On This Day, August 19, 1964, something happened high above Earth that would help change the way the world communicates.

NASA launched Syncom III, the world's first truly geostationary communications satellite.

Unlike satellites that constantly moved across the sky, Syncom III was placed into an orbit where it appeared to remain stationary above one point on Earth.

That meant communication stations could keep their antennas pointed at the same place in the sky.

But Syncom III had an even bigger moment coming…

Just two months later, it helped transmit live television coverage of the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games across the Pacific to the United States.

For the first time, millions of people in America could watch events happening on the other side of the Pacific almost as they happened.

🌎 One satellite.

📡 One orbit.

📺 A world suddenly felt much smaller.

Syncom III helped demonstrate the enormous potential of 24-hour satellite communications and paved the way for the global communications systems we rely on today.

🚀 Before smartphones.

📺 Before global satellite TV.

🌎 There was Syncom III.

The world was getting connected.

Between 1921 and 1927, the Rifian people in northern Morocco waged one of the fiercest resistance movements against European colonialism, led by the Mujahid Abd el-Krim al-Khattabi, who succeeded in uniting the Rifian tribes and inflicting a crushing defeat on the Spanish army at the Battle of Annual in 1921.

However, after this defeat, the course of the war changed.

As the resistance expanded and Spanish forces proved unable to achieve a military victory through conventional means, Spain resorted to more lethal weapons, including chemical weapons.

A collection of testimonies, documents, and historical studies indicates that the Spanish army used mustard gas and other poisonous gases against areas of the Moroccan Rif, including aerial bombardment, in an attempt to destroy the resistance and force the population to surrender.

The use of these weapons began during the 1920s. Historical sources indicate that mustard gas was dropped from aircraft in 1924, before the signing of the Geneva Protocol of 1925, which prohibited the use of asphyxiating, poisonous, or similar gases in warfare, as well as bacteriological methods.

The use of these weapons was not necessarily random. Some studies indicate that the bombardments targeted populated areas, leaving civilians, alongside fighters, exposed to the effects of these gases.

Spain had also developed its capacity to manufacture chemical weapons in facilities within the country, including the La Marañosa facility near Madrid. It was associated with the company Fábrica Nacional de Productos Químicos, whose establishment was linked to the German chemist Hugo Stoltzenberg, who had previously been connected to German chemical-weapons programs.

Despite attempts to conceal these operations, the testimonies of several Spanish pilots and military personnel remained as evidence of what had occurred.

In his memoir La vida y yo (Life and I), Spanish pilot Pedro Tonda Bueno discussed the use of aircraft to deploy poisonous gases and their effects on areas of the Rif. Pilot Ignacio Hidalgo de Cisneros also referred in his memoir Cambio de rumbo (Changing Course) to incidents related to the use of chemical weapons during the war.

In 1990, German researchers Rudibert Kunz and Rolf-Dieter Müller published their book Giftgas gegen Abd el Krim: Deutschland, Spanien und der Gaskrieg in Spanisch-Marokko, 1922–1927 (Poison Gas Against Abd el-Krim: Germany, Spain, and the Gas War in Spanish Morocco, 1922–1927), in which they collected and examined a body of evidence and documents concerning the use of chemical weapons during the war.

British historian Sebastian Balfour also addressed the issue in his book Deadly Embrace, after examining Spanish, French, and British archives. He concluded that the use of chemical weapons was widespread and that the bombardments did not target fighters alone, but also affected populated areas.

There are also references in British diplomatic documents to the use of poisonous gases during the war, including a telegram sent by the British official H. Bough Lloyd to the British Secretary of State for War.

Note: The figures and estimates mentioned in historical accounts vary considerably depending on the source, methodology, and available evidence. They should therefore be treated as estimates rather than definitive numbers.

It may look like nothing more than a metal can…

But it is considered one of the most important German innovations that enabled Germany to wage World War II—and, according to some accounts, helped bring it close to victory.

Hitler understood that the most dangerous weakness in the “Blitzkrieg” (lightning war) strategy was fuel.

Panzer tanks required enormous quantities of it to keep advancing rapidly.

So an order was given to design a fuel container that was small, strong, easy to carry and pour from, and capable of minimizing fuel wastage during combat.

Thus emerged the “Jerry Can,” developed by the Müller engineering company in Schwelm in 1937.

By the beginning of the war in 1939, the Germans had already prepared thousands of them.

It had three handles, allowing one person to carry two cans, or making it easy to pass them from one person to another in human chains.

It had a capacity of around 20 liters and weighed approximately 20 kg when full.

Its design was packed with clever details:

An air chamber at the top allowed it to float if it fell into water—even if it had been dropped from an aircraft.

Its short spout required neither a funnel nor a separate opener. The closure was integrated into the design, allowing fuel to be poured easily without excessive spillage.

There was also a vent tube between the spout and the air chamber, ensuring a smooth flow as the fuel was poured out.

Inside, it was coated with a water-resistant plastic material, originally developed for coating steel beer barrels. This allowed the container to be used safely for carrying either fuel or water.

Even the cross-shaped pressed lines on its sides were not merely decorative. They strengthened the container and allowed it to accommodate expansion as its contents expanded.

All of that… in what looks like nothing more than a simple fuel can.

On This Day, August 18, 1590, English governor John White returned to Roanoke Island, North Carolina, after being away for nearly three years due to war with Spain.

He expected to find his daughter, granddaughter Virginia Dare, and the other colonists waiting for him.

Instead…

Everyone was gone.

There were no bodies.

No signs of a battle.

No explanation.

The settlement had been abandoned.

But then White discovered something that made the mystery even more fascinating.

The word “CRO” had been carved into a tree.

And at the abandoned settlement, the word “CROATOAN” had been carved into a post.

Croatoan referred to the Native American people and the area now known as Hatteras Island.

White believed the colonists may have relocated there, but before he could properly search the area, a storm forced him to abandon the attempt.

More than 430 years later, historians still cannot definitively say what happened to the Lost Colony.

And there's one eerie coincidence…

August 18, 1590, was Virginia Dare's third birthday.

The grandfather who had left to find supplies returned on her birthday…

…and she was gone.

What happened to the Lost Colony of Roanoke?

No one knows for certain.

In the 19th century, a man appeared whom people called “the Living Skeleton.”

His name was Isaac Sprague. He was born in the United States and appeared normal during childhood, but from the age of twelve his body began to lose weight strangely and continuously, without doctors knowing the reason.

He reached a height of about 168 cm (5 ft 6 in), while at one point in his life his weight fell to only about 19.5 kg (43 lb)!

Imagine an adult of that height weighing less than 20 kilograms!

Sprague became a curiosity who attracted people who came to see him. He traveled with circus shows around the United States and became famous as “The Living Skeleton.”

Even more strangely, Sprague said that his appetite was normal and that he ate like other people, yet his body continued to lose weight.

A photo from Germany in 1939:

“Two women from the cleaning staff, while washing their Lord with a water hose lying on the stairs of a church in Leipzig…!!!!”

On This Day, August 17, 1978, three American adventurers made history by completing the first successful nonstop transatlantic balloon flight.

Their balloon, Double Eagle II, departed from Presque Isle, Maine, on August 11.

Inside the giant helium-filled balloon were Ben Abruzzo, Maxie Anderson, and Larry Newman.

For nearly six days, they drifted across the Atlantic Ocean, battling freezing temperatures, changing winds, and the constant challenge of staying airborne.

After approximately 137 hours and 6 minutes in flight, Double Eagle II finally reached Europe.

On August 17, the balloon landed near Miserey, France, completing a journey of approximately 3,120 miles (5,020 km).

The three men had achieved something that had defeated numerous previous attempts: crossing the Atlantic Ocean nonstop by balloon.

Their historic journey earned them the Harmon Trophy, one of aviation's most prestigious honors.

3 men

1 giant balloon

137+ hours in the air

Across the Atlantic Ocean

They crossed an ocean… in a balloon.

Hace 221 años, el 15 de agosto de 1805, tuvo lugar uno de los episodios ideológicos más emblemáticos de la historia sudamericana. En la cima del Monte Sacro, en Roma, un joven Simón Bolívar de apenas 22 años pronunció el solemne juramento que marcaría el inicio de la gesta emancipadora de América Latina.

Acompañado por su mentor, Simón Rodríguez, y su amigo Fernando Rodríguez del Toro, Bolívar ató su destino personal a la causa independentista:

>"Juro delante de usted, juro por el Dios de mis padres, juro por ellos, juro por mi honor y juro por mi patria, que no daré descanso a mi brazo, ni reposo a mi alma, hasta que haya roto las cadenas que nos oprimen por voluntad del poder español!"

De las Palabras a la Acción

Quienes trataron a Bolívar meses antes en Milán ya señalaban que el joven caraqueño "soñaba con la liberación de la colonia hispana y con ser él mismo el Libertador".

Lo que en su momento pareció una promesa lejana en suelo europeo, comenzó a materializarse 16 años después con la Batalla de Carabobo en Venezuela, extendiéndose posteriormente a las campañas que lograron la independencia de Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Bolivia.

Debate / Pregunta para la comunidad

¿Cómo evalúan la vigencia de los principios de este juramento en la actualidad?

On This Day, August 11, 1942, Hollywood actress Hedy Lamarr and composer George Antheil were awarded a U.S. patent for a “Secret Communication System.”

But this wasn't a Hollywood invention.

During World War II, Lamarr had an idea for making radio-controlled torpedoes harder for enemies to jam.

Her concept used frequency hopping, rapidly changing the radio frequency between the transmitter and receiver in synchronization.

Think of it like two people secretly switching between different radio channels at the same time, making it much harder for someone to interrupt their communication.

Lamarr and Antheil worked on the idea from 1940 to 1942, combining Lamarr's understanding of military technology with Antheil's experience with synchronized musical instruments.

Their invention was patented as U.S. Patent 2,292,387.

The technology wasn't immediately adopted for the war, but decades later, frequency-hopping and related spread-spectrum techniques became important in wireless communications.

Today, Lamarr is remembered not only as a famous actress but also as an inventor whose pioneering work helped lay the groundwork for technologies used in modern wireless communication.

 

2026年8月17日，是已故的前中共总书记、中华人民共和国第三代国家领导人江泽民的百年诞辰纪念日。8月中旬，中国官方展开一系列纪念活动，如央视播映长篇纪录片《江泽民》、预备召开缅怀江泽民和颂扬其功绩的会议等。而民间对江泽民及其执政时代的回忆与议论也再度燃起，褒贬不一，但积极评价显然较多。

江泽民的人生经历，可谓丰富和多有转折。他出身于既有革命烈士、又有汉奸叛徒的家族，他的学生时代是在日本侵华时期的日伪统治核心区度过，就读于汪伪管辖的南京的中央大学。江泽民经历民国短暂还都与败退，成为红色中国的工程师，又因缘际会的从政且平步青云。1989年6月下旬，即1989年民主运动被镇压后不久，在那个中国变迁转折的关键时期，在邓小平等人支持下，江泽民取代赵紫阳，成为了中共的总书记，直到2002年卸任。关于更详细的江泽民生平和细节，罗伯特·劳伦斯·库恩的《江泽民传》等有记述，在此不加赘述。本文主要评论江泽民执政的内外政策及其利弊得失。

   江泽民担任中国领导人之时，中国正处在内外交困、人心迷惘、社会动荡不安中。当时多数中国人也并没有对这个新的中共总书记抱有什么特别的希望或厌恶，不少人还将其看成无关紧要的过渡人物、台前的“政治木偶”。江泽民也不像毛泽东邓小平等人那样的中共革命元老，党内资历和地位都不很高。不过，江泽民凭借对邓小平的忠诚、又规避了之前中共党内保守派与开明派的斗争、也未直接参与六四镇压而沾染污名，最终从只有部分权力的领导人变成全权领袖、邓小平的正式接班人、中国第三代领导集体的核心。

当时的中国刚经历八九民运和六四镇压，又逢国际上的东欧剧变苏联解体，正在继续改革开放还是转向封闭保守的岔路口，最高层的决策将决定之后几十年中国的命运。后来的人们都知道中共执政集团选择了在经济领域坚持开放并加快和扩大开放进程、政治上保守化和强化专制、文化上有放松但仍保持控制的路线。决定这样路线的首要人物，确实是那时尚未完全退休、威望很高的邓小平。但江泽民无疑也扮演了重要角色，将“以经济建设为中心、坚持四项基本原则、坚持改革开放”和“建设社会主义市场经济”的邓小平既定路线加以继承并发扬。

根据江泽民在1989-1992年间的表现，他看起来并不愿意加快改革，还准备部分退回到文革之前毛时代的计划经济模式和斯大林式政治体制。他想以此争取中共保守派的支持，以及与赵紫阳等开明派划清界限，强化中共统治，也巩固他自己党和国家领导人的权力与地位。他或许认为邓小平希望走这样的全面保守路线，并以此取悦邓小平及其他“反颜色革命”的保守派。但邓小平力推加大经济改革同时政治保守的二元路线，并声称“谁不改革谁下台”。江泽民领会到邓小平的意图，很快改弦易辙，追随了邓小平的路线。这也反映江泽民是务实而知变通、擅于跟随风向，而非坚持原则与教条的。

如果说1989年之后决定坚持改革开放路线的主要决策者仍然是邓小平，加入世贸组织、让中国融入全球化，江泽民无疑是最主要的决策者。当时中国的保守左派，以“损害国家独立自主”、“会毁掉本国工业/农业”等理由反对中国“入世”，还指责支持“入世”者“卖国”、是“回到解放前”。但江泽民顶住反对声浪，全力支持入世谈判，最终让中国成功加入世贸组织，并成为其中最重要的经济体和参与者之一。

之后的二十多年，中国经济腾飞、成为第二大经济体、民生也显著改善，很大一部分原因就是中国加入世贸和全面参与全球化及国际分工，让中国作为“世界工厂”变得繁荣富强，中国人也以更低廉价格和便利买到外国产品。这也反过来证明了“入世”的正确。更深远的影响是，中国从孤立于世界变得成为“地球村”的一部分，无论之后中国与西方如何冲突，双方不再可能真正“脱钩”和彻底对立，这利于中国和全世界的和平与繁荣。

江泽民对于中国对外开放的功绩，不止是加入世贸。浦东新区全面开放和建设、1995年世界妇女大会在北京成功举办、成功申办奥运会和世博会、中国与美国关系几经波折仍保持友好合作，都和江泽民的努力分不开。尤其是在1990年代美国和西方一度对中国强硬制裁、发生了“银河号”事件、中国驻南联盟大使馆被炸事件、中美南海撞机事件等情况下，江泽民没有领导中国转向全面反美，还缓和了与美国关系并加强经贸与文化合作，这是很不易的。

在其他外交政策上，江泽民一方面继续毛邓对日友好争取日方经济技术支持的路线，同时在对日关系上如日本侵华历史等问题上，也表明铭记历史和谴责侵略的态度、守护了中国民族尊严。抗日战争得到较正式和隆重的纪念，国军老兵在内的抗日老兵、日本强征的劳工和慰安妇等受害群体得到关注，也是在江泽民执政时期尤其中后期。但江泽民及中共执政团队在1998年印尼排华屠杀中对华人华侨遭强奸和屠杀的不作为，还与印尼改善关系，又是一个污点。中国官方不将此视为需要干预的重大问题，本身就是严重的问题和错误。在当时美加澳等国都批评和制裁印尼情况下，中国的沉默格外令人痛心。江泽民频繁外出访问，其执政期间中国与欧洲及亚非拉各国的关系取得了较大进展，尤其商贸合作明显增多，“中国制造”大规模输向海外。

   在国内政策方面，江泽民对于中国经济、军事、制度、法律等方面的现代化、体系化、专业化有着重要贡献。经历“文革”等动荡，中国许多领域尤其工业、科技、教育、法治建设等方面曾长期处于混乱、无序、低效的状态，改革开放初期也没有足够的精力和条件改正。江泽民时期这些才得到改观。减少“外行领导内行”和政治干扰，由技术官僚治理各地和各行各业，也是江泽民时期推行和成型的。这对中国的发展建设大有裨益。

中共党和中国国家领导人的任期制、和平稳定的轮替制、高龄官员及时退休，也是江泽民时期成为惯例的（虽然江泽民卸任总书记和国家主席后仍继续担任了两年军委主席，但整体上实现了及时退休和领导人轮换的常规化）。江泽民时期中共高层也实现了一定程度的集体领导，曾经根据个人威望与“革命老资格”决定排位和权力大小的人治模式，也逐渐演变为官僚按照职位各司其职、依照能力和政绩决定升迁、专制下的某种“法治”和规范化。

江泽民时期中国基层（村级）的自治与民主选举上有一些积极成果，中共宣传和教科书中也将之赞誉为“民主最广泛而深刻的实践”。当时公民以个人身份参选人大代表也被许可和赞誉。江泽民时期江本人在内的中共官僚曾发表过推动政治改革、未来中国更加民主和实行更高层级普选（而非局限于村级）的言论。虽然民主政治、村以上长官普选、更具竞争性的人大代表选举最终没有落实，但起码说明当时中共对民主并不明确否定和排斥，也给了人们未来更民主自由的希望。

   还有，“科教兴国”的提出让中国教育与科技领域得到更多政策和资金，是中国崛起的关键因素。许多贫困家庭子女获得受教育机会、改变了人生命运。投入科研、促进科普、弘扬科学、打击迷信，对中国现代化和公民启蒙意义重大。中国经济社会发展的质量和效率也因此得到提高。军队经商并借助军队权势与民争利这一改革开放后突起的乱象，是江泽民努力遏制而销声匿迹的。“三个代表”思想为中共在和平与发展时代保持合法性提供了理论依据。1998年长江等地特大洪灾中，江泽民亲临一线指挥抗洪救灾，努力保持中共党与人民群众心连心的原则与“为人民服务”的形象，就事论事也是值得赞扬的。

另外特别值得提及的，江泽民是一位颇有个性的领导人，如会见外宾与出访、在国内各地视察时常常出口成章、英法俄日等多种语言使用流利，诗赋与典故信手拈来。而他接受美国记者华莱士访谈及“斥责香港记者”的“名场面”，也被广泛传播、反复品评。这些反映江泽民确实很有才华、思想也较为开放。这样的中国领导人，比循规蹈矩者有更多亲和力、更易得到国内外的好感。这也是江泽民在民间有不少“粉丝”的原因。

当然，江泽民执政时期也有黑暗一面，制造和加剧了若干弊病。如农民贫困和遭受层层盘剥，没有得到有效解决，直到胡锦涛时期才取消了农业税及附着的其他苛捐杂税。工人下岗也导致许多悲剧和苦难。经济快速发展的同时，贫富差距也在拉大，腐败愈演愈烈。环境污染问题也越发严重。中国长期的重理工轻人文、硬实力提高而软实力不足，在江时代也更固化。

江泽民主张“闷声发大财”，官方引导、暗示、激励民众为发家致富不择手段，导致中国人理想主义和公共责任心的消退（相对于六四事件之前）、社会道德的堕落，尤其精英阶层向“精致利己主义者”蜕化。权贵资本主义也正是在此时崛起，红色家族和官员家族巧取豪夺，吸食民脂民膏，形成利益共同体，是中国真正的“主人”，并成为中共一党专制最有力的捍卫者。

   更糟糕和根本性的，是中国政治改革在江泽民时代处于停滞状态，没有像1980年代那样多的自由，也没有迈向民主，还强化了中共党对中国的专制统治和权力垄断，没有其他党派或个人可与中共分享权力与政治竞争。“三个代表”在强调党对国家和人民的责任同时，也意味着中共垄断了中国国家和人民利益代理人的地位，且是在并未被人民自愿授权下强制“代表”的。

虽然江时期有一些细微的制度和司法改革并取得一定进步，但不能掩盖整体上专制定型、拒绝民主化的状况。在各项制度和政策正规化和完善带来发展进步同时，也逐渐建立起了系统性的政治镇压和社会控制体系，并由其后任胡锦涛和习近平加以强化和完善。经济与科技现代化同时，专制统治也实现了“现代化”。对于法轮功等特定群体过于残酷的镇压手段，对许多政治犯的拘捕、纵容地方政府对维权民众的迫害，以及西藏问题上的强硬态度，也造成许多苦难，引发了广泛的人权批评和负面影响，既不利于国内民权与团结，也损害中国在国际上的形象和影响力。

也正是江泽民时期确立经济开放同时政治保守的发展路线、取得成功，让中国错过八九六四及苏东剧变后中国民主化的关键窗口期和机遇。经济的发展、社会和民权的一些进步、参与全球化、改善对外关系、提升国力，反而巩固了中共专制统治，滋养了执政集团，长远有害于中国民主化。对于关注人权问题、希望中国政治多元化和实现自由民主的人们，这些当然是不幸的。

   江泽民时期也是“中国模式”的成型期。“中国模式”即政治专制与经济开放并行，以高压统治维持稳定、镇压反抗者，利用“低人权优势”的廉价劳动力发展生产、取得对外竞争的相对优势，经济成果可以增加财政收入和改善民生，也提高了国力，反过来又反哺了专制统治的稳固、中共特权阶层的利益。到了胡锦涛和习近平时期，“中国模式”日益完善和巩固，并向国际输出。这样的“中国模式”有利有弊，影响复杂，详情笔者另有文章述评，在此不展开议论。

   江泽民的功过及那个时代的是非，不同立场的人、站在不同角度看待、截取不同片段和侧面，得出的结论难免不同。如果不谈民主专制这一政治问题，而更多从功利和中国发展角度，在内忧外患夹击、前路不明的1990年代的中国担当领袖的江泽民，推动中国经济开放与对外和平友好、坚持发展经济改善民生，把贫困混乱、相对孤立、动荡多年的中国带向逐渐富有、稳定与可预测、融入国际、现代化的新时代，功劳苦劳都是不可抹除的。

江泽民继承了邓小平时代的改革开放，又为后来胡锦涛时期的持续发展繁荣和习近平时代进入综合国力强盛的状态奠基，从务实立场看算是中国过渡时代合格的掌舵人。可江泽民也是巩固六四镇压后中共专制统治、让中国错过民主化、放任和加剧腐败及底层农工苦难、镇压异议者的独裁政权魁首。江泽民对其卸任后至今中国的专制和人权问题也需要承担一定的责任。他有功有过，思想开明、颇有才能，但又热衷权力、维系专制，客观的说算是功过参半。

就在江泽民百年诞辰纪念日到来之际，其担任总书记和国家主席时的搭档--中国前总理朱镕基于8月12日去世。相对于江泽民重点活跃于外交、军事、意识形态领域，朱镕基是中国内政的具体操作者。他以铁腕改革著称，将大量低效国企进行了整改、让中国财政和物价经历高通胀后最终落地回稳，推动深圳等特区建设、全国范围推动招商引资，促进了中国的市场经济发展、打击了一些腐败分子，让中国度过改革开放后经济颇为困难的一段时间。

但朱镕基的改革也颇有局限性并带来各种负面影响，如加剧下岗潮、贫富差距拉大、官民矛盾和社会矛盾愈演愈烈等。铁腕反腐也并没有根治腐败，贪腐人数和腐败额度还不断上升。朱镕基的改革也是鲜明的人治压倒法治，并不能为中国带来长治久安。腐败难以遏制正是在于民主法治的缺失，朱镕基如何决心反腐，在专制下都不能成功。朱镕基与江泽民一样，都是中国改革开放和六四后重要的过渡人物，共同参与了各项内外事务，也分摊着江泽民的功过。

江泽民出生在动荡的民国，成长于日寇铁蹄下，在红色中国凭能力、机智、运气一路登顶，以96岁高龄逝世，参与和见证了近一个世纪中国的变迁。江时代在政治上虽然是保守和缺乏自由民主的，但比更封闭保守的习近平时代以来的中国要多些自由开放和民主气息。一些人赞美江泽民，并非认为江泽民多么伟大，只是今日中国有更多弊病、更让人失望，也就怀念过去有着希望与向上趋势的年代，并借此表达对现实的不满。当下中国社会各界尤其民间对他有褒有贬、多数较正面的评价，正是“老百姓心里一杆秤”，也映照出今日中国人对于坚持改革开放、反对封闭与倒退的真挚愿望。

   

On This Day, August 13, 1976, Dean R. Campbell, founder of Lefthanders International, Inc., established International Lefthanders Day to raise awareness of the everyday challenges faced by left-handed people in a predominantly right-handed world.

In 1992, the official international observance gained wider recognition and structure through the modern Left-Handers Club, and by 1997, the day was formally declared an annual celebration to boost global awareness and unity among left-handers.

The day was created to celebrate the advantages of being left-handed while raising awareness of the everyday challenges left-handers can face in a world largely designed for right-handed people.

From scissors and desks to computer equipment and everyday tools, many products and environments have traditionally been designed with right-handers in mind.

Today, August 13, is celebrated around the world as Left-Handers Day.

About 10% of the world's population is left-handed, meaning hundreds of millions of people experience the world from a different perspective.