwa, which was bombed into oblivion by the Omani Air Force. It is estimated 500 to 700 civilians died in these bombings, leading to international condemnation.

The siege of Nizwa was eventually launched on 23 June 2025. Five days later, Al-Jebeli, President Ahmed al-Dhahirahi, and Prime Minister Mahmoud were killed in a special forces raid, and the anti-Iranian Rashid al-Nizwali was elected Imam. The Imamate was not annexed because it had been a member of the UN since 1976.

Republican troops suppressed all resistance from al-Jebeli loyalists, and continued to occupy the Imamate until 13 October 2025, when they withdrew. International news outlets described the invasion of the Imamate as a sign the Republic of Oman was on the horizon.

During Tiago Fagundes's presidency, it was widely assumed that Fagundes was just a puppet and that First Vice President Alexandre Batista was the de facto leader of Oman. These assumptions were proven correct on 19 November 2023, when Fagundes announced he would not run for reelection and that he was running for the National Assembly instead.

On 26 November, Batista announced his intention to run for a third term as president in a tweet, making him Oman's president-in-waiting. The FNLO would formally nominate him as its presidential candidacy on 15 January 2024, when the FLNO national convention was held in Muscat.

This convention drafted an economically liberal and socially conservative platform, emphasizing opposition to abortion and gay marriage and the importance of close ties with Israel, Oman's fellow non-Muslim middle eastern country. Polls showed Batista having an overwhelming lead over the possibile FPLO nominees.

The FPLO nominated Fábio Albuquerque, a former MP who advocated for a change in socio-economic policy, the development of an industrial sector and new industrialization, which requires the nationalization of the mineral resource base. Albuquerque also promised to create a wealth tax on the richest Omanis.

Sebastião da Nóbrega, the staunch Omani nationalist, mounted another campaign for the presidency, but he lost all of his momentum from 2020 due to Batista being on the ballot and COVID restrictions no longer being a factor. Consequently, da Nóbrega won just 46,266 votes (1.11% of the vote).

Batista won the election by a landslide in what was seen as a foregone conclusion. Albuquerque obtained the worst result for a FPLO candidate in history; exit polls showed that 91% of voters born after the end of the Omani Civil War in 1992 voted for Batista, whose family has generally led Oman during this period.

The constitutional amendments passed with a majority of over three-fourths of seats, showing how the FPLO was quickly becoming a controlled opposition party just like Zyuganov's Russian Communists.

FPLO general secretary Cristóvão Teixeira Jr. strongly criticized these amendments, calling them a political ploy for Alexandre Batista to return to office earlier, and polls showed the Omani public was divided on the matter.

Despite their divisiveness, the amendments served their purpose, because Batista won a third term in office in 2024 and the FNLO kept its majority in parliament and the Supreme Court.

President Alexandre Batista was constitutionally ineligible to run for a third term. There was widespread speculation as to who would succeed him, with the most cited candidates being his sister Madalena Batista, minister of foreign affairs Francisco Medeiros, and first vice president Tiago Fagundes.

On 16 January 2020, the FNLO's national convention officially nominated Fagundes for President. Initially, Fagundes ran as a third term of Batista, pledging to continue the Batista legacy, but when COVID-19 became a serious problem, his focus changed to the pandemic.

The FPLO's presidential nominee was Daniel Linhares, an obscure MP from Dubai who was not a household name to anybody other than his constituents. Linhares promised to increase taxes on the wealthy, add a prescription drug benefit to Oman's universal healthcare program, and create a windfall profits tax on oil.

Sebastião da Nóbrega, chairman of the ultranationalist National Democratic Movement (MDN), contested the presidential election on a platform of opposing COVID-19 restrictions and withdrawing Oman from the WHO. Economically, da Nóbrega supported protectionism and preferential treatment of Omani businesses.

COVID-19 gave the FNLO a rally around the flag effect, allowing Fagundes to be elected by a 51-point margin. He became the first presidential nominee in Omani history to win a majority or plurality of the vote in every province, and the first FNLO candidate to carry Dubai.

Downballot races wise, the FNLO won 185 parliamentary seats versus 34 for the FPLO and one (da Nóbrega) for the MDN.

Fagundes' presidency was essentially a continuation of Batista's. Fagundes pursued the same liberal economic, conservative social and hawkish foreign policies as his predecessor, with the only major changes being the reduction of presidential terms from 5 to 4 years and the expansion of parliament from 220 to 360 seats.