How do clinicians distinguish ADHD from learned self-regulation problems and emotional dysregulation?
I was first diagnosed with ADHD at 16. I tried Ritalin, developed significant depressive symptoms, and my mother didn’t pursue treatment further. Over the next \~15 years I was diagnosed with BPD and bipolar disorder (bipolar was later ruled out), and two psychiatrists doubted ADHD. Recently, a targeted adult ADHD assessment strongly supported ADHD and I started lisdexamfetamine.
My problem is that I can construct two explanations for my life.
I was an extremely intense, emotional, easily bored child who constantly wanted something else. But I was also raised with very little structure or consistent boundaries. My mother struggled with my emotions, so if I became upset/persistent enough, I often got what I wanted. Even school attendance wasn’t strongly enforced. She was also the informant for my recent assessment, but becomes defensive when asked about my childhood, so I’m unsure how reliable that history is.
What if I simply never learned frustration tolerance/self-regulation and it now looks like ADHD?
On the other hand, I have lifelong stimulation-seeking and executive difficulties. I can work, maintain my home and fulfill responsibilities, but starting routine tasks can feel disproportionately difficult even after doing them hundreds of times. My brain automatically plays out every step/transition beforehand (e.g. gym = get ready → bus → walk → change → exercise → reverse the whole process), making tasks feel exhausting before I start.
Boredom can feel almost physically painful. I talk A LOT and have sought stimulation through things like sex/hypersexuality and sometimes alcohol. Interestingly, when I worked insanely busy 18-hour days in television, with constant deadlines/problems/stimulation, I felt more focused, regulated and “normal” than during quiet periods.
Four years ago I also went through an extremely distressing relationship and my functioning became significantly worse afterward. I have intense relationship-related emotional dysregulation: rejection, uncertainty, not reaching my partner or plans changing can trigger a physical emergency response before I’ve even consciously processed what happened. I know this could be attachment/BPD/learned regulation rather than ADHD.
SSRIs/SNRIs reduced anxiety somewhat but never quieted my brain or helped the apathy/understimulation; mood stabilizers such as lamotrigine did basically nothing. Lisdexamfetamine sometimes makes my brain/body feel quieter, thoughts less sticky and boredom easier to tolerate, and I crave alcohol less. I know stimulant response does NOT prove ADHD.
So how do clinicians distinguish lifelong ADHD from intense temperament + lack of childhood structure/self-regulation + attachment/emotional dysregulation when childhood memories and parental reports are unreliable?
I’m not asking Reddit to diagnose me. I’m trying to understand what evidence actually helps distinguish these possibilities.
TL;DR: ADHD was diagnosed at 16 and again recently, but I also grew up with little structure and have major emotional/attachment issues. How can clinicians distinguish ADHD from learned self-regulation problems when childhood history is unreliable?