A logical, non-religious argument for the pro-life position
I’ve been spending a lot of time thinking about the foundation of human rights lately, and it feels like a lot of our debates—especially regarding abortion—are stuck on a really shaky premise. People often argue that you only have a "right to life" if you’re currently capable of certain things, like thinking, reasoning, or being conscious.
But if you actually follow that logic to its end, it creates some pretty massive problems.
If our rights depend on what we’re currently doing (our "functions"), then where does that leave everyone else?
- If you’re in a temporary coma, are you suddenly not a person with rights anymore?
- What about a newborn? They definitely don’t have the same cognitive reasoning as an adult—do they have fewer rights?
- What about when you’re asleep or under anesthesia? You aren’t "performing" the functions of a rational agent in those moments. Are you disposable then?
This is why a lot of philosophers lean toward the "Substance View" of personhood. The basic idea is that we have value not because of what we’re doing, but because of what we are—human beings.
If we want to say that all humans are equal, we can’t base that on something that fluctuates, like consciousness or how developed our brains are. As soon as you start drawing lines based on "function," you’re basically creating a hierarchy where some people are "more human" than others. History is full of examples where we’ve used that kind of "utility-based" thinking—where worth is determined by how useful or developed someone is—and it’s never a path we want to go down again.
If we actually want human rights to be universal, they have to be grounded in our shared nature as humans, regardless of how big we are, how developed we are, or how much we depend on others.
I’m curious how people who disagree with this view handle the consistency issue: If you base rights on "consciousness" or "function," how do you avoid making human rights conditional? How do you protect the most vulnerable without accidentally creating a sliding scale of human value?