The theory says that a three-centimeter-long (1.2") copper-jacketed lead-core rifle bullet from a Model 91/38 Carcano, fired from the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository, passed through President Kennedy's neck into Governor Connally's chest, went through his right wrist, and embedded itself in Connally's left thigh. If so, this bullet traversed a back brace, 15 layers of clothing, seven layers of skin, and approximately 15 inches (38 cm) of muscle tissue, and pulverized 4 inches (10 cm) of Connally's rib, and shattered his radius bone.[citation needed] The bullet was found on a gurneyin the corridor at Parkland Memorial Hospitalafter the assassination. The Warren Commission found that this gurney was the one that had carried Governor Connally.[4]

This theory was subsequently proven incorrect

For context, the Social Revolutionaries, a democratic socialist party in Russia, won the 1917 Constituent Assembly election before it was dissolved by Lenin's Bolsheviks. They were then persecuted as part of the Red Terror, which led to many joining the Whites. But as the war progressed, the anti-socialist Whites began to marginalize then purge the SRs.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1917_Russian_Constituent_Assembly_election

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miracle\_of\_the\_House\_of\_Brandenburg

During WWII, the U.S. Marine Corps used Navajo Code Talkers throughout the Pacific to transmit tactical information by radio. They weren’t simply speaking ordinary Navajo, the system combined the Navajo language with a specially developed military code, allowing messages to be sent and translated extremely quickly. Japanese forces intercepted the transmissions but were never able to successfully decipher the code, giving U.S. forces a major communications advantage in battles across the Pacific.

Context: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humorism#Four_humors

Humorism, the humoral theory, or humoralism, was a system of medicine detailing a supposed makeup and workings of the human body, adopted by Ancient Greek and Roman physicians and philosophers.^([1])

Humorism began to fall out of favor in the 17th century and it was definitively disproved with the discovery of microbes.

Even though humorism theory had several models that used two, three, and five components, the most famous model consists of the four humors described by Hippocrates and developed further by Galen. The four humors of Hippocratic medicine are black bile (Greek: μέλαινα χολή, melaina chole), yellow bile (Greek: ξανθὴ χολή, xanthe chole), phlegm (Greek: φλέγμα, phlegma), and blood (Greek: αἷμα, haima). Each corresponds to one of the traditional four temperaments. Based on Hippocratic medicine, it was believed that for a body to be healthy, the four humors should be balanced in amount and strength.^([20]) The proper blending and balance of the four humors was known as eukrasia.^([21])

Humorism theory was expanded by Galen, who incorporated his understanding of the humors into his interpretation of the human body. He believed the interactions of the humors within the body were the key to investigating the physical nature and function of the organ systems. Galen combined his interpretation of the humors with his collection of ideas concerning nature from past philosophers in order to find conclusions about how the body works. For example, Galen maintained the idea of the presence of the Platonic tripartite soul, which consisted of "thumos (spiritedness), epithumos (directed spiritedness, i.e. desire), and sophia (wisdom)".^([22]) Through this, Galen found a connection between these three parts of the soul and the three major organs that were recognized at the time: the heart, the liver, and the brain, respectively.^([22]) This idea of connecting vital parts of the soul to vital parts of the body was derived from Aristotle's sense of explaining physical observations, and Galen utilized it to build his view of the human body. The organs (named organa) had specific functions (called chreiai) that contributed to the maintenance of the human body, and the expression of these functions is shown in characteristic activities (called energeiai) of a person.^([23]) While the correspondence of parts of the body to the soul was an influential concept, Galen decided that the interaction of the four humors with natural bodily mechanisms were responsible for human development and this connection inspired his understanding of the nature of the components of the body.

Galen recalls the correspondence between humors and seasons in his On the Doctrines of Hippocrates and Plato, and says that, "As for ages and the seasons, the child (παῖς) corresponds to spring, the young man (νεανίσκος) to summer, the mature man (παρακµάζων) to autumn, and the old man (γέρων) to winter".^([24]) He also related a correspondence between humors and seasons based on the properties of both. Blood, as a humor, was considered hot and wet. This gave it a correspondence to spring. Yellow bile was considered hot and dry, which related it to summer. Black bile was considered cold and dry, and thus related to autumn. Phlegm, cold and wet, was related to winter.^([25])

Galen also believed that the characteristics of the soul follow the mixtures of the body, but he did not apply this idea to the Hippocratic humors. He believed that phlegm did not influence character. In his On Hippocrates' The Nature of Man, Galen stated: "Sharpness and intelligence (ὀξὺ καὶ συνετόν) are caused by yellow bile in the soul, perseverance and consistency (ἑδραῖον καὶ βέβαιον) by the melancholic humor, and simplicity and naivety (ἁπλοῦν καὶ ἠλιθιώτερον) by blood. But the nature of phlegm has no effect on the character of the soul (τοῦ δὲ φλέγµατος ἡ φύσις εἰς µὲν ἠθοποιῗαν ἄχρηστος)."^([26]) He further said that blood is a mixture of the four elements: water, air, fire, and earth.

These terms only partly correspond to modern medical terminology, in which there is no distinction between black and yellow bile, and phlegm has a very different meaning. It was believed that the humors were the basic substances from which all liquids in the body were made. Robin Fåhræus (1921), a Swedish physician who devised the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, suggested that the four humors were based upon the observation of blood clotting in a transparent container. When blood is drawn in a glass container and left undisturbed for about an hour, four different layers can be seen: a dark clot forms at the bottom (the "black bile"); above the clot is a layer of red blood cells (the "blood"); above this is a whitish layer of white blood cells (the "phlegm"); the top layer is clear yellow serum (the "yellow bile").^([27])

Many Greek texts were written during the golden age of the theory of the four humors in Greek medicine after Galen. One of those texts was an anonymous treatise called On the Constitution of the Universe and of Man, published in the mid-19th century by J. L. Ideler. In this text, the author establishes the relationship between elements of the universe (air, water, earth, fire) and elements of the man (blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm).^([28]) He said that:

• The people who have red blood are friendly, and often joke and laugh. They are rose-tinted, slightly red, and have pretty skin.
• The people who have yellow bile are bitter, short tempered, and daring. They appear greenish and have yellow skin.
• The people who are composed of black bile are lazy, fearful, and sickly. They have black hair and black eyes.
• Those who have phlegm are low spirited, forgetful, and have white hair.

Seventeenth century English playwright Ben Jonson wrote humor plays, where character types were based on their humoral complexion.

Blood

It was thought that the nutritional value of the blood was the source of energy for the body and the soul. Blood was believed to consist of small proportional amounts of the other three humors. This meant that taking a blood sample would allow for determination of the balance of the four humors in the body.^([29]) It was associated with a sanguine nature (enthusiastic, active, and social).^([30])^([31])^(: 103–05)  Blood is considered to be hot and wet, sharing these characteristics with the season of spring.^([32])

Yellow bile

Yellow bile was associated with a choleric nature (ambitious, decisive, aggressive, and short-tempered).^([33]) It was thought to be fluid found within the gallbladder, or in excretions such as vomit and feces.^([29]) The associated qualities for yellow bile are hot and dry with the natural association of summer and fire. It was believed that an excess of this humor in an individual would result in emotional irregularities such as increased anger or irrational behaviour.^([34])

Black bile

Black bile was associated with a melancholy nature, the word melancholy itself deriving from the Greek for 'black bile', μέλαινα χολή (melaina kholé). Depression was attributed to excess or unnatural black bile secreted by the spleen.^([35]) Cancer was also attributed to an excess of black bile concentrated in a specific area.^([36]) The seasonal association of black bile was to autumn as the cold and dry characteristics of the season reflect the nature of man.^([32]) Black bile was generally seen as the most detrimental of the humors and within Galenic-Hippocratic humoral theory it was opposed to blood, the most natural and beneficial of the humors.^([1])

Phlegm

Phlegm was associated with all phlegmatic nature, thought to be associated with reserved behavior.^([37]) The phlegm of humorism is far from phlegm as it is defined today. Phlegm was used as a general term to describe white or colorless secretions such as pus, mucus, saliva, or sweat.^([29]) Phlegm was also associated with the brain, possibly due to the color and consistency of brain tissue.^([29]) The French physiologist and Nobel laureate Charles Richet, when describing humorism's "phlegm or pituitary secretion" in 1910, asked rhetorically, "this strange liquid, which is the cause of tumours, of chlorosis, of rheumatism, and cacochymia – where is it? Who will ever see it? Who has ever seen it? What can we say of this fanciful classification of humors into four groups, of which two are absolutely imaginary?"^([38]) The seasonal association of phlegm is winter due to the natural properties of being cold and wet.^([39])

This meme has been made several times but here is some (from my POV) interesting additions:

In 1543, Portuguese traders introduced the matchlock firearm (Tanegashima) to Japan.

The Japanese were remarkably quick to reproduce the technology. Within roughly a decade, domestic centers were producing firearms.
By the end of the Sengoku period (1467-1600), it was estimated that Japan had about 200,000-500,000 firearms.

Portugueses (and other europeans) also introduced lots of goods (Nanban trade), technologies, foods, ideas, etc.

Good examples are christianism, european style ships, armor, wine, cartography, etc.

The cake represented is called Castella (Kasutera or カステラ). Nowadays, it is very popular in Japan and part of their culture but it is derived from Portuguese "pão de Castela".

The portuguese sailor selling gun only if the japanese convert to christianism is an exageration for the meme.

Context: When Kamemameha the Great was conquering the island of Hawai'i, he and his party attacked a group of civilians. The extent of damage Kamehameha personally inflicted on the civilians amounted to one splintered paddle, which he damaged with his face.

Later, when he was the king of Hawai'i, he had the owner of said paddle brought before him, and apologized profusely. He instituted the Law of the Splintered Paddle to ban attacks on random passers-by, in commemoration of the paddlin' he caught. The law remains part of the State Constitution of Hawai'i to this day.

Re-memed to comply with rule 11.1

Context: In 1519, Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés landed on the coast of Mexico with a small force. To stop his men from getting cold feet and sailing back to Cuba, he ordered the ships they arrived on to be burned (or scuttled). With no way home, the only option left was to push inland and conquer the Aztec Empire.