r/IndoAryan
The first Ramayana to be translated from Sanskrit to another Indo-Aryan language, The Assamese Ramayana.
We all already know about the Kamba Ramayanam, the Tamizh Ramayana, as the first Ramayana to be translated from Sanskrit to another language. But, most of us are unaware that, the first Ramayana to be translated from Sanskrit to another Indo-Aryan language and the third Ramayana to be translated to another language, preceded only by the Tamizh and Telugu Ramayana, is actually from our own state Assam. It is called the 'Xoptokando Ramayon' (সপ্তকাণ্ড ৰামায়ণ), authored by the 14th century Assamese poet Madhav Kandali who translated the Valmiki Ramayana to Assamese. Most of the Xoptokando Ramayon was written by Madhav Kandali upon the request of the Kachari king Mahamanikya. In his court, as his court poet Madhav Kandali authored the translated version as a long poem. The poetic work uses various metres for different moods and situations. Some of the metres used are 'pada' (fourteen syllables, four lines of verses), 'jhumura' (four lines, with eight syllables each), 'dulari' (three lines, first and second has six syllables each and the third has eight syllables), and 'chhavi' (like 'dulari' but with different syllabic structure). The 'pada' metre became very popular in later Assamese compositions.
The Xoptokando Ramayon is also regarded one of the earliest written examples of the Assamese language.
A unique feature of this work is the non-heroic portrayal of Lord Rama, Sita and other characters as stated by Madhav Kandali himself which apparently made the translated version 'unsuitable' for religious purposes. Moreover, there was a critical overview of the character of Rama rather than blind praise. Plus, Sita wasn't shown as a calm and composed woman. Her emotions were shown raw. She sometimes cried while thumping her chest, or pointed fingers at those who questioned her character and was shown as a defiant woman, showing actual human feminine emotions. This feature disturbed a later post, Ananta Kandali, who was a disciple of Mahapurush Srimanta Sankardeva, who was moved enough to comment on it. According to one tale called the 'Guru Sorito', the poet Ananta Kandali apparently tried to erase the Xoptokando Ramayon and replace it with a Ramayana of his own that was conservative in manner. After which, Madhav Kandali apparently appeared in the dream of his disciple Sankardeva and told him to preserve the Ramayana.
By then, the first and last chapters of the Ramayana were lost, called the Adikanda and Uttarakanda.
After having the dream, Sankardeva told his disciple Madhabdeva to author the Adikanda while he himself began work on translating the Uttarakanda. They both, hence completed the Xoptokando Ramayon in the 15th century. There were also undeniable later additions and refinements by poets like Ananta Kandali and others which sophisticated the work.
Sankardeva praises his teacher Madhav Kandali after the completion of the poem. This poetic work had a great influence on Sankardeva and later Assamese poets.
This work is one of the many examples of the richness of the Assamese language and Assamese Vaishnavite culture.
Source: https://w.wiki/5HhR
u/GrumpyGuyMugdha — 7 days ago
Regarding The Origin and etomology of word Kashmir
origin of the name of Kashmir have been a center of historical and linguistic debate for centuries. And etomology of it's name is even till now been debated,let's dive into the rabbit hole.
Regarding the origin of the name kashmir have many theory lets take a look at them:-
Kashyapa theory:- this dosent need an introduction, This mystical story is from Nilmat Purana which was written in 7th century.
Kashmir - Dessiociated land, this theory originated from Nilmaya purana that Kashmira is from "Ka" and "Shemira" meaning Dryed up land. This theory has its own problems because there is no direct word in sanskrit for "drying" as "shmira".
Unandi sutra:- this text got importance in recent times. Unandi sutra was written on sanskrit grammer. Many historians across centuries commented on unandi and binding up all, we could conclude that from 4.30 to 4.32 it has reference to kashmira name etomology. it states that Kashmira means "a place worth visiting to" or " a place kings go to rule".
This another theory is that for Saffron sanskrit name is "Kashmira" so kashmir maybe got its name after saffron.
Now time for another version, this theory states that Kasiya was a name of a buddhist saint from whom kashmir got its name, so kashmira means Kasiya's garden.
Babur's theory:- Another one, it was propagated by babur. He said " a hill kingdom along himilayas is inhibited by a race of men called kas'" he also added that kashmir got its namen from this Kash/Kush tribe who were originally central asian. He said there are many places name after Kush across middle east, central asia and Himilayas like Hindu Kush, Koshmar in central asia, Kashmar,Kashi, Kashiya, Kashtwar etc.
Some people pointed out that Kash/Kush was the name of the son of Noah but this feels exaurated.
This theory states that kashmir which in local language is called as "Kasheir" originates from a Hebrew word meaning "Like syria". This theory is mostly propagated by the people who believe some lost tribes of isreal settled in Kashmir
Another theory says Kashmira is originated from Sanskrit word meaning "channels of water" or mountain, This theory needs further analysis
Another theory is that Kashmir gets it's name from the Himilayan tribe Khashas. There are many communities across himalayas in himachal, Uttarakhand and Nepal as khas. Some believed before the arrival of Indo Aryans, Himalaya was inhibited by Alleged East Asian community called as Khas or Khasa, others believe Khasa were nothing but Indo Aryan community of the himilayas. kind of similar compare to Babur's Hypothesis.
Another theory is that Kashmira is from a Sanskrit name meaning Lord's palace. This theory also need further research.
Now This theory is quite interesting, This theory was pointed out by some linguistics that Kashmir name might have old dardic roots like in shina/khowar it's "Kashir" ka in older dardic traditions means water and "ier" is associated with people. In kashmiri "Kashmir" is "kasheir". So acc to this theory Sanskrit might have bought the word from Burushaski/shina.
Now Last theory of our chapter links origin of Kashmir to Achemid Pre Islamic empire and messapotamia which is already too far fetched so skip this....
Articles
Unandi sutra
Wikipedia
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History\_of\_Kashmir
Who was kashyapa reshi
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashyapa
Hebrew theory;
Unandi sutra
u/American_Bitch-468 — 8 days ago
▲ 0 r/IndoAryan
Why do dravidian languages have more names sounding like hindu gods whereas hindu gods are said to originated post aryan migration
reddit.comu/ankm83 — 9 days ago
The Maharashtri Cousins
Context- After the fall of Mauryas, who left their influence on Sri Lanka and Maldives, Maharashtri Prakrit, the Satavahana court's lingua franca reached Sri Lanka and Maldives via Konkan merchants and Buddhist monks from ports like Sopara. This left phonological imprints in Elu (proto-Sinhala)—e.g., /r/ > /l/ (Skt. rāja > lā), geminate stops—inherited into modern insular languages, distinct from eastern Magadhi Prakrit's traits. https://archive.roar.media/english/life/history/sri-lankas-megalithic-burial-grounds?
Today, all four Mahl, Sinhala, Marathi and Konkani are considered cousins (sometimes sisters) within the southern / Insular Indo‑Aryan family
https://www.hinduscriptures.in/today-s-bharat/languages/languages-of-lakshadweep?
u/Ordinary-Badger-5170 — 11 days ago
▲ 8 r/IndoAryan
What kind of changes brought about to food and eating habits as a result of aryan migration into India? Anything materially different to ivc diets? Any proofs of same
reddit.comu/ankm83 — 8 days ago
Learning Konkani
Hello! 👋🏻
I’m Italian and I majored in Translation Studies. One of my main languages is Portuguese, so I’ve always known about Goa and its history, however more recently I’ve been wanting to learn Konkani to get to know more about Goa. What would your suggestions be? Textbooks? Talking to people? I’ve tried that on apps like Tandem but there are virtually no Konkani speakers on there (native speakers at least). Also, I’m aware there are many dialects and I think I want to learn the one spoken in Goa, if that makes sense. Are the dialects really that different from each other? I’m new to this, sorry for any confusion!
Please, leave your suggestions 🙏🏻 I’m grateful for any feedback.
u/vdd0012 — 11 days ago
▲ 25 r/IndoAryan
Is there a script for Sanskrit or an adapted one to write on clay?
u/Great-Suggestion526 — 11 days ago
▲ 53 r/IndoAryan
Imagine destroying Rigvedic Aryanism through this vile Late & Post-Vedic BABU ideology and then having a the audacity to call yourself "Aryan"
u/Sudden_Book4367 — 15 days ago
PhD student Bhargav Joshi currently studying at the University of California, Davis has used their Instagram platform (@project_rtam) to post repeated content targeting marginalized communities across caste, sexuality, and religion.
Over time, this individual has used their Instagram platform (@project_rtam) to post repeated content targeting marginalized communities across caste, sexuality, and religion.
This includes:
- Statements advocating for eugenics and restricting reproduction of certain communities
- Repeated hate speech directed at oppressed identities
- Content that appears to promote violence against marginalized groups
In addition, there are serious concerns around harassment, including interactions involving minors.
u/ajay-rut — 15 days ago
Original Koshur name of Places in Kashmir!
u/Reasonable_Spirit732 — 14 days ago