r/MapPorn

Ingermanland was a dominion of the Swedish empire between 1583 and 1595 and between 1617 and 1721. The territory, unlike Finland, was never incorporated into Sweden proper. Governor-general, holding administrative, judicial and military authority over the territory, was entitled to highly autonomous decision-making powers. Ingermanland had its own custom borders and was not represented in the Riksdag of the Estates; local population was exempted from recruitment into the Swedish army; administrative division into pogosts, inherited from Novgorod republic, was in force, and so were elements of Russian tax and legal systems.
Pogosts were run by elected elders, while lowest level legal rulings were made by elected jury members. Appointed landsmän were responsible for implementing gubernatorial decrees at pogost level; fogdes had similar responsibilities but at higher level of administrative division (läns).
Narva and Nyen, largest cities of Ingermanland, had broad autonomy. Their magistrates and mayors (borgmästäre) were responsible for ensuring fair competition between manufacturers and traders, for fire safety, urban planning, collection of taxes. Urban dwellers were tried by special municipal courts and could not be prosecuted for criminal offences by militarymen or via gubernatorial decrees.
The region was characterised by segregation along religious lines. Native Vod’ and Izhora tribesmen and ethnic Russians who confessed Orthodox faith, were restricted in ownership rights, could not bear arms and were not allowed to elect magistrate members. Construction of new Orthodox churches was prohibited and Orthodox people were forced to pay tithes both to their own religious congregations and Lutheran parishes.
For conversion to Protestant faith, locals were granted exemption from taxes for as long as 4 years. To ensure mass conversion, superintendent Johannes Gezellius created network of compulsory rural schools, translated Lutheran religious texts to Russian and incorporated elements of Orthodox liturgy into Lutheran services. Policy of compulsory education has its fruits; by 1700, proportion of literate population in Ingermanland was above 60%, what exceeded literacy rate in Russia nearly 6 times.
Royal authority in Ingermanland relied heavily on settlers from Savonia and Karelian isthmus. They were attracted by up to 6 year long exemption from taxes, exemption from recruitment and rich soils. Stockholm saw them as a more reliable ally than the nobility. Under the reign of Charles XI, the Great Reduction was implemented, which was a process of confiscation of land possessions from the nobility; as the result, over two thirds of all land in the dominion was owned by the crown, what to the benefit of the peasants resulted in standardisation of the taxes and prevented turning of them into serves.
As the combined result of settlement policies and of religious conversion, Ingermanland, predominantly Orthodox before 1617, became roughly 75% Lutheran by 1695.

To make it more precise, USA, Scotland and Chile got eliminated from the Women's WC only, Pakistan, Malaysia, Wales and France got eliminated from the Men's WC only and South Africa, New Zealand, Japan and Ireland got eliminated from both.

"Ireland" in Hockey is an all-of-Ireland team, the Republic of Ireland and the British territory of Northern Ireland play together as one national team.

Comment down errors you see, and I will be doing a 2nd version on the 20th.

Once Tornado Archive adds their 2026 tornadoes, a second revamp will occur.

Edit: And do note that my source for this is Tornado Archives.

(and go check out r/tornadomaps pretty pls)

North America we really need to get it together

First of all, is it really a problem or an advantage? If France wanted to increase the population of its other cities, what should it do? What can and not move from Paris?

On one hand I feel like regions should have tax autonomy to attract businesses and easier housing policy, but the state could also play a part like moving institutions. Take Montpellier, its one of the fastest growing cities in France, the weather is really nice, there's an old identity around education and a new one in digital tech, but it's still really small. Maybe Paris could move its best public universities there (think a french Boston).

U.S. States With No State Individual Income Tax — 2026
Alaska
Florida
Nevada
New Hampshire
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Wyoming
Source: Tax Foundation — 2026 State Income Tax Rates and Brackets Tax Foundation⁠
Federal income tax still applies in all states.

For those who don’t know, a composite monarchy is a historical category that describes medieval and early modern states consisting of several countries under on ruler, some examples of this are the Angevin Empire and Habsburg Spain. Do you feel that these kingdoms,duchies,counties,and lordships having the same ruler and intertwined politics is enough reason for these separate entities to be grouped together on maps?

Every time a train arrives at a station a note is triggered.

I’m taking the data of every arrival time of every train from the London Underground network, I then assign a note to each line which creates the piece. 12 lines, 12 notes. Eb pentatonic with a Db and E in there for a bit of flavour.

The data is the realtime arrival predictions from TFL captured live then for this version of the piece, the data is ‘playing’ back at 4x speed.

In theory, i can create many, many pieces from this method as I can record new data at any point and create a piece. Realtime, sped up, whatever sounds interesting. I’ve also been working on many other train and underground networks from cities around the world.

It’s generative composition, using the patterns of the system to build the composition. The instruments are piano, glockenspiel, dulcitone, rhodes and synth. I convert the data of each line to midi data then import it into Ableton.