Hedge Fund : Asset class meconnue mais surement une des meilleurs

Hedge Fund : Asset class meconnue mais surement une des meilleurs

Salut à tous,

On parle souvent ici de construction de portefeuille, d'ETF et de l'optimisation de son ratio de Sharpe. Aujourd'hui, j'aimerais apporter ma pierre à l'édifice en abordant un sujet souvent méconnu : la gestion active sophistiquée et l'univers des Hedge Funds.

Gestion Active Long Only VS Gestion Sophistiquee "Long Short"

Il est crucial de distinguer la gestion active classique de la gestion alternative. Un fonds actif "Long-Only" cherche à battre son indice de référence (comme le MSCI World) en achetant uniquement des actions. Les études SPIVA le démontrent systématiquement : sur le long terme, la grande majorité de ces gérants n'y parvient pas et sous-performe l'indice à cause des frais. Pour cette exposition pure à la hausse des marchés, l'ETF est le roi incontesté.

En revanche, certaines stratégies actives complexes ont une réelle utilité mathématique dans un portefeuille diversifié.

Alpha et Beta VS MSCI World et Correlation

Pour évaluer la vraie valeur ajoutée d'un fonds face à un indice, on utilise souvent la régression linéaire, qui décompose la performance en deux éléments :

  • Le Bêta : L'exposition mécanique aux mouvements du marché. Par exemple, un bêta de 1,2 signifie que le fonds va amplifier de 120 % la performance de l'indice.
  • L'Alpha : La surperformance pure du gérant, celle qui ne s'explique pas par les mouvements du marché.

Exemple : Si un marché fait 10 %, un fonds avec un bêta de 1,2 et un alpha de 7 % réalisera une performance de 1.2 x 10% + 7% = 19%.

Le problème de la gestion active classique est qu'elle facture cher ce qui n'est souvent qu'un pari à effet de levier sur l'indice (un fonds peut avoir un très bon rendement absolu, mais un alpha négatif, ce qui signifie qu'un simple ETF avec levier aurait fait mieux). Le bêta s'achète pour presque rien via un ETF. Si l'on paie pour de la gestion active, on veut de l'alpha et de la décorrélation.

Bonus : Il existe d'ailleurs des produits "Portable Alpha" qui superposent une stratégie décorrélée sur une exposition indicielle classique. Par exemple, des fonds qui combinent 100 % d'exposition au MSCI World avec un programme de Trend Following ou de Long Volatility. C'est une excellente mécanique d'optimisation qu'on voit pourtant rarement passer sur ce sub.

Maths de la diversification

Je suppose que tout le monde ici est familier avec le concept de max drawdown et de volatilite. L'idee c'est de se dire que si on combine des actifs reelement decoreles, c'est a dire avec une correlation de 0 entre eux, on va diminuer son risque considrablement, tout en gardant la performance intacte :

Dans un monde fictif:
On prend 10 copies du sp500 completement independantes, cad 9% de CAGR, vol de 18%, MDD ~30-40%. On construit un portefeuille 10% dans chacun des assets. On a maintenant un portefeuille qui a toujours un CAGR de 9% mais qui a maintenant une vol de 6% et un MDD de ~10%.

En gros on a le meme rendement avec une vol divisee par 3 et un MDD divise par 3-4. Le reve en gros.

Ci joint je mets une illustration par simulation monte carlo qui montre plus "on ajoute d'investissements independants plus on se diversifie"

https://preview.redd.it/e5z1qchbkmth1.png?width=845&format=png&auto=webp&s=39f2e3494b8203d1fb06b987802e755fb5854acc

https://preview.redd.it/l2pw727ckmth1.png?width=854&format=png&auto=webp&s=c48d2474942b74aae95efbeb7647a82be83a0baa

https://preview.redd.it/frfp0egekmth1.png?width=845&format=png&auto=webp&s=e2305dea2912b8ae9c9033684aa5f28a56984b2d

Mais vous allez me dire "mais comment on fait pour obtenir 10 copies independantes du SP500 et mettre 10% dans chacun c'est de la fiction".

C'est ici que les hedge funds brillent. Bien que les frais soient eleves (2% par an et 20% de carried en moyenne) il y a une grande diversite de strategies COMPLETEMENT DECORRELEES qui rentrent dans notre "reve de 10 copies independantes du sp500".

Donc la recette mathematiques pour augmenter son sharpe ratio est toute trouver : mettre en parellele des investissements decorreles qui ont grossos modo le meme "return", et on va diviser notre volatilite par sqrt(N) ( N etant le nombre d'investissements decorreles ).

Les hedge fund sont un peu mysterieux, car reserves aux instit et aux Individus fortunes, mais il existe une grande diversite de strategies. Dans un effort non exhaustif :

  • Statistical Arbitrage ( FX, Metaux, Equities quasiment toutes les asset class )
  • Merger Arbitrage et Convertible Arbitrage ( Equities et bond )
  • Distressed Debt ( typiquement des situations comme oblig argentine )
  • Equity Market Neutral ( fonds equity autant long qu'il n'est short )
  • Multi Strat ( modele "pod shop" des plus grands comme Citadel Millenium etc )
  • High Frequency trading ( 1-5min holding )
  • Medium Frenquency trading ( 2h-3h a un jour holding period )
  • Crypto ( funding rate arb, market neutre etc )
  • Global Macro ( paris macro economiques sur les monnaies les bonds le FX etc )
  • Litigation ( des avocats qui menent des legal actions en gros mais tout ca dans un fonds )
  • Matieres premieres ( enormement de facons de trader de facon market neutral )

Les points qui sont compliques

Tout d'abord l'investissement dans les hedge fund necessite un capital tres important la plupart des fonds demandent un min invest de 1M USD, donc un portefeuille en direct coute 10M si on a un portefeuille de 10 fonds. Neanmoins il existe des options comme des fonds de fonds, qui eux permettent une exposition plus large mais pas facile de sourcer de la qualite. Il faut absoluement etre un "investisseur professionel", un "accredited investor" ou un "qualified investor" ( dependant des juridisctions ), mais en general il faut avoir une fortune financiere de plus de 500k ou 1M USD.

De plus pas facile de faire sa due dilligence sur les fonds, de comprendre les strategies etc.

De plus on peut difficilement acheter ces supports, il y a des fonds AIF europeens qu'on peut mettre en CTO, mais sinon souvent des fonds americains juridiquement des "Partnership". En AV Lux je pense neanmoins que c'est possible mais ca reste tout de meme sportif.

Conclusion

L'ETF MSCI world reste la meilleure maniere d'investir pour les petits portefeuilles, je voulais juste apporter ma petite pierre et montrer que parfois la gestion active peut se justifier et donner de l'information sur cette partie meconnue.

reddit.com
u/Content_Air_7471 — 10 days ago

Hedge fund GIFT City in India

Hey guys

I work in a fund of fund and we got pitched an Indian HF that is located in GIFT City, the financial free zone in India.

Never invested in this juridiction do you have some feedback to give in terms of legal rights ? Like is it safe lol ? Indian government can expropriate you ? Can you sue and hope to get justice if something going wrong ?

I mean it’s like investing in a fund that has some money in a Chinese broker, not the best and kind of scary if things go south I don’t really trust Chinese judicial system.

Would love to hear your experience on this financial free zone GIFT City

reddit.com
u/Content_Air_7471 — 3 months ago

What is your DD process before investing in a hedge fund ?

Hey guys,

Would love to know your step by step process for your DD before investing in a hedge fund.

What are the most important things to know, what are your green flags what are your red flags.

Do you have your own DDQ ?

How do you audit the track record ?

Would love to know your process, if anyone wishes to give more in MP I would be more than grateful !

Best

reddit.com
u/Content_Air_7471 — 3 months ago

Bookings link is not working ?

Hi,

It seems that the links "Book a meeting with me" is not working anymore on my side, even though I have not changed anything obviously.

I go on "My page", and the link here that I can copy and paste is also not working, really the link seems to be off.

Is it the same on your side ?

Do you have some solutions ?

reddit.com
u/Content_Air_7471 — 5 months ago
▲ 22 r/quant

What is your take on market efficiency

Hello just wanted to get your thoughts on the efficiency of markets, especially mega cap stocks and large cap stocks of DM, as EM and mid small can be structurally less efficient.

I hear a lot that "trading large stocks is meaningless as price discovery is such a big incentive that there is no mispricing left". But on the other way large LS PMs at Millenium Balyasny Citadel etc do ( seem ) to provide some pure idiosyncratic returns by being sector and / or geographic specialists.

Also I hear as an argument in favor of inefficiencies, that market makers do not really participate in price discovery per se, as they just want a lot of volumes and are ready to accept adverse selection, and thus not really targeting a "faire price" but more a price that will make them money.

Last thing I wonder is, is there really some edge in month long trades, and is it really possible to identify ex ante the catalysts that could make something rally because the market was not seeing it ?

reddit.com
u/Content_Air_7471 — 5 months ago
▲ 0 r/quant

Insights on pod shops

Insights on pod shops

Insights on pod shops

Hello,

Would like to ask a simple question on pod shops as my knowledge is small and my vision over simplistic I guess :

For me the main thing is giving money to uncorrelated PMs, the volatility goes down and you put leverage ( Millenium exposure over 600B on SEC filing but only 87B from clients ).

Is that this simple ? What is the main challenge then, attracting talents, scaling with the AUM as some strategies can be constrained ?

What about their risk management ? Read from an LLM ( that was probably hallucinating ) that if a drawdown of more than 5% capital is pulled. Is it “just” about cutting the losers that see their alpha decay and keep attracting some uncorrelated PMs ?

Heard from this LLM also that returns are regressed on factors to see if only some “pure alpha”, is this true ? How does this work in practice, what is the selection process ?

As I said this is my simplistic view, now I would like to know where are the subtleties. If someone has some advices in the comments or that could just let me slide in their DM would be very much appreciated. I guess I just cannot be ignorant on this and would mean so much if I could get insights from people with proper understanding!

Thank you so much

reddit.com
u/Content_Air_7471 — 5 months ago

Insights on pod shops

Insights on pod shops

Hello,

Would like to ask a simple question on pod shops as my knowledge is small and my vision over simplistic I guess :

For me the main thing is giving money to uncorrelated PMs, the volatility goes down and you put leverage ( Millenium exposure over 600B on SEC filing but only 87B from clients ).

Is that this simple ? What is the main challenge then, attracting talents, scaling with the AUM as some strategies can be constrained ?

What about their risk management ? Read from an LLM ( that was probably hallucinating ) that if a drawdown of more than 5% capital is pulled. Is it “just” about cutting the losers that see their alpha decay and keep attracting some uncorrelated PMs ?

Heard from this LLM also that returns are regressed on factors to see if only some “pure alpha”, is this true ? How does this work in practice, what is the selection process ?

As I said this is my simplistic view, now I would like to know where are the subtleties. If someone has some advices in the comments or that could just let me slide in their DM would be very much appreciated. I guess I just cannot be ignorant on this and would mean so much if I could get insights from people with proper understanding!

Thank you so much

reddit.com
u/Content_Air_7471 — 5 months ago

Insights on pod shops

Hello,

Would like to ask a simple question on pod shops as my knowledge is small and my vision over simplistic I guess :

For me the main thing is giving money to uncorrelated PMs, the volatility goes down and you put leverage ( Millenium exposure over 600B on SEC filing but only 87B from clients ).

Is that this simple ? What is the main challenge then, attracting talents, scaling with the AUM as some strategies can be constrained ?

What about their risk management ? Read from an LLM ( that was probably hallucinating ) that if a drawdown of more than 5% capital is pulled. Is it “just” about cutting the losers that see their alpha decay ?

As I said this is my simplistic view, now I would like to know where are the subtleties. If someone has some advices in the comments or that could just let me slide in their DM would be very much appreciated. I guess I just cannot be ignorant on this and would mean so much if I could get insights from people with proper understanding!

Thank you so much

reddit.com
u/Content_Air_7471 — 5 months ago