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ya ali madad, please dm if you are a arabic reader, i need your help, thanks!

O believers! When you consult the Messenger privately, give something in charity before your consultation. That is better and purer for you. But if you lack the means, then Allah is truly All-Forgiving, Most Merciful. Quran 58:12

Salaam / Hello,

I am interested in reading academic theses, scholarly articles, or well-researched books that compare Twelver Shi'ism and Ismailism, particularly on doctrinal matters. Some of the topics I am especially interested in include:

The doctrine of the Twelve Imams vs. the concept of a continuous, living Imamate.

The Occultation (Ghaybah) of the Twelfth Imam vs. the belief in a manifest, present Imam.

Which understanding of Imamate more coherently fulfils the role of divine guidance—that is, whether guidance is best understood through a living Imam who is present among the community, or through the leadership of scholars (mujtahids/ayatollahs) during the Imam's absence.

I would also appreciate recommendations for other important doctrinal topics that I may have overlooked and that are worth exploring in a comparative study.

If anyone could recommend credible, balanced, and academically rigorous resources whether books, journal articles, or theses I would be very grateful.

Thank you very much for taking the time to read my post and for helping me expand my understanding.

Also, if you can tag this post to someone who can be helpful, thank you

Salaam,

I am interested in reading academic theses, scholarly articles, or well-researched books that compare Twelver Shi'ism and Ismailism, particularly on doctrinal matters. Some of the topics I am especially interested in include:

The doctrine of the Twelve Imams vs. the concept of a continuous, living Imamate.

The Occultation (Ghaybah) of the Twelfth Imam vs. the belief in a manifest, present Imam.

Which understanding of Imamate more coherently fulfils the role of divine guidance—that is, whether guidance is best understood through a living Imam who is present among the community, or through the leadership of scholars (mujtahids/ayatollahs) during the Imam's absence.

I would also appreciate recommendations for other important doctrinal topics that I may have overlooked and that are worth exploring in a comparative study.

If anyone could recommend credible, balanced, and academically rigorous resources whether books, journal articles, or theses I would be very grateful.

Thank you very much for taking the time to read my post and for helping me expand my understanding.

Also, if you can tag this post to someone who can be helpful, thank you

Genuinely curious to understand the Twelver Shi’a perspective on this matter and hoping to learn through respectful discussion.

From what I have often heard, many Twelver brothers and sisters mention that earlier prophets also had “12 successors” or divinely guided representatives, and that this pattern is reflected again in the 12 Imams after Muhammad through Ali ibn Abi Talib AS up to the 12th Imam.

However, when I try to compare the historical models, I find myself confused about how the two structures are being reconciled.

For example, in the time of Moses and Jesus, the “12 successors” seem to appear more as a companion-based or collective model meaning multiple representatives, disciples, chiefs, or leaders existing around the prophet and assisting the community simultaneously.

Whereas in Twelver Shi’a theology, the Imamate after the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ appears as a sequential hereditary model:

one Imam at a time,

each Imam succeeding the previous Imam,

continuing in a linear chain from father to son.

So my question is:

If the earlier prophetic models were more “vertical” (multiple representatives connected to one prophet/community at the same period), how is that considered equivalent to the later “horizontal” model of one Imam after another across generations in Twelver theology?

To put it differently:

Who exactly were the 12 successors of Moses AS?

Who exactly were the 12 successors of Jesus AS?

Were they understood as Imams in the same theological sense as the 12 Imams of Twelver Shi’ism?

Or is the similarity only symbolic in the number 12 rather than in the actual structure of authority?

From a Nizari Ismaili perspective, I find this discussion interesting because the institution of Imamate is generally understood as a living and continuous guidance, so I am curious how Twelver scholars or students of theology explain the apparent difference between these historical models of succession.

This is not intended as criticism or polemics only an attempt to better understand the theological consistency behind the comparison often made between earlier prophetic successors and the 12 Imams in Twelver Shi’ism.

An interesting book on this topic.

https://x.com/i/status/2049515947937939765