Did early muslims forbid woman from working and going to school? And how was it practiced in islamic history?
Did Early Muslims drink Alcohol?
Here is the link to the paper: https://www.urirubin.com/downloads/articles/morning.pdf
Do we know how different groups/sects of islam would‘ve prayed in the 7th, 8th and 9th century? Were there ever sects that prayed differently?
Between the death of the historical Muhammed in the year 632 CE and the Uthmanic Standardization around 650 CE, there were other Quran-Corpora circulating around. Namely the one of: 1. Ubayy b. Kab; 2. Abd Allah Ibnʿʿ Masūd; 3. Abū Mūsa Al-Ash’ari; 4. Miqdād b. al-Aswad.
Besides that scholars have identified another text-type, known as the C-1 (Sanaa) text type. According to scholars like francois deroche the Sanaa manuscript is none of the above mentioned text-types, but actually a 5th one. One could also speculate that there probably was a "proto-uthmanic" text-type circulating around before the Uthmanic Standardization around the year 650 ce. The codex of Abu Bakr which is mentioned in the Hadith Literature could very well take the place of this "proto-uthmanic" text type. So overall there seem to have been the following text types between 632-650 CE:
(1) Ubayy b. Kab
(2) Abd Allah Ibnʿʿ Masūd
(3) Abū Mūsa Al-Ash’ari
(4) Miqdād b. al-Aswad
(5) C-1 (Sanaa)
(6) (Proto-)Uthmanic
My question is how these six different text types relate to each other exactly? While there are differences between the different Text-Types / Codices, they seem to be quite negligible? So how did these variant text-types come to be? Was there ever an "original quran copy" or anything like that? And if there was, how exactly would it have looked like? Do any of the non-uthmanic text-types preserve better readings then the uthmanic text-type / are more "reliable" or authentic? How do different scholars view that?
Did ancient people apply the laws of the torah in the same sense we apply laws today to specific cases scenarios ?
When did Muslims start praying five times a day in the way they do? Do we have any historical evidence on how the earliest muslims used to pray? What does the Quran say for example. Does it command people to pray five times a day?
The Islamic Dilemma & Quranic Cosmology With An Oxford Professor
Is there any table of all the biblical parallels to the Quran or sth like that
What were the late antique and medieval views on hitting your wife in christian and jewish thought - and connected with that question: what are the earliest criticisms by jewish / christian apologists regarding the Quran and islamic Fiqh allowing to hit your wife?
There have been circulating a lot of videos in turkish media, more more precisely „islamic media“ in the last three days. The claim that is being made is that there supposedly was found a inscription in medina of surah al-ikhlas which apparently pre dates the Uthmanic Standardisation. Apparently this then is supposed to „prove“ that the Quran hasn‘t been changed at all and is therefore „divine“ (very apologetic in its undertone)
So my question was if anyone has more information on that inscription and wether the claims being made are true or not.
Here is the link to one of these videos:
In the bible the phrase "the heavens and the earth" can be found multiple times. Here are some examples:
Genesis 1:1
"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth"
Genesis 2:1
"Thus the heavens and the earth were finished"
etc.
My questions is what exactly the bible mean with "heavens and the earth"? What are "the heavens" supposed to be? How did the authors of the bible view the cosmology / universe and the earth back then? Could someone recommend me literature on that too please?
Both in the bible and the quran the phrase "the heavens and the earth" can be found multiple times. Here are some examples:
Genesis 1:1
"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth"
Genesis 2:1
"Thus the heavens and the earth were finished"
Surah 7:54
"Indeed your lord is god who created the heavens and the earth in six days..."
Surah 21:30
"Have those who disbelieved not seen that the heavens and the earth were joined together..."
and hundred of other verses.
My questions is what exactly the bible and the Quran mean with "heavens and the earth"? What are "the heavens" supposed to be? How did the authors of the bible and the Quran view the cosmology / universe and the earth? Could someone recommend me literature on that too please?
Are there any scholars that argue that the bible does claim to be inspired? As far as I know even the verses like 2 Timothy 3,16 are seen as very dubious. So are there any counter arguments to the idea that the bible isn't actually seeing itself as divinely inspired or something in those lines, that were presented by scholars?