I am a beginner to LATEX and it might sound like a stupid question, but whenever I try to create something say a table or something else not just in one exemplar, I only get one table that is the first one that I've written a code for.
Here's my code:
When I am trying to create an HR diagram and when listing a new catalogue called teff_gspphot from Gaia, it returns me this unexpected error. Please see the picture attached below:
Я бы хотел записаться на черчение, но не знаю насколько оно сложное и куда лучше записаться на рисование, 3Д рисование или все-таки черчение. Также, насколько был сложен предмет черчения, который был насколько я знаю стандартизирован в школах Советского Союза?
Я бы хотел записаться на черчение, но не знаю насколько оно сложное и куда лучше записаться на рисование, 3Д рисование или все-таки черчение. Также, насколько был сложен предмет черчения, который был насколько я знаю стандартизирован в школах Советского Союза?
I've tried to make an HR diagram of off the Github tutorial but when I've finally downloaded the file, it gives me an error. I am a beginner to Python. Here is the code from Github:
In this example, we will use the ASPCAP summary file, which contains observing details, stellar parameters, stellar abundances, and other data for 1,095,480 stars.
To download this file directly from the SAS, go to https://dr19.sdss.org/sas/dr19/spectro/astra/0.6.0/summary/astraAllStarASPCAP-0.6.0.fits.gz. Note this file is over 1 GB in size; if you prefer not to download such a large file, this notebook is available to run and interact with on SciServer
# Load in astra file
localpath
=
'/home/idies/workspace/sdss_sas/dr19/spectro/astra/0.6.0/summary/'
fname
=
'astraAllStarASPCAP-0.6.0.fits.gz'
aspcap
=
Table
.
read(localpath
+
fname, format
=
'fits', hdu
=
2)
print('astraAllStarASPCAP contains %d stars'
%
len(aspcap))
My code:
# Load in astra file
localpath = Users/idk/Downloads/astraAllStarASPCAP-0.6.0.fits.gz
fname = 'astraAllStarASPCAP-0.6.0.fits.gz'
aspcap = Table.read(localpath+fname, format='fits', hdu=2)
print('astraAllStarASPCAP contains %d stars' % len(aspcap))
Error:
Cell In[8], line 3
localpath = Users/idk/Downloads/astraAllStarASPCAP-0.6.0.fits.gz
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
What do I do?
So, I want to create an HR Diagram for each spectral type, selecting one star from each spectral type (O, B, A, F, G, K, M). I got all the data I need from SIMBAD like parallaxes of each star, the B-V out of which I got the spectral types of each star. But, how do I plot it using Gaia in Python and also change the colour of each spectral type to make a distinction. I have created an HR Diagram below using this code, but what do I do when it comes to plotting an HR Diagram for specific stars, do I just include ra and dec of a specific star from Gaia into the job query or what and how do I combine all the stars to accommodate the whole HR Diagram? And how do I calculate the absolute magnitude, what distance do I include? of the parallax? Here's the code itself:
Query for Gaia's Catalogue of Nearby Stars within 25 parsecs from the Sun In the Gaia archive it lives in external.gaiaedr3_gcns_main_1 in the Gaia archive
[5]
5 мин.
job = Gaia.launch_job_async(" SELECT source_id, ra, parallax, dec, phot_g_mean_mag, phot_bp_mean_mag, phot_rp_mean_mag \
FROM external.gaiaedr3_gcns_main_1 \
WHERE parallax>50")
gtable = job.get_results()
INFO:astroquery:Query finished.
INFO: Query finished. [astroquery.utils.tap.core]
[6]
0 сек.
print(gtable.info)
<Table length=2575>
name dtype unit description n_bad
---------------- ------- ---- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----
source_id int64 Gaia eDR3 unique source identifier. Note that this *cannot* be matched against the DR1 or DR2 source_ids. 0
ra float64 deg ICRS right ascension from Gaia eDR3. 0
parallax float32 mas Absolute barycentric stellar parallax of the source at the reference epoch J2016.0. If looking for a distance, consider joining with gedr3dist.main and using the distances from there. 0
dec float64 deg ICRS declination from Gaia eDR3. 0
phot_g_mean_mag float32 mag Mean magnitude in the G band. This is computed from the G-band mean flux applying the magnitude zero-point in the Vega scale. To obtain error estimates, see phot_g_mean_flux_over_error. 5
phot_bp_mean_mag float32 mag Mean magnitude in the integrated BP band. This is computed from the BP-band mean flux applying the magnitude zero-point in the Vega scale. To obtain error estimates, see phot_bp_mean_flux_over_error. 42
phot_rp_mean_mag float32 mag Mean magnitude in the integrated RP band. This is computed from the RP-band mean flux applying the magnitude zero-point in the Vega scale. To obtain error estimates, see phot_rp_mean_flux_over_error. 36
2575 stars are in about 25 parsecs since there is no G band or BP-RP band in photometry in some of the stars, I will plot a color magnitude star
[7]
0 сек.
bp_rp = gtable['phot_bp_mean_mag' ]-gtable['phot_rp_mean_mag']
fig, axcmd = plt.subplots(1,1, figsize = (7,7))
axcmd.hexbin(bp_rp, gtable['phot_g_mean_mag'], bins = 'log', mincnt=1)
axcmd.set_xlabel(r'$(G_\mathrm{BP}-G_\mathrm{RP})$')
axcmd.set_ylabel(r'$G$')
axcmd.invert_yaxis()
plt.show()
HR Diagram with the only difference in adding one line of code to the previous one so that the diagram would become tighter
[14]
bp_rp = gtable['phot_bp_mean_mag' ]-gtable['phot_rp_mean_mag']
abs_gmag = gtable['phot_g_mean_mag']+5*np.log10(gtable['parallax'])-10
fig, axcmd = plt.subplots(1,1, figsize = (7,7))
axcmd.hexbin(bp_rp, gtable['phot_g_mean_mag'], bins = 'log', mincnt=1)
axcmd.set_xlabel(r'$(G_\mathrm{BP}-G_\mathrm{RP})$')
axcmd.set_ylabel(r'$G$')
axcmd.invert_yaxis()
plt.show()
So, I want to create an HR Diagram for each spectral type, selecting one star from each spectral type (O, B, A, F, G, K, M). I got all the data I need from SIMBAD like parallaxes of each star, the B-V out of which I got the spectral types of each star. But, how do I plot it using Gaia in Python and also change the colour of each spectral type to make a distinction. I have created an HR Diagram below using this code, but what do I do when it comes to plotting an HR Diagram for specific stars, do I just include ra and dec of a specific star from Gaia into the job query or what and how do I combine all the stars to accommodate the whole HR Diagram? And how do I calculate the absolute magnitude, what distance do I include? of the parallax? Here's the code itself:
I don't get it, I tried to create a table to then use it for cross-matching but for some reason it gives me this invalid identifier mistake even though the name of the identifier (Nasa ExoPlanet in this case) seems to be correct. My code:
from astroquery.ipac.nexsci.nasa_exoplanet_archive import NasaExoplanetArchive
exocolumns = ['pl_name', 'host-name', 'ra', 'dec', 'sy_gaiamag', 'st_teff', 'st_logg', 'st_met', 'st_lum', 'st_rad', 'st_age']
select_string = ",".join(exocolumns)
exotable = Table(NasaExoplanetArchive.query_criteria(table="pscomppars", select=select_string))
The error:
DALQueryError: ORA-00904: 'NAME': invalid identifier
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
InvalidQueryError Traceback (most recent call last)
/usr/local/lib/python3.12/dist-packages/astroquery/ipac/nexsci/nasa_exoplanet_archive/core.py in query_criteria_async(self, table, get_query_payload, cache, **criteria)
245
response = tap.search(query=tap_query, language='ADQL') # Note that this returns a VOTable
246
except Exception as err:
--> 247 raise InvalidQueryError(str(err))
248
else:
249
if get_query_payload:
InvalidQueryError: ORA-00904: 'NAME': invalid identifier
the error points to the third line, so I guess it’s because of the name of NasaExoplanetArchive.query
Why am I getting an error here:
job = Gaia.launch_job_async(" SELECT source_id, ra, parallax, dec, gmag_gunn, rmag_gunn, imag_gunn, zmag_gunn \
FROM external.gaiaedr3_gcns_main_1 \
WHERE parallax>50" \
, dump_to_file=True, name= 'GcnsTwentyParsec_sdss', output format = 'fits')
gtable_sdss = job.get_results()
Error:
, dump_to_file=True, name= 'GcnsTwentyParsec_sdss',output format = 'fits')
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax. Perhaps you forgot a comma?
I am trying to learn Python by completing a tutorial, specifically I am trying to make a Gaussian function. I tried to search it up on the internet and on one website, they advised to change the name of the variable but it didn't change the error. It is still there. Please help, what do I do? This is the website that I've used to try to make my Gaussian function: https://education.molssi.org/python-data-analysis/03-data-fitting/index.html
Here's my code below:
z = [2,5,7]
y = [9,0,-1]
z = np.asarray(z)
y = np.asarray(y)
def Gauss (z,A, B):
y = A*np.exp(-1*B*x**2)
return y
parameters, covariance = curve_fit(x, y, Gauss)
fit_A = parameters[2]
fit_B = parameters[0]
fit_y = Gauss(z, fit_A, fit_B)
plt.scatter(z, y, label = 'Gauss')
plt.scatter(z, fit_y, color = 'lightcoral')
plt.legend()
And this is the error:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[71], line 8
4
5
def
Gauss (z,A, B):
6 y = A*np.exp(-1*B*x**2)
7
return
y
----> 8 parameters, covariance = curve_fit(x, y, Gauss)
9 fit_A = parameters[2]
10 fit_B = parameters[0]
11 fit_y = Gauss(z, fit_A, fit_B)
File /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/site-packages/scipy/optimize/_minpack_py.py:907, in curve_fit(f, xdata, ydata, p0, sigma, absolute_sigma, check_finite, bounds, method, jac, full_output, nan_policy, **kwargs)
594 """
595 Use non-linear least squares to fit a function, f, to data.
596
(...) 903 array([5.00000000e+05, 1.00000000e-02, 1.49999999e+01])
904 """
905
if
p0
is
None
:
906 # determine number of parameters by inspecting the function
--> 907 sig = _getfullargspec(f)
908 args = sig.args
909
if
len(args) < 2:
File /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/site-packages/scipy/_lib/_util.py:487, in getfullargspec_no_self(func)
466
def
getfullargspec_no_self(func):
467 """inspect.getfullargspec replacement using inspect.signature.
468
469 If func is a bound method, do not list the 'self' parameter.
(...) 485
486 """
--> 487 sig = wrapped_inspect_signature(func)
488 args = [
489 p.name
for
p
in
sig.parameters.values()
490
if
p.kind
in
[inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD,
491 inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY]
492 ]
493 varargs = [
494 p.name
for
p
in
sig.parameters.values()
495
if
p.kind == inspect.Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL
496 ]
File /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/site-packages/scipy/_lib/_util.py:44, in wrapped_inspect_signature(callable)
42
def
wrapped_inspect_signature(callable):
43 """Get a signature object for the passed callable."""
---> 44
return
inspect.signature(callable,
45 annotation_format=annotationlib.Format.FORWARDREF)
File /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/inspect.py:3323, in signature(obj, follow_wrapped, globals, locals, eval_str, annotation_format)
3320
def
signature(obj, *, follow_wrapped=
True
, globals=
None
, locals=
None
, eval_str=
False
,
3321 annotation_format=Format.VALUE):
3322 """Get a signature object for the passed callable."""
-> 3323
return
Signature.from_callable(obj, follow_wrapped=follow_wrapped,
3324 globals=globals, locals=locals, eval_str=eval_str,
3325 annotation_format=annotation_format)
File /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/inspect.py:3038, in Signature.from_callable(cls, obj, follow_wrapped, globals, locals, eval_str, annotation_format)
3033 u/classmethod
3034
def
from_callable(cls, obj, *,
3035 follow_wrapped=
True
, globals=
None
, locals=
None
, eval_str=
False
,
3036 annotation_format=Format.VALUE):
3037 """Constructs Signature for the given callable object."""
-> 3038
return
_signature_from_callable(obj, sigcls=cls,
3039 follow_wrapper_chains=follow_wrapped,
3040 globals=globals, locals=locals, eval_str=eval_str,
3041 annotation_format=annotation_format)
File /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.14/lib/python3.14/inspect.py:2436, in _signature_from_callable(obj, follow_wrapper_chains, skip_bound_arg, globals, locals, eval_str, sigcls, annotation_format)
2426 _get_signature_of = functools.partial(_signature_from_callable,
2427 follow_wrapper_chains=follow_wrapper_chains,
2428 skip_bound_arg=skip_bound_arg,
(...) 2432 eval_str=eval_str,
2433 annotation_format=annotation_format)
2435
if
not
callable(obj):
-> 2436
raise
TypeError
('
{!r}
is not a callable object'.format(obj))
2438
if
isinstance(obj, types.MethodType):
2439 # In this case we skip the first parameter of the underlying
2440 # function (usually `self` or `cls`).
2441 sig = _get_signature_of(obj.__func__)
TypeError: array([2, 5, 7]) is not a callable object
I’m an M28 and these are my subjects: 1)English A Lang & Lit HL 2) Spanish B SL 3) Physics HL 4) Math AA HL 5) Economics HL 6) Business Management SL
I’ve read on Reddit that just purely based on statistics, it is the Language A subjects that tend to have the highest grade in EE. But, my school also offers a combination of two subjects to be incorporated in the EE. So what should I choose? I am very passionate about Physics but I’m afraid it will take too much time and will be arduous to complete.
I am an M28, starting IBDP soon. I’m sure that I want to become an electrical engineer by like 60% but I want to keep options open as I’m also considering going for international relations or economics or a double major. My uni priority is T-100 US universities and safeties in Europe like Netherlands, Hungary and also perhaps I wanna apply to US unis abroad like NYUAD or Duke Khanshasa in China. Here is my current subject selection choice:
I am taking four HLs but it’s only because my English A teacher told me that there is no difference between the content of HL and SL and after the mocks in the end of DP1, I could switch to SL in DP2.
My school is also considering offering new subjects next year like History or Global Politics but I’m still unsure whether they will be implemented. However, I am very much passionate about both politics and history. Furthermore, I was considering taking History SL instead of Bus Man SL; however, after reading on Reddit how hard History actually is and how little difference there is between SL and HL, I consolidated on Bus Man SL.
Any advice, changes? Will I be able to cope with Math AA HL and Physics HL? I am passionate about Physics but not that much about Math AA. Nonetheless, I finished MYP5 very well with 5 7s and the rest are 6s with Physics being one of the subject where I got a 7, whereas Maths was a 6.
Thanks!