This is from a twitter user and addresses an interesting point about mixed peoples genetic relation to europe.

It's a pretty common and simple concept that many people here already understand. If you mix two people of more or less related ethnicities it affects how genetically close they are to said ethnicity. In the case here when taking european ethnicities, they are most closely related to west asians and very european shifted central asians, followed by north africans. They are further from noticeably mixed(as in 20%+ east eurasian including ancient ancestral south indian and sub saharan african admixture) part west eurasian ethnicities and groups such as south asians, horn africans, central asians, and most modern latinos(who are mixes of european, sub saharan african, and indigenous amerindian). Europeans are very far from east eurasians such as east and southeast asians, aboriginal and papuan people, polynesians, and amerindians, and the farthest from sub saharan africans.

Therefore if someone is a mix between west asians or north africans for example, they will plot noticeably close to european ethnicities on a pca. Ashkenazi jews and north caucasian(as in the caucasus mountains, not scandinavian people, scandinavians are very much europeans) ethnicities are great examples of this, both are mixes of west asian and european groups and are still quite close with european ethnicities on a pca. The image here uses a moern example of a spaniard for european and syrian for west asian, and they also plot among the border area of the southern italian and greek mediteranean island areas.

On the other hand as illustrated in the image above, european and say amerindian or mulato/lightskin(sub saharan african and european) mixed people will be noticeably more distant from europeans genetically. Even a small amount of admixture from these groups can shift someone noticeably away from europe genetically due to how distant these people are from europe.

Lastly I don't want to turn this into a purity debate or anything of the sorts, especially since phenotype does not equal genotype, although there is a strong correlation. This is often why you will see many europeans mixed with west asian or north african ethnicities just "appear european" or white, but that tends not to hold up for someone mixed with east eurasian or sub saharan african ethnicities. For example looking at many celebrities, mainly european mother west asia or north african father, like Bella Hadid, or even Zayn Malik(european and part south asian) nearly all of them are "white/european appearing" especially if their non european parent is as well. On the other hand the average mexican is somewhere around 40% european and 60% amerindian, but no one would say that the average mexican looks european, you'd be hard pressed to even find northern mexicans with higher european admixture, where people would say that.

I think I already know what people are going to say. On r/23andme they said I just look Polish. But my personal experience has been that I look neither Polish nor Pakistani. Perhaps something in between. On top of that, my Pakistani family doesn't look like what people stereotype Pakistanis as. That could play into people's perception of me a bit.

I tested my F2 distances to 10 modern Levantine, Jewish, and even Arabian groups. Here are the results in order (closest to furthest):

1. Lebanese_Muslim.HO — 0.00121
2. Lebanese_Christian.HO — 0.00124
3. Jordanian.HO — 0.00150
4. Palestinian.HO — 0.00200
5. Syrian.HO — 0.00225
6. Iraqi_Jew.HO — 0.00248
7. Druze.HO — 0.00269
8. Jew_Ashkenazi.HO — 0.00289
9. Saudi.HO — 0.00389
10. BedouinB.HO — 0.00637

Of course, sample number and quality could improve. But results are accurate nonetheless. This was tested on the AADR v66 Human Origins (HO) dataset.

TLDR: There was a Roman soldier found in Viminacium, Serbia, dated to around year 1CE-200CE, and this individual clusters with modern Chadians (or Sudanese, there’s some overlap).

www.dnagenics.com/ancestry/sample/view/cinematic/id/i15499?srsltid=AfmBOoorx7VZPTbbQ-hXfBQMT7FxxS449u24PJudSr\_irVxpi9QIXE01

I15499,-0.30695762,0.09753364,-0.01858284,-0.05810706,0.00094362,-0.02401362,-0.0206708,0.01206826,0.05240996,-0.01930636,0.00187438,-0.01094892,0.02471846,-0.0003195,0.01444652,-0.0020027,0.0093875,-0.00294732,0.0016945,0.00618976,0.00202908,0.00337882,0.00279404,0.0032185,-0.00398695

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.30.458211v1.full

From the study:

Three individuals from ∼1-250 CE did not fit into the two major clusters. Two males from Viminacium could be modelled using Iron Age individuals from Northwest Europe as their only source (Figure 2; Supplementary section 12.5), pointing to a Northwestern European origin also supported by the R1b-U106 paternal lineage, which was not been detected in the Balkans in earlier periods but was found at high frequencies in Germanic-speaking areas, both in ancient and present-day individuals.

The most remarkable outlier is male I15499, excavated at Pirivoj necropolis in Viminacium, who projects outside West Eurasian genetic diversity (Figure S7). When we incorporated African populations onto the PCA (Figure S8), he projected within the variation of present-day East African populations and close to early Christians from Northern Sudan from 500-800 CE 21 who provide a good fit for his ancestry in qpAdm (Figure 2; Supplementary section 12.4).

An Eastern African ancestral origin agrees with his uniparental markers mtDNA L2a1j and Y-chromosome E1b-V32, both common in East Africa today 17,22. Archeological examination of I15499’s grave found an oil lamp depicting an eagle, the symbol of Roman legion (Figure S2C). Although lamps are a common finding in Viminacium graves 23, not many depict military iconography. We hypothesize that this male was a Roman legionary or auxiliary stationed at Viminacium.

Finally, and it's been long overdue! A similar feature that 23andme has long since had. Now, it will make my search for continental African matches as well as others much less time consuming.

Mother side is from marakesh and father side is from tinghir with a great grandfather being Amazigh.

I cluster closest to Muslim Levantines. For comparison I posted the average Palestinian Muslim closest distances, and then one specifically for Palestinian Muslims from Gaza.

The source is Moriopoulos' 2026 Moderns Collection (No Sims).

Samaritan 5 sample is 3/4 Samaritan and 1/4 Ashkenazi - pulling the average a bit more Northward.

https://histanthro.org/notes/living-monuments/

Based on my calculations this should be Samaritan 6:

Samaritan6,0.0853674,0.1486734,-0.0573978,-0.0925072,-0.0096018,-0.0350286,-0.002209,-0.0081688,0.016321,0.008237,0.0091586,-0.0099212,0.0204854,0.0118632,-0.0055372,0.0021214,-0.011239,0.0010134,0.0021116,-0.003652,-0.0005242,0.003116,0.000567,-0.0029402,0.0046462

I tested my admixture from both the Bronze Age and Roman Era. It seems like not much has changed haha

Models can be shared upon request. Especially the Roman Levant cluster which I know I'll be asked about lol.

I'm from Porto, Northwestern Portugal. I posted last week on the AncestryDNA sub and now I'm posting here, showing the comparison between both results.

I'm adding an extra picture of myself, since last week some people were under the impression that I was a redhead, which I'm not. My hair was just directly under the light.

My results on Nexogeno were incredibly accurate, as I have ancestors from Türkiye and Sicily. I found that interesting

Different Hunter-Gatherer and Farmer results across different calculators — Neolithic and Bronze Ages (My family's and mine).

The genetic data confirms that the Latin speaking Pindus (Vlachs) of Metsovo and the wider Pindus region are genetically indistinguishable from their Greek neighbors in Ioannina and the rest of Epirus. They have paleo Greek Epirus DNA found in the Pindus Mountains that stretches back 40 thousand years.

For centuries, a popular historical theory suggested that the Vlachs were the direct, stranded descendants of Roman legionaries or Italian colonists who settled in the Balkans. However, modern genetic sequencing has decisively proven that this is a case of linguistic assimilation, not genetic replacement. The local indigenous populations adopted Vulgar Latin during the Roman Empire's dominance, but their DNA remained fundamentally native to the region.

Explore Your DNA

The historic mountain town of Metsovo. Source: Greece Is

The 2006 Bosch et al. Study

The study you are referring to is the landmark 2006 paper by evolutionary geneticist Elena Bosch and her team.

• What they tested: The researchers analyzed Y-chromosome (paternal) and mtDNA (maternal) lineages across the Balkans, paying specific attention to Aromanian populations to test the theory of their Roman origin. ResearchGate
• The findings: The study found a highly homogeneous genetic landscape across the Balkans. Aromanians were found to be genetically contiguous with the non-Aromanian populations surrounding them (Greeks, ). ResearchGate+ 1
• The Metsovo factor: The only genetic distinctiveness found among Pindus Vlachs was decreased variation due to "founder drift". Because towns like Metsovo are high-altitude, historically isolated mountain communities, their gene pools became slightly more insulated over time. However, the researchers explicitly ruled out an Italian or Roman genetic contribution, proving their ancestry is overwhelmingly local. Explore Your DNA+ 1

Confirmation from Modern Autosomal DNA Tests

Since 2006, the advent of high-throughput autosomal DNA sequencing (looking at the entire genome rather than just paternal/maternal haplogroups) has further confirmed Bosch's findings.

1. Global25 & Genomic Modeling: Modern archaeogenetic tools like the Global25 coordinate system allow geneticists to plot modern populations against ancient DNA from Mycenaean, Iron Age, and Roman-era bones. When tested, southern Pindus Vlachs (like those in Epirus) model almost exactly as a local "Aegean substrate" mixed with a lighter Medieval Slavic layer—identical to the DNA profile of mainland Greeks. Explore Your DNA
2. No "Pull" Toward Italy: If the Vlachs were descendants of Roman colonists, their DNA models would require an Italian or Roman source to compute properly. Geneticists have noted that there is absolutely no Vlach-specific genetic pull toward Italy. Explore Your DNA
3. Northern vs. Southern Vlachs: Further proving that the language spread across existing populations, DNA tests show that the Romanians of the north and the Pindus Vlachs of the south have different genetic baselines. Northern Romanians carry a much heavier Slavic and Dacian (Danubian) substrate, while Epirus Pindus Vlachs of Metsovo carry an Aegean (Greek) substrate. Both speak sister languages, but neither carries Roman DNA. Explore Your DNA+ 2

Key References

If you need to cite these findings, here are the primary academic and genetic references confirming this data:

• Bosch, E., et al. (2006). "Paternal and maternal lineages in the Balkans show a homogeneous landscape over linguistic barriers, except for the isolated Aromuns." Annals of Human Genetics, 70(4), 459-487. (This is the specific study you mentioned, proving the underlying genetic similarity of all tested Balkan groups and isolating genetic drift as the only variable).
• Stamatoyannopoulos, G., et al. (2017). "Genetics of the peloponnesean populations and the theory of extinction of the medieval peloponnesean Greeks." European Journal of Human Genetics, 25(5), 637-645. (While focused heavily on the Peloponnese, this study and its broader datasets confirm the genetic continuity and homogeneity of modern Greeks across linguistic subgroups).
• Kushniarevich, A., et al. (2015). "Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data." PLoS ONE, 10(9). (Provides crucial autosomal context for the Balkan region, demonstrating how indigenous populations absorbed linguistic shifts without demographic replacement).