
HISTORICAL: Lake Sturgeon, One Of North America’s Oldest Freshwater Fish Species, May Live Past 400 Years, More Than Doubling USFWS’s 150-Year Estimate, After Michigan DNR Scientists Applied The Greenland Shark Aging Model To 44 Years Of Capture-Recapture Data 🐠
Lake sturgeon, one of North America’s oldest freshwater fish species, may live far longer than previously believed, potentially reaching ages of 200, 300, or even more than 400 years old, according to a new study led by Edward Baker of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, published in the Journal of Fish Biology. This dramatically exceeds the US Fish and Wildlife Service’s prior estimate that lake sturgeon could live up to 150 years, a figure already far beyond human lifespans, which top out around 122 years. “Scientists have long recognized that lake sturgeon are among North America’s longest-lived freshwater fish,” said Michigan State University co-author Scott Colborne. “But the new study suggests they may live far longer than previously appreciated. These fish are a living connection to history.”
The breakthrough came from rethinking how scientists measure sturgeon age. Researchers traditionally count growth rings on the fish’s pectoral fin spine, similar to counting tree rings, but the rings become increasingly compressed and difficult to distinguish as the fish age, leading researchers to suspect systematic underestimation. To get around this limitation, Baker’s team turned to a capture-mark-recapture dataset spanning 44 years, comparing body length measurements of tagged fish over time to calculate adult growth rates. They then applied a mathematical model originally developed to estimate the maximum age of Greenland sharks, another species known to live more than 400 years, tracking mean annual growth in male and female sturgeon as a function of body size. The researchers suggest the species’ extraordinarily long lifespan may be tied to its ability to enter a low-energy torpor state during winter months.
The findings also echo knowledge that Indigenous communities have held for generations. “That was one of those goosebump moments,” Colborne said. “Here we were using modern analytical approaches, and they were pointing us toward something that Indigenous communities had long understood, that these fish live incredibly long lives.” Lake sturgeon, which can grow beyond seven feet and weigh up to 300 pounds, primarily inhabit the Great Lakes and Mississippi River Basin, and the species has existed for roughly 150 million years. Decades of conservation tracking made this discovery possible in the first place, and collaborative efforts across federal, state, local, and tribal partners have already helped increase sturgeon spawning activity in their historic freshwater habitats, according to a 2024 USFWS announcement. Colborne emphasized the resilience of the species going forward: “Because of their life history, sturgeon are very resilient and adaptable animals. If we give them the opportunity to survive, they’ll figure it out. There’s a reason these fish have been around for millions of years.”