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The following conclusions are, therefore, forced upon any reader of the two books who has studied Nilus’s account of the origin of the Protocols and has some acquaintance with Russian history in the years preceding the revolution of 1905-1906:

1. The Protocols are largely a paraphrase of the book here provisionally called the “Geneva Dialogues.”
2. They were designed to foster the belief among Russian Conservatives, and especially in Court circles, that the prime cause of discontent among the politically minded elements in Russia was not the repressive policy of the bureaucracy, but a worldwide Jewish conspiracy. They thus served as a weapon against the Russian Liberals, who urged the Czar to make certain concessions to the intelligentsia.
3. The Protocols were paraphrased very hastily and carelessly.
4. Such portions of the Protocols as were not derived from the Geneva Dialogues were probably supplied by the Okhrana, which organization very possibly obtained them from the many Jews it employed to spy on their co-religionists.

So much for the Protocols. They have done harm not so much, in the writer’s opinion, by arousing anti-Jewish feeling, which is older than the Protocols and will persist in all countries where there is a Jewish problem until that problem is solved; rather, they have done harm by persuading all sorts of mostly well-to-do people that every recent manifestation of discontent on the part of the poor is an unnatural phenomenon, a factitious agitation caused by a secret society of Jews.

For nearly four months, the United Nations has had before it an appeal for “immediate and urgent” consideration of the case of the Jewish populations in Arab and Moslem countries stretching from Morocco to India.

Four months ago, it was announced that Jews residing in Arab and Middle East areas were in “extreme and imminent danger.” Now that the end of the mandate has precipitated civil war or even worse developments in Palestine, it is feared that the repercussions of this in Moslem countries will put the Jewish populations in many of these states in mortal peril.

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The Six Day War went into its third year last week. Palestinian Arab guerrillas, once the butt of Israeli humor, suddenly are assuming new importance—not so much for their acts of terrorism, but because of the way the entire Arab world is reacting even to their most minor exploits. The old dream of Palestinian nationalism is suddenly alive. Arabs who experienced deep humiliation over their crushing defeat by the Israelis now savor the taste of victory in the commandos' savage attacks, which have included the time-bombing of an airliner in which 47 people died and the ghastly rocketing of a crowded school bus.

That taste is all the sweeter for the fact that the very idea of Palestine, a nation that exists only in the minds of those who want to believe in it, encompasses the whole of their mortal fight against Israel. In Arab eyes, no settlement is possible in the Middle East if it does not include recognition of what they consider the rights of the 1.5 million Palestinians who fled Israel in the 1948 and 1967 wars. The small guerrilla bands are often bitterly divided among themselves, united only in their dream of a homeland. "You might call us the Zionists of the Arab World," a young fedayeen (freedom fighter) said recently, only half in jest.

Their esprit became evident this spring, when Palestinians in Lebanon and Jordan turned out by the hundreds of thousands to mark the second anniversary of the battle of Karameh. In this fight, 200 guerrillas were detailed to reinforce regular Jordanian army units and were badly mauled by the Israelis. But the Palestinian guerrillas see it not as another defeat but a joyful event. "It was then that our nation was born," they explain.

– LIFE | June 12, 1970

CAIRO, Egypt, Dec. 3 (U.P.)—The Arab League announced today that its eleven member States would boycott all Jewish-produced goods from Palestine beginning Jan. 1.

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As “Medinat Yisrael” (State of Israel) was proclaimed, the battle for Jerusalem raged, with most of the city falling to the Jews. At the same time, President Truman announced that the United States would accord recognition to the new State. A few hours later, Palestine was invaded by Moslem armies from the south, east and north, and Tel Aviv was raided from the air. On Friday the United Nations General Assembly adjourned after adopting a resolution to appoint a mediator but without taking any action on the Partition Resolution of November 29.

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