
Floating gates are the only analog compute element you can fab today with zero extra mask steps
Some might say I'm obsessed with this whole analog computing thing. But its only because I find it so interesting! For some quick background I wrote a previous introductory explainer about how computing some things in the analog domain can be far more efficient than doing so digitally. As a constant outlet for my interests, I wrote another article going through how to use this old technology for some ML-type work. I start at the transistor level, take some time to compare FGs to other technologies and go on to describe what a benchmark would look like in both the digital and analog worlds.
https://sangota.substack.com/p/analog-can-scale-heres-how
TLDR: You can get ~1000x (3 orders of magnitude) energy reduction with an accuracy within 3 points (95.5% digital vs 92.7% analog) while maintaining faster inference speed (~15uS digital vs 7uS analog) thanks to fewer levels of indirection (gate depth).
The post is also supposed to serve as a standalone educational tour of circuits covering MOSFETs, Flash technology (in SSDs), and the analog and digital circuit design process. If you're interested in learning about any of this stuff I hope this helps.
P.S. main picture is from this paper explaining how FGs can be made :)