At what point does therapeutic neurotechnology progress to transhumanist enhancement?
I’ve been thinking about at what point medical neurotechnology becomes transhumanist enhancement.
A lot of brain-computer interface or neuromodulation work is currently designed for restoring function: paralysis, blindness, depression, Parkinson’s, epilepsy, stroke, addiction, etc. That feels ethically easier to defend because the technology is helping someone recover or manage something harmful.
But if the same underlying technology eventually improves memory, attention, sensory processing, emotional regulation, or direct AR-style perception in healthy people, when is it more than medical technology? At what point do regulators discern between approving the technology for use and approving the application of the technology?
Where would you draw the line between therapy and enhancement - or is there one?