arXiv received 40,363 submissions this September. It says AI is helping drive the surge and now caps every submitter at 2 a month. Is a blanket cap the right fix?
Until 2018 there was no comprehensive list anywhere of which scientific papers had been retracted. Nobody was keeping track. Two journalists with full-time day jobs built one in their spare time, and neither has ever taken a salary for it.
A PhD student co-built a tool that recalculates statistics already printed in psychology papers. It found that half contained at least 1 inconsistency & about 1 in 8 had one serious enough to change whether a result counted as statistically significant.
3 academics running a blog flagged data problems in four papers by a Harvard professor whose speciality was research on honesty. She sued them for $25 million. The case was dismissed. In 2025 Harvard revoked her tenure, the first time in decades.
In 1933 the head of the LSE started an emergency operation to rescue academics being dismissed from German universities. Staff took pay cuts to fund it. Of the scholars they saved, 18 later won Nobel Prizes. The organisation still exists.
For fifty years he had no home, no job and nothing beyond one suitcase. He turned up unannounced at mathematicians' doors and said "My brain is open." He published around 1,500 papers with 507 co-authors, more than anyone in history.
He invented the h-index in 2005. Administrators took him literally. Fifteen years later he wrote that it can "fail spectacularly" and compared himself to the sorcerer's apprentice.
The scientific journal began as a side hustle. In 1665, a cash-strapped Royal Society secretary started one to make money. Two years later, he was locked in the Tower of London as a suspected spy.
In 1936, Einstein and Rosen submitted a paper arguing gravitational waves didn’t exist. Einstein angrily withdrew it after a critical review. The referee was right: Einstein later revised the paper
A sociologist named the pattern where famous scientists get credit for work done by lesser-known ones. His own paper was built on a colleague's research and went out under his name alone. He admitted it five years later.
The reason journal subscriptions cost what they do traces back to one publisher in the 1950s, who realised scientists hand over their work for free and libraries have no choice but to buy it back.
He invented the impact factor in the early 1960s to help librarians work out which journals to subscribe to. It became the number that decides who gets hired, promoted and funded. He later compared it to nuclear energy.
The most important dataset in earth science has a visible gap in it from 1964, because the funding ran out and the instruments broke. On Christmas Eve 2013, the man who inherited it posted a public appeal for donations to keep it running.
arXiv began in 1991 on a server under one man's desk. It now holds over 2.5 million papers and much of physics, maths and computer science depends on it daily. Asked whether the team's biggest struggle is funding, staffing or volume, its scientific director answered: "Yes."
John Hunter built Matplotlib while working with children’s epilepsy data and released it as open source. It later helped generate the first black-hole image. He died at 44, and his colleagues created a fund for his three daughters.
Over 1,000 fraudulent papers have been retracted because of one retired man in New Zealand working for free under a joke pseudonym. His reason: fake cancer results get laundered into clinical advice, and people die.
A neuroscientist built a site where researchers could anonymously critique published papers. A cancer scientist who lost a $350,000 job after being flagged there sued to unmask the commenters. His own university had already found he committed widespread misconduct.
"Breast cancer" became "bosom peril." "Artificial intelligence" became "counterfeit consciousness." A computer scientist realised these absurd phrases were fingerprints left by plagiarism-dodging software, built a tool to hunt them, and it has led to over 1,000 retractions.