[Convention Rules]:

• Takes place over multiple rounds and posts (with usually small changes as the convention goes on).
• In 5-person contests, the minimum requirement to move on is 18% of the vote. 4-person, 21%, and 3-person, 30%. 
• If no candidates are eliminated in a given round, a “compromise” or “dark horse” candidate may rise to take the nomination instead, and will participate in the next round of voting. Conventions will go through up to 6 rounds, but could be done after a single round if one candidate absolutely dominates the others.

[Context Here]

Hannibal Hamlin

Senator from Maine since 1848, Congressman from Maine from 1843-1847 (Pro-Native, Pro-immigration, Abolitionist, Aged 47)

An architect behind the dissolution of Florida and Maine's separation from Massachusetts, Senator Hannibal Hamlin is a natural parliamentarian who is likely to get stuff done. A rabid Abolitionist, Hamlin is looking for avenues to end the practice of slavery as soon as viable.

William Dayton

Vice President since 1853, Senator from New Jersey from 1842-1851 (Political Centralist, Abolitionist, Pro-Native, Aged 49)

The mastermind behind the dissolution of Florida, and the man who helped convince President Hamilton to take black rights and the issue of slavery more seriously, William Dayton is a front runner for the first Democratic nomination. Dayton has a history as a parliamentarian in the Senate, meaning he is likely to be able to get things done in a divided Congress.

Nathaniel P. Banks

Congressman from Massachusetts since 1853, Member of the MA Legislature from 1847-1853 (Political Centralist, Anti-Native, Anti-immigration, Abolitionist, Aged 40)

A master parliamentarian, he knows how to use his connections in Congress to get things done; notable lately for his work on getting the Force Act and Sedition Act passed. Banks is strongly against immigrant influence in the party, nearly destroying the effort to allow more immigrants into the country. A Presidency of the young Nathaniel Banks would likely mean a reversal on immigration policies, a stronger stance in favor of freedmen suffrage, and being able to get things done despite what is likely going to be a divided Congress.

Charles F. Adams

Ambassador to Texas from 1845-1854, Member of the Massachusetts Senate from 1843-1845, Member of the MA House from 1840-1843 (Political Decentralist, Pro-Native, Abolitionist, Boring, Aged 49)

Son of the late, famous Congressman and State Secretary John Quincy Adams; grandson of the late, famous first Chief Justice John Adams, Charles Francis Adams seeks the Democratic nomination for President. Adams has a lot of foreign policy experience, and worked directly under the great Henry Clay during his tenure. He's known to be a fantastic writer, having written several histories and biographies of important figures (including that of his family), with a primary downside being how disconnected he is from domestic politics. Despite this, he offers a Presidency focused on ensuring American dominance diplomatically, alongside keeping the peace at home while seeking the gradual abolition of slavery.

Cassius Clay

Senator from Ohio since 1853, Member of the Kentucky House from 1835-1841 (Political Centralist, Veteran, Radical Abolitionist, Wild, Tough-guy Reputation, Aged 46)

A radical through-and-through, the cousin of the late, great Henry Clay is in the running for the first Democratic nomination. Clay was from one of the richest slave-owning families in the country before freeing his slaves, and more recently became a major backer of Berea College, the first co-educational college in the south. A veteran of the Anglo-American and Patriot Wars, Clay has a history of leadership alongside his history of unapologetic abolitionism. He also has a reputation of that of a bear, for facing several attempts on his life, in both duels and assassination.

[Vote Here!]

President James Alexander Hamilton

President since 1845, Speaker from 1843-1845, Congressman from NY from 1813-1845 (NP-M; Political & Economic Centralist, Anti-Slavery, Aged 64)

Cabinet

Vice President:	William Dayton (NP-R)
Secretary of State:	John M. Clayton (Until November 9, 1856); VACANT
Secretary of the Treasury:	Thomas Corwin
Secretary of War:	John Spencer (Until May 17, 1855); Winfield Scott (Since August 1, 1855)
Attorney General:	Louis McLane (Until March 6, 1853); Edward Bates (Since March 9, 1853)
Secretary of the Navy:	John P. Kennedy
Secretary of Infrastructure:	Reuben Walworth
Secretary of the Interior:	Thomas Ewing

Elections

Presidential - 193 Needed

James Hamilton (National Party) - 273/384 EVs and 54.85% of the Popular Vote

• Delaware (3)
• Pennsylvania (34)
• New Jersey (9)
• Connecticut (9)
• Massachusetts (19)
• Maryland (12)
• New Hampshire (7)
• New York (48)
• Rhode Island (4)
• Vermont (7)
• Ohio (24)
• Franklin (13)
• Illinois (11)
• Cuba (22)
• Missouri (10)
• Michigan (7)
• Maine (9)
• Wisconsin (6)
• Iowa (5)
• Ontario (14)

Franklin Pierce (Constitutional Republican) - 111/384 EVs and 41.04% of the Popular Vote

• Georgia (15)
• Virginia (30)
• North Carolina (17)
• Kentucky (17)
• Tennessee (18)
• Louisiana (9)
• Arkansaw (5)

House

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Speaker

Cirilo Villaverde of Cuba (NP-R; Speaker since 1849, Congressman from CU since 1841)

Senate

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Pro Tempore

William Seward of New York (NP-R; Pro-Tempore since 1853, from 1847-1849, Senator from NY since 1841, Governor of NY from 1837-1841)

Liberty Gangs (1853)

John Brown's Posse, who had somewhat helped the US Army during the Patriot War, had returned to Ohio after the war. Since the Dred Scott ruling, however, the Posse has made its way down south again with the goal of training the newly free black population (of especially western Choctaw) to create their own militias, and the like. Working alongside notable freedmen like Frederick Douglas, William Gustavus Allen, and others at the Freedmen's Society, the Posse also aided in the education of several communities in reading, writing, and arithmetic since 1852. Teaching these things were quite unpopular among the white population of the occupied state, and although militias would be heavily restricted until late 1853, white militias would form nonetheless to threaten, harm, kidnap, and kill the free black population of Choctaw.

As reports ramped up in late 1852, John Brown, his sons, and several of the freedmen would work hard in both basic guerilla and military tactics to defend themselves, but also their right as free men to keep and bear arms. This would result in the Liberty Gangs, a nickname popularized in the abolitionist newspaper The True American; for the many black militias that sprung up in defiance to the attacks on the southern freedmen.

Brown's Posse would also take to traveling throughout Choctaw to not only train more southern freedmen, but also to protect burgeoning communities in the occupied state.

Death of Former Presidents

Daniel Webster (May 7, 1853)

Daniel Webster, served as the 7th President from 1829-1833, was and continued to be a controversial figure. He was elected following allegations of election fraud, helped end the Colombian War, Signed the Tariff of Abominations, and prevented the secession of South Carolina in 1832.

John Sergeant (July 4, 1853)

John Sergeant, the only President so far to die on July 4, served as the 6th, from 1821-1829. He was the youngest President during his time in office, aided in the establishment of Liberia, created the Sergeant Doctrine, and pushed electoral reform (including election day).

Domestic Issues

First Congressman of African Descent

Newly inaugurated Pennsylvania Congressman Robert Purvis is the first known member of Congress with African descent, and is ¼ black. He and his siblings have chosen to identify with the black community, using the wealth of their father to aid black communities. He's a notable member of the Freedmen's Society.

Conservative Party Founded

The Conservative Party was founded by much of the former members of the Liberals within the National Party. The discrepancy between the names can be explained, because while they believed in a conservative interpretation of the Constitution, they believed in a generally more liberal view of economics.

Most made the move over to the new Conservative Party, but notably Cuban Speaker of the House Cirilo Villaverde stayed with the National Party.

Oregon Territory Granted Autonomy

After much pestering from Military Governor John Frémont and many westward expansionists, Oregon would be allowed Autonomy and democracy established on a territorial level, with Frémont himself running to be the elected Governor of the territory; after he resigned his Military commission.

Acadia and Wabanaki Granted Statehood

In April of 1853, the Atlantic Territory applied for Statehood. Congress, controlled by the Radical branch of the National Party, returned that the Territory was “too large in population and land” to be considered for statehood, and instead offered statehood if the territory was split. This excuse was mostly a lie; the radicals and other anti-slavery politicians wished to increase the number of anti-slavery seats in the Senate, so splitting the Atlantic Territory into two would add 4 seats instead of 2. In September, Territorial officials returned to Congress with new applications for statehood for two new states: Acadia (formerly New Brunswick), and Wabanaki (former Nova Scotia, with Prince Edward Island).

Acadia was named after the French colony in the area 150-200 years prior, and placed their capital at St. John. Wabanaki was named after the Native term for the region, meaning “People of the Dawn”, or “Easterners”. Wabanaki placed their capital at Halifax. Both of these new states had written in their Constitution that slavery was banned, and allowed suffrage for black men.

By October, Ohio became yet another state that allowed for freedmen suffrage.

Cuba Establishes Gradual Emancipation (1854)

Since the Dred Scott decision made the Cuban Compromise unconstitutional, many within the State began pushing for Cuba to be declared a free state. While House Speaker Villaverde was a primary pusher for this, no one contributed to the movement more than Governor and former general Carlos de Céspedes.

Céspedes, shortly after the ruling (1851), had freed what slaves he did have. And after becoming Governor in 1853, he began pushing for the Cuban State Legislature to draft an emancipation bill. After over a year of successful lobbying, Governor Céspedes signed a bill which would gradually emancipate the slaves of Cuba until 1860, starting with under 10s and over 50s. 

Government Sells Gold to pay off National Debt

With the Credit Act of 1854, the federal government began selling $5 Million worth of gold per month until late 1856. This was to be done through the Department of the Treasury, and to be sold to mostly investors across the country, in exchange for equal amounts of worth in coin.

Harwell v. The United States (1854)

In a 6-2 ruling, the Supreme Court would rule in favor of the United States and President Hamilton for his use of the Emancipation Proclamation, or Executive Order 76, was a Constitutional use of the President's implied “emergency powers” as mentioned in the Constitution, despite Congress’ inability to force a state to be either slave or free. This was a massive victory for the administration as well as those that are anti-slavery and abolitionists, across the country.

Final Ruling:

(6):

• Samuel Nelson
• Alexander Hamilton Jr.
• Peter Vivian Daniel
• John McLean
• Benjamin Curtis
• John Reed

(2):

• Roger Taney
• John J. Crittenden

Foreign Issues

Convention of Kanagawa (1854)

Under the leadership of Commodore Matthew Perry, the American delegation to Japan was able to return home with the Treaty of Kanagawa. This allowed for the safety of Americans captured by Japanese patrol vessels, the opening of ports for trade, and the opening of an official American consulate in the trade port of Shimoda. The United States would gain a new, influential trading partner without yet threat of losing out to European influence, and even more reason to develop the Oregon Territory and the Pacific Northwest.

Matthew Perry would return home a hero.

Commodore Matthew Perry

Annexation of Texas

In November 1854, the agreement to allow Texas into the United States was signed between Texan President Anson Jones and US Ambassador to Texas Charles Adams. While Congress wouldn't meet back up to ratify the treaty until March, the bureaucratic infrastructure to annex Texas was already underway. It was agreed upon, after much debate with the Texan delegation, that Texas would enter as an autonomous territory of the United States as it accustomed itself into the United States political and economic scene; and would be given time to draft a State Constitution that followed the Federal one. Texas would not be considered for statehood until January 1, 1860.

1854 Midterms

House

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Speaker

Cirilo Villaverde of Cuba (NP-R; Speaker since 1849, Congressman from CU since 1841)

Senate

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Pro Tempore

William Seward of New York (NP-R; Pro-Tempore since 1853, from 1847-1849, Senator from NY since 1841, Governor of NY from 1837-1841)

Foreign Issues

Expanding the American System

After years of denials, President Hamilton and State Secretary Clayton approved of the Republic of Yucatán entering the American System, with the Yucatán President signing the Havana Accord on January 9, 1855. This brings the American System membership to the following:

1. United States
2. Costa Rica
3. El Salvador
4. Guatemala
5. Honduras
6. Nicaragua
7. Canada
8. Haiti
9. Venezuela
10. Dominican Republic
11. Yucatán

The Corwin Purchase

Negotiated primarily through Treasury Secretary Thomas Corwin, what came to be called the “Corwin Purchase” in Congress and in newspapers nationwide, was the purchase of miles upon miles of lands in northeastern Mexico, offered by the Mexican Government for $45 Million. While Mexico has been politically unstable for some time, it was also nearing bankruptcy after years of corruption and deep-deficit spending. The lands in the northeast were offered up as the area was sparsely populated by Mexican citizens, and so their government could get some quick cash.

Secretary Corwin was quick to jump on in support of the offer, especially to consolidate American territory in the midwest, and open up more economically viable land for farming outside of the south. This would also simplify the US-Mexican border; especially now that Texas was in the Union. The President supported this for many similar reasons, and notably also because it would protect more lands from Mormon incursions from Deseret.

New Map of North America

Sanctions on Deseret

As Deseret President Brigham Young enshrines polygamy into law in the country neighboring the United States, the popularity of Mormonism continues to plummet; even getting the attention of the federal government across all branches. While multiple states have already introduced anti-polygamy legislation, President Hamilton decides to act by lobbying for extended high-tariff rates and sanctions on Deseret, in the hopes that crippling the young republic's economy would “straighten out the government [of Deseret] into enforcing a civil society.”

Bleeding Dixie

Rise of the Red Shirts

Throughout 1849 to 1854, militias would form out of former traitorous soldiers with the aim of intimidating, harming, and killing the newly freed black communities of Choctaw. While this also occurred in South Carolina, it happened on much smaller scales. As 1854 began to turn into 1855, many of these militias coalesced into the Red Shirts, men who wore red clothing to identify one another during raids. The hit western Choctaw, where many freedmen were with a lot of force beginning in late 1854, with many freedmen forming their own militias to defend themselves. Of note, John Brown's Posse has taken to violently defending the freedmen and native communities of Choctaw.

Rankin County Massacre (April, 1855)

After a fierce raid that turned into a battle, nearly 90 bodies lay dead throughout Rankin County, split almost evenly between Liberty Gangers and Red Shirts. Among those that lay dead, John Brown and his son Owen. They had attempted the rescue of the wife of one of the Liberty Gangers that had joined Brown.

Following the Massacre, Governor Zachary Taylor requested more troops from Congress in order to “keep such bloodshed from being spilled again, on these fair lands.”

Military Reinforcements Deployed South

In May, Congress approved of Taylor's request for more troops. President Hamilton would send out a new general order for soldiers deployed in Choctaw, to defend communities in western Choctaw that put out calls of distress. While not being open about it, it was clear that the military shall defend the safety of the freedmen under threat from the Red Shirts.

Death of former President Harrison

On May 17, 1855, William Harrison would pass away. Harrison served as the 10th President from 1837-1845. Harrison reworked the banking system to be much more stable following several economic panics in the years preceding him, Pushed for Canadian and Venezuelan independence, established the American System with Henry Clay (the most powerful State Secretary in history), Secured the independence of Hawai'i from Britain, and greatly improved the nation's infrastructure.

Founding of the Democratic Party (August, 1855)

After both the Dred Scott Case (1851) and the Rankin County Massacre (amidst the greater events around Bleeding Dixie), the Radical faction of the National Party felt that the President and his closest allies were not taking the issue of slavery or freedmen rights seriously. After meetings throughout 1854 and 1855, the Democratic Party was founded and broke away from the National Party.

Leadership and Other Prominent Members

Thurlow Weed, Elected Party Leader

• Pro Tempore, New York Senator William Seward
• Speaker, Cuban Congressman Cirilo Villaverde
• Illinois Senate delegation of John Harden and Abraham Lincoln
• Vice President William Dayton
• Ohio Senator Cassius Clay
• Cuban Governor Carlos de Céspedes

Platform

• An end to Slavery by 1880, or sooner.
• All free men aged 21 or older shall have the guarantee of suffrage.
• An end to racial violence in Choctaw.
• An end to slavers spreading west.
• A ban on polygamy nationwide.
• A savory integration of Liberia by 1900.

Congressional Updates

New House

New Senate

Domestic Issues

Force Act of 1855

Passed with Democratic support, the Force Act enabled the President to issue military orders to “contain threats to the stability of Choctaw and Communities within.” Notably, Hamilton would issue subsequent orders to the occupation government to seek the peaceful, if possible, dissolution of militia groups associated with the Red Shirts. This act would come under scrutiny from the Conservative and Constitution Parties, which called the act “yet another expansion of executive powers.” Some anti-slavery and abolitionist Conservatives would express sympathy for the reasoning behind the act, however, despite how uncomfortable it makes them.

The act would expire in 1860, or when Choctaw is readmitted as a state; leading many to worry President Hamilton may seek a fourth term.

Sedition Act of 1855

This Act formally bans any person convicted of treason, sedition, espionage, as well as aiding or abetting rebellion, from owning slaves; alongside limiting the size of individual properties one can own (Not to be confused with the Sedition Act of 1798). It's framing, however, has made this bill rather unpopular with the general public; with cries “tyranny” becoming more common.

Immigration and Naturalization Acts of 1856

Since the size of the United States nearly tripled between 1845 and 1848, lots of open space and resources remain unbothered. As such, the federal government has been looking for ways to populate the west and north. In 1856, Congress passed both the Immigration Act and Naturalization Act, which set lesser restrictions on immigration, slightly reworked the naturalization process in order to allow for an easier pathway to citizenship.

Department of Justice Established

In another step to put an end to the violence of Bleeding Dixie, and protect freedmen communities throughout Choctaw and South Carolina, the Department of Justice was established with the expressed goal of prosecuting those who break federal law or convention; notably the formation of militias between 1848 and 1852. While this wouldn't directly target the Red Shirts, it would hurt much of their affiliates who were racist veterans of the Patriot War. The Attorney General would be placed at the head of this executive department.

Territory Remapping

In order to consolidate and compartmentalize territorial governance, the territories were again redrawn.

New map of the United States, 1856

Congress also passed the General Territory Autonomy Act, which allowed for all territories with a population exceeding 80,000 may be allowed to seek Autonomy and form a subservient government to the Congress of the United States.

National Debt

• Decreased by $170 Million to $3.5 Billion since 1852

Other Notes

• In 1855, New Jersey became the 12th State to allow free black men to vote

[Vote Here!]

President James Hamilton

President of the United States since 1845 (NP-M)

House

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Speaker

Cirilo Villaverde of Cuba (NP-R; Speaker since 1849, Congressman from CU since 1841)

Senate

https://preview.redd.it/0zu9kbiel2gh1.png?width=794&format=png&auto=webp&s=d82ad638be2512eded9fd9021e97ae13cc35bee1

Pro Tempore

William Seward of New York (NP-R; Pro-Tempore since 1853, from 1847-1849, Senator from NY since 1841, Governor of NY from 1837-1841)

Major Laws

• Credit Act of 1854 (The federal government sells off $5 Million in gold per month for 2 years in exchange for coin.)
• Harwell V. The United States (The Supreme Court Rules 6-2, saying the Emancipation Proclamation was a legal use of executive authority and emergency powers during wartime.)

Major Events

• The Anti-Union Party (Party from the former British north, made up of those still loyal to Britain or regional Nationalists).
• The Conservative Party (Formed out of the National Party's Liberal Faction; named as such to reference a more Conservative Executive Branch, without as much power).
• Liberty Gangs in Choctaw (Illegal white militias target new freedmen communities, black militias form to fight back + John Brown's Posse joins the fray.)
• Oregon Territory Granted Autonomy (Allowed to elect a territorial government.)
• Acadia and Wabanaki Granted Statehood (out of the Atlantic Territory.)
• Cuba Establishes Gradual Emancipation (Cuba will gradually emancipate its slaves until 1860.)

[Vote Here!]

The Atlantic Territory, split

Acadia

Named after the former French colony to “de-anglicanize” the former British colony of New Brunswick. The Capital of Acadia is Saint John. People from here are called “Acadians”.

Acadia will add 2 Congressmen and 2 Senators to Congress, come 1854

The other State

Combining the former British Colonies of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, the split of the territory is motivated by Congress’ push to create more anti-slavery states, and thus more anti-slavery Senators. The capital has already been determined as Halifax.

This new state will add 4 Congressmen and 2 Senators, come 1854

The potential names for this new state are the following:

Nova Scotia

The option of keeping the name of the bigger colony is on the table. Nova Scotia, meaning “New Scotland”, and wouldn't be too out of place with states like New York, New Jersey, and New Hampshire. People from here would be called “Nova Scotians”.

New Scotland

De-latinize the existing name in order to match the other states with “New” in them. People from here would be called “New Scotlanders”.

Wabanaki

The native term for the region, meaning “The People of the Dawn", or “Easterners”. People from here would be called “Wabanakians”.

Dawnland

An English translation of “Wabanaki”. People from here would be called “Dawnlanders”.

[Vote for Name Here!]

National Party

James Alexander Hamilton

President since 1845, Speaker from 1843-1845, Congressman from NY from 1813-1845 (NP-M; Political & Economic Centralist, Anti-Slavery, Aged 64)

Nominated after a long, contentious convention that went through 8 rounds of voting, President James Hamilton has become the first person to be nominated for a third Presidential term; the question now being if he can be the first to win a third term. Running on continuing to lower the national debt, lower the general cost of goods, and settling the west; Hamilton himself campaigns across the Mid-Atlantic states of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, and his home state of New York. The President is not afraid of “waving the bloody shirt” over winning a war with the largest World Power while dealing with a large-scale rebellion in his first term, defending his use of both executive power in the case of emergency, as well as his signing of the Emancipation Proclamation; freeing all the slaves within the rebellious states of Choctaw, Florida, and South Carolina.

For dealing with the national debt, Hamilton wishes to sell off portions of the nation's gold to the people (in a controlled manner, as to not risk inflation). For lowering the cost of goods, Hamilton wishes to temporarily lower tariffs across the board so that more goods can enter, as well as decrease regulations behind building factories. For settling the west, he plans to fund national infrastructure projects to connect the pacific coast to the Mississippi River, as well as allowing more immigrants to enter the country; to help foster growth. Due to the influence of the Radicals within the National Party, especially now as many Liberals are refusing to take part in the election, the President has also said during some campaign stops that freedmen deserve the right to vote nationally.

Running Mate:

William Dayton

Senator from New Jersey from 1842-1851 (NP-R; Political Centralist, Abolitionist, Pro-Native, Aged 45)

Not that he, nor his contemporaries planned to get this far, William Dayton is a message to both the National Party and the nation: that slavery and black rights ought not to be forgotten. Dayton's experience in the Senate is surprisingly good, and along with his connections, would serve as an excellent presider over the upper house. The former Senator had also co-authored the Dayton-Hamlin plan, which dissolved the state of Florida during its occupation, replacing it with a self-governed native territory known as Seminole.

The National Party may be missing a key part of its support base, as many Liberals felt far-too unrepresented by the Party; on top of concerns over authoritarianism. However, a potentially key factor that may tip the election in their favor is the strong support of the Radicals, Abolitionists, and Black Suffragers.

The National Party depicts opponent, Franklin Pierce, as a dangerous Alcoholic.

Constitutional Republican Party

Franklin Pierce

Senator from New Hampshire from 1837-1842, Congressman from NH from 1833-1837, Member of the NH House from 1829-1833 (Political and Economic Decentralist, Pro-Immigration, War Hero, Aged 47)

Franklin Pierce rose quickly through the ranks during the Anglo-American War (1845-1848), up to the rank of General as he would capture much of what is now the state of Ontario. Notably a much better leader than his predecessor, George McClellan, Pierce had earned the respect of the people, along with his title as a War Hero. While initially unwilling to return to politics, confirmation of President Hamilton running for an unheard-of third term (along with failed Impeachment proceedings) led to the General to announce his candidacy for the Constitution Party, aiming to “restore democracy and civility” to the federal government. Pierce largely campaigns on putting more restrictions on Presidential power, returning many powers to Congress, and lowering the national debt (of which, Hamilton has done very little).

Running Mate:

William Graham

Senator from North Carolina since 1851, from 1840-1843, Governor of NC from 1845-1849 (Political & Economic Decentralist, Slave Owner, Anti-immigration, Aged 48)

Perhaps the most prominent southern politician from the Constitution Party, it was inevitable he would be nominated, though many suspected it would be as President. Despite this, he serves as an active artery to modern politicking that Pierce lacks, and would be an excellent advisor to a “President Pierce.” Graham was also a big supporter of the federal government during the Patriot War (1846-1848), preventing the secession of North Carolina while Governor. If elected, he promises to free his slaves.

The Constitutional Republican Party runs on the slogan, “Pierce the heart of tyranny!” Particularly, they paint Hamilton as a man who wants to be crowned King, "much like his father."

Key Endorsements

Hamilton/Dayton Endorsements

• Senator William Seward of New York
• Ambassador Charles F. Adams of Massachusetts
• War Hero John J. Harden of Illinois

Pierce/Graham Endorsements

• Senator James Buchanan of Pennsylvania
• Congressman Millard Fillmore of New York
• Senator John van Buren of New York

[Vote Here!]

For President

James Alexander Hamilton

President since 1845, Speaker from 1843-1845, Congressman from NY from 1813-1845 (NP-M; Political Centralist, Economic Centralist, Anti-Slavery, Anti-immigration, Aged 64)

The first President to run for a third term, James Alexander Hamilton is making his founder-father proud. Hamilton has a lot going for him, having won the biggest war in US history (Anglo-American War, 1845-1848), alongside the biggest rebellion in US history (Patriot War, 1846-1848); more than doubled the territory of the United States; Freeing millions of slaves in South Carolina and Choctaw with the Emancipation Proclamation; kept the rest of the south from seceding; and has walked a perfect line so far on slavery and suffrage to avoid angering too many people. If anything, President Hamilton has proven to be effective, efficient, and firmly Anti-Slavery. Not only his ego, but also his popularity are primary reasons many read he's running for a third term.

He has not campaigned too much himself this go-around, potentially due to threat of Assassination, but has made notable stops in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and his home state of New York. He campaigns on working harder to pay down the $3 Billion+ debt accumulated during the war, reforming the land management system, and providing avenues for destitute families to start over in the west and north through settlement projects. Costs are already beginning to decrease under his tenure, though not quite at prewar levels yet. A controversial aspect of nominating Hamilton again, other than typical taboos, is his support for the expansion of executive power since the war; having been rather defensive over his use of executive authority, and Vetoing the most bills in history so far. His supporters have said “It is paramount that the President may wield his authority with efficiency, and these expanded powers allow for this, best.”

Key Endorsements:

• NP-R Maine Senator, Hannibal Hamlin
• NP-M Ontario Governor, William Mackenzie

Winfield Scott

Former Head of the Army from 1830-1852, Governor of the Florida Territory from 1821-1825 (NP-L; Anti-Slavery, Pro-Native, Moderate in All Senses, War Hero, From Pennsylvania, Aged 66)

Having resigned from his Army Commission to run for President, Winfield Scott felt pressured by both allies and Hamilton's eagerness for a third term to attempt another Presidential run (Scott having lost to William Harrison in 1840). Like the President, Scott also has a lot going for him. A War Hero in the eyes of many after the Anglo-American and Patriot Wars (1845-1848, 1846-1848); a sensible, yet effective leader in times of crisis; and a lack of political baggage. Scott himself has historically supported restricting slavery, and supported friendly relations with the natives. Scott and his allies are pledging to, if the election is won, reduce the power of the Presidency, reduce the $3B+ debt, and support northern and western settlement.

Of the radicals that prefer Scott over Hamilton (for there is a pretty even split), they seem to believe Scott can carry anti-slavery farther than even President Hamilton has or will, perhaps even to abolition. Whether that's true, only time and character will tell. 

Key Endorsements:

• NP-R New York Senator, William Seward
• Political Organizer, Thurlow Weed
• NP-L New York Senator, John van Buren

For Vice President

James T. Morehead

Vice President since 1845, Senator from KY from 1833-1845, Lieutenant Governor of KY from 1832-1833 (NP-M; Economic Centralist, Anti-Slavery, Aged 55)

Protégé of the late Henry Clay, Vice President Morehead is joining the President in running for a potential third term. Morehead has proven to be an effective leader of the Senate, but has often been sidelined in cabinet meetings with Clay usually taking the spotlight. Even now, he is still finding his footing within the executive cabinet. Despite this, he's eager to aid the party in paying down the national debt, and has shown signs that he may be willing to support gradual abolition from inside the cabinet.

John Berrien

Pro Tempore since 1849, from 1841-1847, Senator from Georgia since 1835, from 1825-1829 (NP-L; Political Decentralist, Economic Decentralist, Anti-Slavery, Slave Owner, Anti-native, War Hero, Aged 71)

A war hero for fighting against rebel militias by leading the Georgia National Guard Militia, Senator and Pro Tempore John Berrien represents in Liberal faction of the National Party. Naturally, he believes in keeping the executive branch in check, and wishes to return many powers to Congress that have since been wielded by President Hamilton. Despite being a slave owner, Berrien has manumitted many of his slaves since the end of the Patriot War, and has since advocated for a gradual abolition program in Georgia. During negotiations for the Dayton-Hamlin Plan, he also advocated for Georgia's annexation of the greater Jacksonville area, expanding the size of his home state.

If Berrien is nominated for the Vice Presidency alongside Winfield Scott, it is likely the Moderates would split from the party.

William Dayton

Senator from New Jersey from 1842-1851 (NP-R; Political Centralist, Abolitionist, Pro-Native, Aged 45)

While the Radicals are divided over who to back for the Presidential nomination for “who's more anti-slavery,” the faction has definitively decided not to support the party power struggle outside of it; instead opting to run William Dayton as the potential running mate to either candidate. Not fully intended to win, Dayton's role is meant to bring further attention within the National Party to the importance of supporting the southern freedmen and expanding black suffrage throughout the states. Despite this, the man does have some notable qualities. Firstly, Dayton has voted in favor of some, but not all bills that would have decreased the powers of the Presidency, believing the President should have a strong hand to guide the nation through this period. Secondly, he co-authored the Dayton-Hamlin Plan to dissolve Florida as a geopolitical entity in exchange for giving the land to the Seminole peoples of the region.

It is obvious if Dayton is picked as the running mate to whoever wins, would make the faction left out feeling bitter, and would cause a rift in the party.

[Vote Here!]

Initially crashed upon attempting a manual save, now the game keep crashing upon trying to load either autosave (only 2, at the very beginning of a game).

I've downloaded and applied the 4gb patch, I've set affinity to only 1 cpu each attempt, my drivers are up to date, and im running the following mods. I cannot figure out what the issue is.

• qudao fixpack
• ftg ui mod
• ftg quickbar
• madd gift guide
• gift guide awakening
• character respec mod
• lock bash
• universal dye kit
• advanced tactics
• no helmet hack
• extra dog slot
• auto loot
• jowans intention
• bye ohgren
• silverite fix
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• joining ritual fix
• awakening banter fix
• or and awakening lore friendly epilogue rewrirtes
• cutscene fixes
• sleep until dawn

James Alexander Hamilton

11th President of the United States since March 4, 1845

Cabinet

Vice President:	James T. Morehead
Secretary of State:	Henry Clay (Until August 8, 1850); John M. Clayton (Since August 12, 1851)
Secretary of the Treasury:	Levi Woodbury (Until September 4, 1851); Thomas Corwin (Since September 6, 1851)
Secretary of War:	John Spencer
Attorney General:	Louis McLane
Secretary of the Navy:	David Henshaw (Until January 1, 1851); Robert Stockton (Since February 3, 1851)
Secretary of Infrastructure:	Reuben Walworth
Secretary of the Interior:	Thomas Ewing

Election Results

Presidential - 194 Needed

James Hamilton (NP-M) - 354/354 EVs and 57.69% of the Popular Vote

House

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Speaker

Cirilo Villaverde Of Cuba (NP-L; Speaker since 1849, Congressman from Cuba since 1841)

Senate

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Pro Tempore

John Berrien of Georgia (NP-T; Pro Tempore since 1849, from 1841-1847, Senator from Georgia since 1835, from 1825-1829)

Political Consolidation

Department of the Interior Established

On March 3, 1849, a day before the President's new inauguration, the Department of the Interior would be established to oversee federal lands, handle the ongoing sale of federal land, and the post system would be transferred to them. By March 9, Thomas Ewing would be successfully appointed as the new Secretary of the Interior.

Expansion of the Supreme Court

The Judicial Act of 1849 would expand the Supreme Court from 6 justices to 8. This was planned to take place in 1846, but was put aside as the Anglo-American War broke out the previous year. The men nominated for the new empty seats would be Benjamin Robbins Curtis and John Merredith Reed.

Texan Annexation Plan

More of an unofficial agreement, President Hamilton, Ambassador to Texas Charles Adams, and Pro Tempore John Berrien would meet with President Sam Houston and former President and protégé, Anson Jones in New Orleans. While the recovering city welcomed the Texan leaders with open arms, the men were meeting to discuss Texan annexation. That if either of the two Texan Presidents, or any other Texan Unionist is in power in 1854, then the United States Senate will approve a treaty for the annexation of Texas.

Officially, the Texan visit to New Orleans was a sign of friendship between the two nations, and a commitment to protecting democracy in North America.

Liberia as a Territory

In December 1848, Liberia issued a declaration of independence to the government, primarily citing the treatment of slaves within the United States. Secretary Clay would travel to Sergeantville himself to negotiate with the Americo-Liberians, meeting with Hilary Teage, the writer of the Declaration.

After much back-and-forth, Liberia accepted becoming an autonomous territory of the United States, along with the naval protection in its waters, on the condition that no American Armymen set foot in the territory during peacetime; and that Liberia may reevaluate its standing in 1860, and again every 15 years after that.

Henry Clay would return home victorious in mid 1849, again proving his masterclass in statesmanship, but rather sick. He would be bedridden not long after returning.

The new Territory of Liberia, 1850

Caribbean Ventures

Spain and Haiti

Back in 1846, Spain intervened in the Haitian Civil War, partially to protect the Spanish-speaking Dominican population largely concentrated on the eastern half of the island. This was a clear violation of the Sergeant Doctrine, and President Hamilton issued a declaration that Spain pay Haiti back damages, and leave the island by September, 1849. The remnants of the US Navy would be moved south to patrol the waters around Haiti and Puerto Rico to posture strength to the far weaker Spanish.

As Spain complied, the United States Army and Marines would move into the Spanish territory on Hispañola to ensure a peaceful transfer of power. Meanwhile, the President met with Haitian President Hérard Dumesle in Port-au-Prince in August of that year. This marks the first time a US President left the nation while in office.

Some of the territory Spain occupied, primarily the hills, mountains, and forests in the center of the island, would be returned to Haiti, while the rest would be under a joint occupation of Haitian and American forces as both nations (Haiti, begrudgingly) worked with the Dominican population to establish an independent republic on their part of the island.

Creating the Dominican Republic

The new Republic's Constitution was based on the Haitian and American Constitutions. A Presidential Republic with a Bicameral Legislature.

• The President serves 4-year terms and may not serve consecutively. After serving 2 terms, they are not allowed to serve again.
• The Legislature has 2 chambers, a Senate and National Assembly. Senators serve 6-year terms with a third of seats elected every 2 years. Assemblymen serve 4-year terms and are elected in midterm years.
• The Capital is Santo Domingo, with the official language being Spanish.
• Written in their Constitution, they are a part of the American System, thus securing cheap trade with all member nations.

Guantanamo Naval Base Begins Construction

As the Anglo-American War had shown, the Caribbean was severely underdefended. While the navy itself wasn't big enough to cover that much water, another problem was Cuba relying on subpar canons to defend its waters, and no proper naval base for the repair and housing of navy vessels. Thus, Congress approved the Guantanamo Naval Base to begin construction, alongside the rebuilding of the navy. 

Major Domestic Issues

Legal Tender Act of 1849

To deal with rising costs caused by a trade deficit during the war as well as the temporary reallocation of infrastructure, Congress passed the Legal Tender Act, issuing $30M in paper money, colored green, and backed by eventual repayment in silver coinage. Dubbed “greenbacks”, they were meant to be printed no later than 1852, and legal tender until 1855. They could not be used to pay public debts, or for import duties.

Federal Lands Lending Act of 1849

With the large assortment of new federal lands after the annexation of British North America, the country has more open range land than ever. With the United States deeply in debt and the country facing food shortages, the newly established Department of the Interior was directed to lend out federal land for cheap to families that promised to work the land.

Settlers would be given the option to pay on the land with a percentage of their crop over the course of 12 years, along with monetary payments, and that if they did so without trouble, they could keep the land. Otherwise, the federal government would seize the land and force its occupants off.

Any slaveowner that wished to buy in may bring their slaves, but had to live on the new piece of land for at least half of the year.

New York with Suffrage; Kentucky and Maryland with Emancipation

New York became the 8th state to allow free black men to vote on October 9, 1849. While the south again protests, the war in the south has led to many soldiers coming home more anti-slavery than ever; especially with them witnessing the cruelty of slavery firsthand. This directly leads to Maryland announcing a 10-year emancipation program, and makes it so any children born under slaves are to be born free. Kentucky follows suit before the end of 1849.

Death of Henry Clay

On August 8, 1851, State Secretary and famous Kentucky Senator, Henry Clay, passed away after complications with multiple diseases, including from his trip to Africa in 1849, along with contaminated water in the capital. He passed at the age of 73. In his will, he declared his thousands of slaves to be left to his son, John Clay; though they were to be gradually emancipated until 1860. While he was given a funeral procession back to his primary residence in Kentucky, John Clayton would take his place as State Secretary.

Dayton-Hamlin and the Treaty of Savannah

To better deal with the apparent issue of the Seminole consistently rising up against whatever government is overhead, and as a sort of reward for fighting against the traitors in the Patriot War, Senators William Dayton of New Jersey and Hannibal Hamlin of Maine came up with a plan to eliminate Florida as a state entirely; especially due to its low population. In October 1850, the Treaty between the federal government and the Seminole tribes of Florida was ratified after being signed in Savannah, Georgia.

Georgia got the counties around Jacksonville, Tallahassee, and west of there, the rest of what was Florida was designated as the Seminole Territory. The Seminole Territory was set up as an autonomous territory of the United States, where the tribes there could work, settle, and govern the land and the people living there. They could set up their own government system, as long as they had democratic elections for a governor, and adhere to the Constitution of the United States, and pledged to not wage war, raids, or rebellion against the federal government of the United States or States themselves. In return, the government pledged to largely leave the population alone except for administrative, judicial, and economic reasons. The Seminole Territory was also designated a permanent representative of both the Bureau of Indian Affairs, as well as the US Military. All residents of the territory, including those living on tribal lands, were to be given citizenship (for tax purposes).

Updated State and Territory Map, 1850

Formation of the Constitutional Republic Party

Also called the Constitution Party, many Conservative members of Congress banded together in opposition to the continuous growth of power of the office of the President. They particularly were focused on the continued imprisonment of English and (Protestant) Irish in cities like New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Toronto, believing “the time of rebellion is over, and time for a return to Constitutional freedoms shall soon be resumed, lest the republic fall [further] into the hands of tyrants.” As said by Congressman Millard Fillmore.

Other Foreign Policy Issues

Mormon Revolt in Mexico

After several years of settlement in northern Mexico, the Mormons had consistently denied the authority of the Mexican government to collect taxes due to religious laws imposed by the Mexican government. This resulted in a brief military conflict between a Mormon army 12,000 strong, versus a portion (3,000) of the Mexican army; lasting between May and July of 1849. Although the Mexican Army suffered only 200 casualties to the Mormon's 700, the armed resistance and guerilla tactics, along with the distance from reasonable supply lines for the Mexican army, resulted in the independent nation of Deseret forming amidst the deserts Alta California. Formed as a Presidential Republic based on the United States, the Republic of Deseret also incorporated many elements of the LDS Church, and Freedom of Religion was allowed; although only Mormons were allowed to serve in government. By November of 1849, President Brigham Young was elected as the first President of Deseret.

Brigham Young

By mid 1850, President Hamilton begrudgingly recognized the independence of the new young Republic, but denounced their lack of separation of church and state. In the meantime, Mormons from across the United States were declared (by Deseret) as automatic citizens, and could move to the nation at any point.

New Map of the United States, 1850

Tariff of 1850

Working within the Confines of the American System, the Tariff of 1850 lowers all import duties on Agricultural goods to their allowed minimums to help deal with food and agricultural equipment shortages brought upon due to the Anglo-American and Patriot Wars. This takes effect in 1851, and will last until 1853.

Simultaneously, this increases export prices on similar goods for the same amount of time.

1850 Census

• The Size of the House changed from 304 in 1849 to 318. (Not Counting Occupied States)
• The Population increased from 17.59 Million in 1840 to 20.75 Million

Top 5 Most Populous States

1. New York (2.63 Million)

2. Pennsylvania (1.92 Million)

3. Ohio (1.725 Million)

4. Virginia (1.45 Million)

5. Cuba (1.08 Million)

Honorable Mention: Occupied Choctaw (1.1 Million)

1850 Midterms

House

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Speaker

Cirilo Villaverde Of Cuba (NP-L; Speaker since 1849, Congressman from Cuba since 1841)

Senate

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Pro Tempore

John Berrien of Georgia (NP-L; Pro Tempore since 1849, from 1841-1847, Senator from Georgia since 1835, from 1825-1829)

Dred Scott V. Sanford

After making it to the Supreme Court after several years of back-and-forth between state and federal courts, the case of Dred Scott vs. Sanford has become a case followed throughout the republic. Dred Scott, a black man whose status as a slave is in confusion due to the levels of court to get to this moment, was suing his master as he had resided in and been taken to free territories and states for extended periods of time. Although he and his wife's slave status is in question, their children are by current law free; due to the Cuban Compromise and Missouri's status as an emancipationist state.

Ultimately, the Supreme Court would hand down a 5-3 decision in favor of Sanford. Particularly, Chief Justice Taney would rule the following:

1. The Cuban Compromise was Unconstitutional, as the Government cannot force a state to keep or free its slaves (Keep in the case of Cuba, Free in the case of Missouri, and the children of slaves).

2. Slaves brought into free territories or states by their master's, or warden's watch, cannot be considered free unless otherwise emancipated through legal means by state or federal authorities, or through personal emancipation. The same goes for the children of slaves born in free territories or states.

This ruling was celebrated in much of the south, and fiercely decried in the rest of the nation. There was, however, some worry that the Supreme Court would rule that black persons could not be citizens, or could hold the responsibility of citizenship. Due to the recently large freed populations in the occupied territories, as well as the recent connection to Liberia, the Court was “too scared” to rule in such a manner. Nonetheless, this was largely a huge defeat for the anti-slavery crowd, and called further into question the legality of the Emancipation Proclamation issued during the Patriot War. For now, however, tensions were inflamed by the ruling.

Final Ruling

(5):

Roger Taney, Samuel Nelson, John Crittenden, Peter Daniel, John Reed

(3):

Alexander Hamilton Jr, John McLean, Benjamin Curtis

Ontario Admitted as a State

In April of 1851, Ontario became the 29th State. Based on the 1850 census, the new state will get 12 Congressmen. Since the Revolution, this is the first territory to be taken from the British and become a state. Its Constitution declares slavery illegal, and gives suffrage to all races; including freedmen and natives, proving controversial. Territorial Governor William Lyon Mackenzie will continue to serve as interim governor under the National Party.

Governor William Mackenzie (National Party - Moderate)

Anti-Union Party

One party to come out of the annexation of New Albion and the surrounding territories is the Anti-Union Party, a mix of Upper Canadian Nationalists and pro-British citizens. Their purpose as a party is to cause as much disruption in the federal government as they can as a way to advocate either independence, or a return to the British Crown.

New State and Territory Map, 1851

Domestic Issues

Amending the Alien Enemies Act

With the imprisonment of many immigrants, notably English, Scottish, and Protestant Irish, still not being resolved or otherwise gone to trial for “speaking ill of the war effort” in previous years, several Congressmen moved to weaken the Alien Enemies Act from the 1790s. This new amendment to the law, which passed both houses of Congress in July of 1851, would've forced all imprisoned under the law to face trial no later than 6 months of imprisonment, and banned the imprisonment of individuals by order of the Executive branch during times of peace, or lack of crisis. The President would issue a Veto of this amendment, however, with much outrage.

Federal Courts Alien Enemies Hearings Resolution

Passed by Congress in September of that year, this resolution pushed federal courts to open up more hearings for those imprisoned under the Alien Enemies Act, and devoted resources to allow court proceedings to begin by the new year. This was fiercely opposed by President Hamilton, who attempted to Veto the resolution. Congress returned a Veto-proof majority by the next day. The President began to lose allies within the National Party.

Springfield-Portland Transcontinental Railroad Begins Construction (September, 1852)

Approved by Congress in early 1852, the first Transcontinental Railroad begins construction, and shall eventually run from Springfield, Illinois, to Portland in the Oregon Territory. It is scheduled to be finished in 1863.

Freedmen's Society Established (October, 1852)

Formed by abolitionists and freedmen throughout the north, the Freedmen's Society was formed to organize monetary, educational, and legal aid to freedmen across the nation, though notably for the freedmen in Choctaw, South Carolina, as well as Maryland and Delaware as the two states gradually emancipate their slaves. Unlike other and historical anti-slavery groups and societies, they advocated for peaceful integration between white and black peoples, pointing to the immediate, if rocky, success of school integration in Massachusetts.

The Society's Chairman would be Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner, and would be led alongside Congressman Thaddeus Stevens, John Fee, and notable freedmen William Gustavus Allen, and Charles Lennox Remond. The Society would become closely affiliated with Anglo-American War-hero Cassius Clay, as he would donate a large sum of money and land in Kentucky for what was planned to be the first coeducational college in the south.

Senator Charles Sumner, Chairman of the Freedmen's Society

Congressman Thaddeus Stevens, Co-chair of the Freedmen's Society

Attempted Impeachment of President Hamilton

In January of 1852, while the President delivered his State of the Union Address before Congress, alluded to the fact that he was planning to run for a third term. This, along with accusations from the President over betrayal in his party happening since last September, the Congress felt quite fed up with Hamilton. Later that month, the House filed Articles of Impeachment against him, with charges of Sedition, going against the Constitution, and “acting in a way not befitting the Office of the President of the United States.”

Ultimately, the House failed to garner the necessary votes, much less a simple majority, in favor of Impeachment. While the President was quickly losing favor within the National Party, many still believed he had not committed any crimes.

Preparing for the 1852 Election

High Probability of Party Fracture

With President Hamilton running for an unprecedented third term, and battles over executive power and race both catching the public's attention, this is proving to be a deeply divisive one from the jump. Although the National Party is not focusing on racial aspects as much for now, the party is in danger of fracturing. If the President is nominated for another term, many liberals are expected to join the Constitution Party in protest. Both liberals and moderates are becoming so fed up with each other, that if Hamilton, or his liberal challenger, General Winfield Scott, are nominated, that if the Vice Presidency isn't reserved for someone of the opposite faction, a total breakup of the party would be inevitable.

At the same time, the radicals are looking to get their foot in the game, and remind the greater National Party to not forget the racial issues propping up since the Emancipation Proclamation issued during the Patriot War. While split on backing either Hamilton or Scott for the Presidency, they are keen on a spoiler candidate for the Vice Presidency so they could play kingmaker for whichever faction wants their support; as the biggest faction in the House.

Replacing the Head of the Army

Since General Winfield Scott, the Head of the Army since 1830, announced his candidacy for the Presidency, recent laws have dictated that he must resign his commission for his campaign to be valid. Thus, with Scott out, it is up to the President to appoint his successor. With many potential choices, Hamilton, War Secretary Spencer, and Scott agreed upon Patriot War General and war hero, Robert Everett Lee.

Robert Everett Lee, Head of the Army since 1852 (War Hero, Aged 45)

States Admitted

• Ontario, in 1851

Supreme Court Appointments

• Benjamin Robbins Curtis, to a new seat in 1849
• John Merredith Reed, to a new seat in 1849

National Debt

• Decreased by $2 Million to $3.665 Billion since 1848

[Rank Here!}

President James Hamilton

President of the United States since 1845 (NP-M)

House

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Speaker

Cirilo Villaverde Of Cuba (NP-L; Speaker since 1849, Congressman from Cuba since 1841)

Senate

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Pro Tempore

John Berrien of Georgia (NP-L; Pro Tempore since 1849, from 1841-1847, Senator from Georgia since 1835, from 1825-1829)

Major Laws

• Federal Interior Management Act of 1849 (Established the Department of the Interior.)
• Judicial Act of 1849 (Expanded the size of the Supreme Court from 6 to 8.)
• Legal Tender Act of 1849 (Established a secondary currency to be used until 1855, used to battle rising costs, “greenbacks”.)
• Federal Lands Lending Act of 1849 (Allows easier sale and auction of federal land, especially to farmers, allowing them to partially pay their debts in crops.)
• Tariff of 1850 (Within the confines of the American System, lowers tariffs on Agricultural goods until 1853 to their minimum allowed amount.)

Major Events

• Rising costs, inflation, and food shortages.
• Texas put on an annexation plan by 1855.
• Liberia made a Territory.
• Aided Haiti in establishing a Dominican republic, kicked Spain off of Hispañola peacefully.
• Mormon-based Republic of Deseret established, seceded from northern Mexico.

Constitutional Republic Party

Also called the “Constitution Party,” this new group was made up of mostly conservative members of Congress, including any that felt the executive branch held too much power. They called for the return of several powers to Congress, as well as ending the suspension of Habeas Corpus Nationwide.

[Direct Context]

[Lore Compendium]

National Party Ticket

James Alexander Hamilton (National - Moderate)

President of the United States since 1845, Speaker from 1843-1845, Congressman from NY from 1813-1845 (Political Centralist, Economic Centralist, Anti-Slavery, Anti-immigration, Aged 60)

Running Mate:

James Turner Morehead

Vice President of the United States since 1845, Senator from KY from 1833-1845, Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky from 1832-1833 (Economic Centralist, Anti-Slavery, Aged 51)

This marks this first election since 1792 in which the candidate was running unopposed. As such, most of the questions ahead of the game are about how the administration will handle various issues that came up during and after the Anglo-American War.

What to do About Spain?

State of Haiti and Hispañola in 1848

Since 1846, the Haitian Civil War had been put on pause as the Spanish intervened and consolidated power on the eastern half of the island and the Dominican rebels. This was in clear violation of the Sergeant Doctrine and an opportunistic move by the Kingdom of Spain when the United States was at her lowest. Now that the Treaty of Montreal has been ratified, Haiti has been demanding the US Government step in and do something. President Hamilton and Congress both are uninterested with another outright war, so the following options were made by Congress for potential approval.

Option #1

Spain leaves the island by September 1, 1849, pays $0.25 Million in reparations to Haiti, with no regard for the Dominican rebels (they rightfully are Haiti's issue)

Option #2

Spain leaves the island by September 1, 1849, pays $0.25 Million in reparations to Haiti, and the United States works with Haiti to establish an independent Dominican republic.

With both options, a threat to have the Spanish on the island and on Puerto Rico be blockaded by the US Navy.

What to do About Florida?

Seward-Douglas Plan

Proposed by Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas and New York Senator William Seward, this plan proposes that western and southern Florida be given to the Seminole in the form of an autonomous territory similar to Upper Canada. Georgia would annex the counties around Jacksonville, and the rest of Florida would be allowed to become a state for southern freedmen to congregate and live in. While this transition will, of course, take time. This plan is supported by many liberals. Although Senator Seward has co-sponsored this bill, many of his radical peers have not followed him through with this.

Buchanan-Fillmore Plan

Proposed by Congressman James Buchanan and Congressman Millard Fillmore, this plan would allow the Seminole in western and southern Florida to be given status as an autonomous territory similar to Upper Canada. The rest of Florida will be allowed to rejoin the Union with only 25% loyalty stipulations after 1850 (rather than 40% after 1855). This plan is preferred by many southerners and conservative northerners.

Dayton-Hamlin Plan

Proposed by New Jersey Senator William Dayton and Maine Senator Hannibal Hamlin, this plan would have Georgia annex the northern ⅕ of Flordia, while the Seminole are given status as an autonomous territory similar to Upper Canada in the rest of Florida. This would eliminate Florida as a state, and does not create a unique state for the newly freed black people from the 3 traitor-states to settle instead. This plan is supported by most radicals, including northern freedmen like Frederick Douglass; although worries abound of the dangers of attempting a normalization of relations between freed slaves and their former masters.

What to do About Texas?

Texas has been in severe debt for some time now, ever since Mirabeau Lamar fought a second war with Mexico and built up the Texan Military. They are doing their best to pay off their debts, but need outside help, or face collapse. When the Patriot War broke out, Texas had declared neutrality and opposition to the seceding states in exchange for a reconsideration on the question of annexation. Ambassador Charles Francis Adams has brought the issue up again to the President and his cabinet, following the Treaty of Montreal. Adams himself is in favor of this, but understands the country needs time to recover following the devastation and shift of responsibility of so much land after the war. He has also gotten the Texan government to agree to pay off all of its foreign debt by itself following any annexation.

State Secretary Clay brings up a possibility of instead lending Texas money to pay off its other debts, although the United States itself is already in massive debt following the war. What's to be done about Texas?

Option #1

Lend Texas money with the intention of being lenient on collecting returns, Texas needs to remain sovereign.

Option #2

Put Texas on an annexation timeline of 5 years, no sooner than January 1, 1854, but no later than 1855. The kinks can be worked out later.

Option #3

Put Texas on an annexation timeline of 10 years, no sooner than January 1, 1859, but no later than 1860. The kinks can be worked out later.

What to do About Liberia?

Liberia is more-or-less an Unofficial American colony in Africa, set up by the American Colonization Society, in an effort to separate freedmen from whites during the 1820s; an idea that became outdated partway into the 1830s. Still, the colony had been growing steadily since its inception. With the conclusion of the Anglo-American War, Liberia has presented the American government a declaration of independence. How should the administration respond?

Option #1

Respect the wishes of the Liberians, and allow a peaceful separation. Plus, this will help our standing with Haiti.

Option #2

Offer instead for Liberia to become an autonomous territory, similar to Upper Canada. Make their land claims more official, and better protect them from European interference.

[Vote Here!]

[Lore Compendium]

James Alexander Hamilton

11th President of the United States since March 4, 1845

Cabinet

Vice President:	James T. Morehead
Secretary of State:	Henry Clay
Secretary of the Treasury:	Levi Woodbury
Secretary of War:	John Spencer
Attorney General:	Louis McLane
Secretary of the Navy:	David Henshaw
Secretary of Infrastructure:	Reuben Walworth

Election Results

Presidential - 194 Needed

James Hamilton (Federalist) - 229/386 EVs and 57.18% of the PV

• Delaware (3)
• Pennsylvania (34)
• New Jersey (9)
• Connecticut (9)
• Massachusetts (19)
• New Hampshire (7)
• New York (48)
• Rhode Island (4)
• Vermont (7)
• Kentucky (17)
• Ohio (20)
• Franklin (13)
• Illinois (11)
• Cuba (22)
• Michigan (6)

Silas Wright (Whig) - 85/386 EVs and 28.46% of the PV

• Maryland (12)
• Virginia (30)
• North Carolina (17)
• Tennessee (18)
• Maine (8)

John Calhoun (Jeffersonian Republican) - 72/386 EVs and 12.18% of the PV

• Georgia (15)
• South Carolina (13)
• Louisiana (9)
• Choctaw (20)
• Missouri (9)
• Florida (3)
• Arkansaw (3)

House

The Federalists ally with the Liberty Party to retain control of the House

Speaker

Robert C. Winthrop of Massachusetts (Federalist; Speaker since 1845, Congressman from Massachusetts since 1842, 1840-1842)

Senate

The Federalists ally with the Liberty Party to retain control of the Senate

Pro Tempore

John Berrien of Georgia (Federalist; Pro Tempore since 1841, Senator from Georgia since 1835, 1825-1829)

Early Presidency

Delaware votes for Gradual Abolition

Sometime in March of 1845, the new Delaware Legislature voted for a gradual abolition program to take place over the course of 10 years, with financial compensation to slave owners. Delaware is expected to become a fully free state by 1855.

This angered many planter elites across the south, with one Choctaw newspaper saying “the end to our honest way of life is beginning to unravel as we know it.”

Updated Territory Map

1845

Anglo-American War

[How it Started]

How it's Going

Garrisons and militias throughout the country were called to arms between July and August for 9 month tours of service, subject to a 3 month renewal after 6 months. With War Secretary John Spencer and General Winfield Scott, plans were drawn for invasions into New Albion and British North America. While the President had no appetite for annexing the territory, now that war was on the periphery, many within the government began pushing for it.

The Allocation of Forces

General Winfield Scott would be given command of the Army of New England with the goal of invading the region of New Brunswick. Under his command includes notable officers of Robert Lee, Ulysses Grant, and William Harney. By sea, Commodore Matthew Perry would defend logistical shipments in the region and seize British shipping doing the same.

General Zachary Taylor would be given command of the Army of the Hudson with the goal of invasion into Upper Canada through New York, supported by lesser forces from Michigan. Under his command includes notable officers Henry Clay Jr, George McClellan, and Cassius Clay.

General John Frémont would be given command of the Army of Oregon with the goal of invading British outposts in the region, including British Columbia. Commodore Robert Stockton would be tasked with clearing the Pacific Northwest of British navy vessels and support an invasion of the island of Victoria using Marines.

The remainder of navy vessels would be tasked with defending the waters between New York and Cuba.

General Edmund Gaines would be tasked with defending Cuba from British invasion. Under his command would include notable officers such as Carlos de Céspedes, Vincente Gonzalez, and Juan Spotorno.

Early Stages of the War

Eastern Theatre

In October 1845, the city of Saint John in New Brunswick would be placed under siege by General Winfield Scott and Colonel Ulysses Grant. 

In early 1846, American forces would successfully capture the city of Hamilton following a fierce battle. During the battle, Henry Clay Jr would be killed, causing a deep wound in State Secretary Clay.

Western Theatre

General Frémont would lead his forces to capture the settlement at Abbotsford and the greater Fraser Valley by February of 1846, following the capture of several British forts not-yet abandoned after the pull-out of the joint occupation agreement of Oregon. While Frémont himself was far from a military genius, his expertise in mapping the area and experience in leading provided great tools for what the American Army needed out west.

General John Fremont

War Developments throughout 1846

Expanding the tour date, request of more militias

In January, the War Department announced its elongation of the end date from March until September, with a meeting in June to decide another potential extension. While many were upset that their sons, husbands, and fathers would be gone for longer, knowing it was against a powerful enemy to the nation meant everything. On top of that, War Secretary Spencer would send out more requests across the nation for more militias to volunteer their forces for temporary service in the US Army.

Canada Joins the War

An incident would occur in March where 2 British ships would request an opportunity to dock outside of Quebec, the Canadian capital, for repairs. After their request was denied, they decided to forcefully dock anyway, however following a skirmish on the dockyards, the Canadian military was able to capture the British soldiers and sailors and seize the ships for themselves. Following this incident, as well as relative American success so far in the war, President Louis-Joseph Papineau would declare war on the British Empire later that month. While the Canadian military and navy was small, it would undoubtedly help slow the buildup of larger British forces in the area.

Canadian President, Louis-Joseph Papineau

Capture of Important Ports and the Secession Crisis

After the [capture of Norfolk and New Orleans, the states of South Carolina and Choctaw would declare independence with support from the newly-local British naval officers, and begin to send out requests to their neighbors for support.] By July of 1846, President Hamilton issued demands to the seceding states, including Florida, for the immediate cessation of hostilities to the United States Federal Government. When no reply was received, the President ordered Generals Scott and Taylor south, as well as 30k men, to deal with the traitors down south. The northeastern front would be commanded by newly appointed general Robert Lee, and the northern front commanded by newly appointed general George McClellan.

General Robert Lee, 1846

General George McClellan, 1846

By late July, President Hamilton issued a proclamation titled the Declaration of Southern Treachery. In it, he detailed that the planter elites, of the richest and biggest plantations in the deep south, have convinced themselves that their riches were more important to defend than the nation, in its greatest hour. As Congress would meet up again in September, the proclamation also outlined the President's wishes for Congress and the general political landscape before the midterms. First, he called for a “united political front against the enemies of the Constitution”, asked for Congress to suspend the writ of Habeas Corpus in states under threat, and for Congress to consider a conscription bill, so that the United States may better defend itself from its current foreign and domestic enemies.

Finally, in early August, after much consideration and deliberation with his cabinet, President Hamilton would, by executive order, suspend Habeas Corpus along rail lines leading to the capital, Philadelphia, and York. This was insanely controversial, with Chief Justice Roger Taney in particular writing that it was a “blatant abuse of power, with no Constitutional backing.” The Hamilton administration, however, would argue the necessity of the act, given the precarious situation the country was in, especially the rebellion in the south.

Battle of Chesapeake Bay

In June of 1846, a large naval force would attempt to take control of the Chesapeake Bay for the shelling of Washington, D.C. American naval forces would stall the British for 6 days, allowing for President Hamilton and Congress to temporarily flee to York in Pennsylvania; as well as time for Matthew Perry to organize a force to come at the British from behind, sinking 4 ships and capturing 6 vessels. 2 others got away. While an American victory, it resulted in the shelling of the Congressional Building, as well as the Executive Mansion. By July, the President pledged to stay in Washington, D.C, while Congress would operate out of York for the remainder of the war.

Commodore Matthew Perry

Failed British landing at Guantanamo Bay

By October, the British would successfully drive away, capture, or destroy many American navy vessels around eastern and southern Cuba, allowing for an invasion of a naval port of growing importance on the island, Guantanamo. Colonel Spotorno and Colonel Céspedes would be the primary officers in charge of defending the bay from capture. While landings were initially successful, hours after day 3 of the battle, came reinforcements from General Gaines. Another wave would be launched the following day, including an hour of bombardment from British ships, which would wound Gaines in his leg. Still, under the command of Céspedes, Gonzalez, and Spotorno, the bay would remain in American hands.

Colonel Carlos de Céspedes

Congress During the War

Using the Alien Enemies Act

By order of President Hamilton, arrests were ordered on “any known or suspected immigrants” who had “spoke ill of the War Effort, or ill of the Federal government.” There was a focus on English, Scottish, and Irish Immigrants (primarily based around New York City and Boston). There were a number of other immigrants arrested under the same auspices, though their numbers are relatively disparate. Many would not see trial for their arrests starting until the waning days of the war.

War Powers Act of 1846

When Congress met up in September of 1846, the first major act to be passed was the War Powers Act, which granted the following:

• Retroactively gave the President the right to suspend the writ of habeas corpus along roads and rail lines leading to the capital for a 4-month period, or until the next meeting of Congress, and only in times of invasion or rebellion.
• Congress, upon meeting again, must approve of the President's usage of the Act, or else all arrested under the name of enforcing said act shall be set free for being arrested under illegal orders.
• A provision in the act granted the executive branch the power to approve and allocate duties regarding the conscription of soldiers into the military for a period of 2-3 years, with Congressional Approval.

Railroad Tax Act of 1846

On all national rail lines, civilian usage would be taxed via ticket prices increasing by 10 cents per person. Revenue would either go into the war effort or into keeping the national debt low.

Congress Suspends Writ of Habeas Corpus in Several States

Upon meeting again, Congress passed bills that suspended Habeas Corpus in the rebelling states (South Carolina, Choctaw, Florida), as well as states currently seeing heavy fighting against rebel forces (Georgia, Tennessee, Arkansaw, Louisiana, and Virginia). There was much outcry over this, especially in Nashville and Little Rock, but it was fully within the Constitutional right of Congress to do so; especially in a situation as dire as this one.

Conscription Act of 1846

Established the Office of Conscription Services under the War Department with the duty of organizing conscription, set a minimum conscription service of 2 years was set for all those called, and made it so enacting of Conscription can only be called upon by Congress. The major act of Congress in 1846 would be enacting Conscription, the first rollout of papers to be issued in December.

Confiscation Act of 1846

Passed in October, the Confiscation Act allowed for the military to seize land and property from rebels and those that aid rebels or invaders. Seizure may be approved at will by a commanding officer of Lieutenant or higher, or by a military governor. Notably, the act would permanently give property rights to the federal government regarding slaves.

Forming of the National Party (September)

Despite calls for canceling the midterm elections, Hamilton was fiercely opposed to this line of action, believing it a slippery slope. He was also concerned over the Constitutionality of it. Instead, he and Federalist Speaker Robert Winthrop proposed a unity-party; to give both the greater public and the British that the United States was more united than ever during these trying times. As such, the National Party was formed.

Constitutionalists

Also referred to as “Traditionalists”, they disapprove of President Hamilton's use of executive power, the war powers act, and the conscription act, believing all to be unconstitutional and only giving authority to the executive branch that it was not intended to have. Nonetheless, they are willing to stand with the President when it comes to defending the country they serve. They are made up of mostly southern Federalists and Whigs loyal to the union. They are mixed on slavery, are against black suffrage, though slightly favor native rights. They favor the destruction of British North America.

Moderates

The Moderates represent most of the Federalist base that President Hamilton came from, mostly concerned with interpreting the Constitution in a way that better allows for winning the war. They are the faction most willing to work with the President regarding this matter. They are against slavery, mixed on black suffrage, and slightly against native rights. They favor the complete destruction of the southern rebels, and the destruction of British North America.

Liberals

Liberals are largely made up of northern Whigs, which oppose the war powers act and conscription act by principle. They definitely will push for a reduction of these powers following the war's conclusion. They also represent the bulk of the current make up of the unity party. They are against slavery, mixed on black suffrage, and slightly favor native rights. They favor the complete annexation of British North America following the war.

Radicals

The Radicals are mostly made up of the Liberty Party, which were against the war to start out with. Quickly, however, they got on board; especially once southern rebels declared secession. Their loyalty to the union is under question by some, but they joined the unity party all the same. They are pushing to allow free black men to serve in the military. They are against slavery, in favor of black suffrage, and slightly favor native rights. They favor the complete destruction of southern rebels by any means necessary.

1846 Midterms

House

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Speaker

Robert C. Winthrop of Massachusetts (National - Constitutionalist; Speaker since 1845, Congressman from Massachusetts since 1842, 1840-1842)

Senate

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Pro Tempore

WIlliam Seward of New York (National - Radical; Pro Tempore since 1847, Senator from New York since 1841, Governor of New York from 1837-1841)

Congress Unable to Seat Several Elected Members

With Georgia, Arkansaw, and Louisiana under considerable threat from both rebels and the British, many Congressmen and Senators are unable to make it to Congress for several months (or until after the end of the war, for the case of Georgia). William Seward is elected Pro Tempore in the absence of John Berrien as he fights in Georgia. Seward agrees to step down as soon as Berrien is able to make it back to the Senate Chamber.

Closure of the Appalachian Corridor

By late February of 1847, rebel forces captured the last major settlement connecting Tennessee and Georgia. While fighting in the mountains has broken down into guerrilla warfare, the plains and coast of Georgia fight on under Senator John Berrien, whom the President appointed as a General at the Senator's request. Berrien would abandon Atlanta and opt to fight from the forests and plains, living off of the land, starting from April.

John Brown's Posse

During the war, the infamous John Brown and his posse, including several of his children, would set up several bases of operations throughout southern Appalachia to raid nearby plantations and pass information to the federal government through spy channels. Supposedly, Brown is using the trails around Appalachia in order to send freed slaves up the underground railroad.

Advancements in the North (1847)

Fall of Saint John and New Brunswick (March, 1847)

With added pressure from Canada, as well as auxiliary forces provided by the young republic, General Lee would successfully capture the city of Saint John and rapidly seize the rest of the British Colony. General Lee, with aid from Colonel Grant, would begin consolidating control with plans to invade Nova Scotia, and seize Prince Edward Island with the use of Marines.

Fall of Victoria and Vancouver (April, 1847)

With British Columbia crumbling under the pressure of General Frémont, Commodore Robert Stockton would successfully defeat the last of major British naval resistance in the northern Pacific, capturing Vancouver with the use of Marines. Not long after, the rest of the outposts of Victoria island fell or surrendered to the encroaching American military.

Battle of Toronto (August, 1847)

After several months of inaction from General George McClellan, the President would appoint him as the new head of the Office of Conscription, as well as the lead training officer for conscripted soldiers from around the Chesapeake. In his place in the great white north, Colonel Franklin Pierce would be promoted to General with the goal of seizing what was left of British Canada. In August, Pierce would successfully see the capture of Toronto. By the end of the month, former Upper Canadian revolutionary William Lyon Mackenzie would be appointed as the military governor of the region.

General Franklin Pierce

Governor William Lyon Mackenzie

Domestic Issues

Suspension of Writ of Habeas Corpus Nationwide (March, 1847)

Upon the swearing of the new Congress, with who made it on time to be sworn in, passed with large margins in favor of suspending Habeas Corpus nationwide, at least a treaty with Britain is approved by the Senate. This especially was unpopular, and many saw this as a power grab from the federal government. Even more thought this was an overreaction, especially as the war was, if slowly, turning out in favor of the United States.

New Hampshire Allows Black Men Suffrage (May, 1847)

After much deliberation within the New Hampshire Legislature, an Amendment was added to their constitution to allow free black men the right to vote.

Black Men Allowed to Serve in Segregated Units (September, 1847)

After much pressure from the radicals within Congress, and the popularity of John Brown's Posse in the south (which had recruited a number of freed slaves), Congress conceded in allowing all free black men the right to serve in and be conscripted into the military. With the Army Organization Act, this was made possible. The act also allowed other people of color to serve alongside black soldiers, or in their own units, notably natives.

Southern Theatre (1847)

Battle of Little Rock (August, 1847)

After much struggle, General Taylor pulled off the liberation of Little Rock, Arkansaw from rebel forces. Although the “traitor government” set up there had fled the city, the state would be officially realigned with the federal government.

Siege of Dover (October, 1847)

With the British Navy responsible, Dover, much of Delaware, and Delmarvan Virginia have been cut off from most supplies by a siege of naval vessels and regiments of British troops to the north of the city. As the city remains cut off going into winter, there is little hope of liberation until spring of 1848, or perhaps later. Making a rather controversial decision, it seems as if the Hamilton Administration is directing most supplies and men to fighting in the north and deep south. Congressmen and Senators from Delaware are now cut off from meeting in York.

Battle of Chattanooga (October, 1847)

Rebel forces, supported by a British contingent, were able to beat Colonel Braxton Bragg's force in Chattanooga, Tennessee. Bragg retreated his base of operations back to Nashville. Colonel William Harney is sent to reinforce Tennessee at request of Senator Polk.

Developments since 1848

January

General Taylor advanced into western Choctaw to capture the city of Jackson. Many within the city center clamored as Jefferson Davis, a city council member, and son-in-law to the General, declared Zachary Taylor as a “liberator”. In response, the Choctaw government called for the immediate seizure of Davis’ plantation.

General John Wool, a protégé of General Scott, would organize the recapture of Norfolk, Virginia, and its naval base. After an advance toward the city which led to a siege in October, the British escaped the city in January, causing Wool to walk in and declare the city liberated in a letter to the President. Acting against orders from the federal government, Wool would not organize the recapture of escaped slaves who served alongside the British and did not leave with them. Instead, they were given the right to walk free if they swore loyalty to the United States Constitution, and to not aid or abet the British or rebels further. There was severe outcry from Virginia, and an effort from the governor to undergo slave-capturing efforts on these black men, and the President wrote to Wool that they must be arrested, and offered that instead of being returned to their (mostly Virginian) masters, that they be considered “enemy contraband” instead – that the federal government would treat them much better. From there, Hamilton wrote, they could join Wool's army as logistics slaves, or could be kept from work altogether at Wool's discretion.

March

On March 3rd, General Pierce successfully captured the city of Ottawa, although with heavy casualties due to the cold. By order of President Hamilton, further pushes north were to be halted until June.

By the 17th, New Orleans had been liberated by General Stephen Kearny, driving the British out of port with surprisingly few losses. The British Navy still held dominance over the Caribbean, not allowing trade to resume out of New Orleans, but the city celebrated the sight of the American military nonetheless.

On the 20th, General Lee would, with Canadian regiments bringing up the rear, seize the city of Halifax after months of fierce resistance. This marked the last major city on the east coast of British North America, and would result in the British officially pulling out of the South to protect its remaining lands in the north.

After the major victories throughout the month, the President would issue, on March 30, 1848, the Emancipation Proclamation. It detailed that all captured slaves from the traitorous states of South Carolina, Choctaw, and Florida, as well as slaves captured from the British (rare circumstances, only really seen in Norfolk) to be set free immediately, as well as any and all slaves from the aforementioned traitorous states. This caused quite a stir, especially among the loyal southern states, but the President and his people argued that it was “necessary recompense” for each state's treason.

Rhode Island and Vermont Allow Black Men Suffrage (April-May)

As word of the Emancipation Proclamation made its way throughout the country, this pressured the Legislatures of Rhode Island and Vermont to become the final New England states to allow freedmen the right to vote.

End of the Anglo-American War

British Surrender (May, 1848)

After important British losses a few months prior, and the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation, Queen Victoria offered to surrender British North America for American Occupation in exchange for fair treatment of British prisoners of war (including many Irishmen, natives, and black men recruited into their army) until a treaty and prisoner exchange could be negotiated at a different date.

Food shortages in the British Isles, as well as a growing chartist movement was fueling protests across the United Kingdom, and it was expected that a proper treaty would have to wait until the Crown could lick its wounds.

End of the Rebellion (August, 1848)

After Mobile, Columbia, and Charleston fell between April and June, pockets of resistance continued for quite some time. The Seminole tribes, who had declared neutrality at the beginning of the rebellion, had risen up and quickly overpowered the rebel leadership in Florida. By August, the final major rebel cells had either dispersed or surrendered to parties led by generals Scott, Taylor, and Wool.

Treaty of Montreal (September, 1848)

Delegations of the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada met in Montreal to finalize negotiations and the aftermath of the war.

For Canada:

• The rest of Lower Canada, as well as territory reaching into the Hudson bay will be ceded to Canada.
• Canada will receive £0.5 Million in reparations.

For America:

• The rest of the territory of British North America, including the colony of New Albion, will be ceded to the United States.
• America will receive £2.5 Million in reparations.

General:

• All POWs will be returned to their mother country.
• All native tribes that supported the British will be treated with respect, with exception to designated criminals.
• All British Government and Corporate Assets will remain untouched and will be allowed scavenging and removal until January 1, 1850.
• Trade will resume as normalized in the Havana Accord (American System).

Map of the United States, 1848

Map of States, Territories, and Occupied Regions, 1848

Casualties

United States:

170,000 Killed, Wounded, Or Missing

British + Traitors:

145,000 Killed, Wounded, Or Missing

Beginning Reconstruction

Establishment of Occupied Governments

In the Atlantic Territory, Colonel Ulysses Grant would be appointed as the military governor; and in Oregon, General John Frémont. Both were given the directive to treat the local populace well and to prepare them for eventual statehood.

The treasonous states would be placed under a completely military-occupied government for the time being, and as rebel-associated cells were to be hunted down. Choctaw would be placed under General Zachary Taylor, who was hailed as a hero in Jackson. South Carolina's governor would be offered to Head of the Army, General Winfield Scott, General John Wool, and General Robert Lee, but would ultimately be assigned to General George McClellan. Florida's governor would be recommended as General John Wood by General Scott. Florida was so low in population, however, that much of western Florida would be freely governed by the Seminole instead (with the blessing of Generals Wool and Scott, and pressure from Congressman John Quincy Adams).

Primary Plan

Choctaw and South Carolina governments and people were deemed to be the primary usurpers of Constitutional Law. Thus, all governmental leaders that had either voted in favor of the raising of arms against the federal government in time of war, or those who otherwise aided the rebels or the British during the war, would be barred from holding elected offices again. This also applies to the rebel-exile governments of Arkansaw, Louisiana, and Georgia.

All militia, or otherwise designated military leaders that took up arms against the United States are to be barred from further service in the military, as well as a temporary hold on militia service for 5 years.

Each state was not to be considered for readmission until January 1, 1855, and had to have no less than 40% of its citizens swear loyalty to the Constitution.

Florida was deemed too insignificant, but much of the same principles applied on a smaller or lesser scale.

Federal Territory Reorganization Act of 1848

Passed with mainly Upper Canada in mind, the FTRA added a classification of “Territory” that allowed for the region a higher governmental autonomy. This was mainly to allow an expansion of governmental duties in Upper Canada and allow for elections to a “Territorial Legislature”; to better prepare the region for integration into the United States as another state.

Fate of King, Calhoun, and Others

William Rufus King, the Senator who led Choctaw into rebellion, got yellow fever while in Florida and died.

John C. Calhoun, as Charleston was under attack, was already sick. He died while under pressure to flee the city with other leadership, on his front porch.

Both men were rumored to have been poisoned, or took poison to avoid capture, but little evidence of such was found.

President Hamilton to run Unopposed

With the war and rebellion won and mostly dealt with, many have given the Anglo-American War new names, such as “The Second Revolutionary War”, and “The Patriot War”.

With the United States having more than doubled in size, and the most devastating war in the nation's history having been won, President Hamilton is coasting to a second term. That's a forgone conclusion. However, many have questions as to how Reconstruction of the south will be done? How soon will the newly acquired territory in the north be turned into states, if at all? The Texas question is back on the table now, and Spain had recently broken the Sergeant Doctrine by invading Hispañola. What does the President have in mind for this new world, where the British have a new hegemonic rival in the Americas?

States Admitted

• Iowa and Wisconsin in November, 1848 (too late to participate in the 1848 Presidential election)

Supreme Court Appointments

• Samuel Nelson to replace Joseph Story (1845)

National Debt

Increased by $3.21 Billion to $3.667 Billion since 1844

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President James Hamilton

President of the United States since 1845

House

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Speaker

Robert C. Winthrop of Massachusetts (Federalist; Speaker since 1845, Congressman from Massachusetts since 1842, 1840-1842)

Senate

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Pro Tempore

John Berrien of Georgia (Federalist; Pro Tempore since 1841, Senator from Georgia since 1835, 1825-1829)

Major Laws

• War Powers Act of 1846 (Gave the President the right to temporarily suspend Habeas Corpus; allows the executive branch to allocate duties for conscripting soldiers for 2-3 years at a time with Congressional Approval.)
• Railroad Tax Act of 1846 (All civilian use of railroads shall be taxed an additional 10 cents per ticket.)
• Selective Suspension of Habeas Corpus (Congress Suspended Habeas Corpus throughout the deep south, including secessionist and loyalist states.)
• Conscription Act of 1846 (Established the Office of Conscription Services under the War Department. Gave Congress the right to enact conscription, and set a minimum conscripted service length of 2 years.)
• Confiscation Act of 1846 (Allowed and encouraged the federal seizure of property from those aiding invaders or rebels. Notably, slaves. Slaves captured by the federal government would be put to work in logistics and repair services.)

Major Events

• Start of the Anglo-American War (August, 1845)
• Canada Joins American side of the War (January-February, 1846)
• Southern Rebellion (April-July, 1846)
• Shelling of Washington (June, 1846)
• Congress flees to York, Pennsylvania (June, 1846)
• Declaration of Southern Treachery (July, 1846)

National Party - Unity Ticket

With war against a great power and rebellion sparking in the south, major players of all parties got together to form a unity ticket, united with the goal of winning the war and preserving the union. 4 factions emerged as quickly as the unity party was formed:

Constitutionalists

Also referred to as “Traditionalists”, they disapprove of President Hamilton's use of executive power, the war powers act, and the conscription act, believing all to be unconstitutional and only giving authority to the executive branch that it was not intended to have. Nonetheless, they are willing to stand with the President when it comes to defending the country they serve. They are made up of mostly southern Federalists and Whigs loyal to the union. They are mixed on slavery, are against black suffrage, though slightly favor native rights. They favor the destruction of British North America.

Moderates

The Moderates represent most of the Federalist base that President Hamilton came from, mostly concerned with interpreting the Constitution in a way that better allows for winning the war. They are the faction most willing to work with the President regarding this matter. They are against slavery, mixed on black suffrage, and slightly against native rights. They favor the complete destruction of the southern rebels, and the destruction of British North America.

Liberals

Liberals are largely made up of northern Whigs, which oppose the war powers act and conscription act by principle. They definitely will push for a reduction of these powers following the war's conclusion. They also represent the bulk of the current make up of the unity party. They are against slavery, mixed on black suffrage, and slightly favor native rights. They favor the complete annexation of British North America following the war.

Radicals

The Radicals are mostly made up of the Liberty Party, which were against the war to start out with. Quickly, however, they got on board; especially once southern rebels declared secession. Their loyalty to the union is under question by some, but they joined the unity party all the same. They are pushing to allow free black men to serve in the military. They are against slavery, in favor of black suffrage, and slightly favor native rights. They favor the complete destruction of southern rebels by any means necessary.

Unionist Party - Loyal Opposition

Made up of mostly traditionalists and conservatives who opposed a one-party election, the Unionist Party is not too dissimilar from the Constitutionalist faction of the National Party. Generally, while they agree that the secessionist states are traitors to the Constitution, they strongly disagree with the federal Government's handling of the conflict. The Unionists are pushing for a quick end to the war with Britain, and a return to normalcy after the war, as well as a stripping of executive power. They slightly favor slavery, are against black suffrage, and are against native rights. They don't want to waste time on the British, and instead punish their fellow, though traitorous, southerners.

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In April, the British navy would successfully capture the naval base at Norfolk, Virginia. Senator John C. Calhoun and other southern leaders would express concern to each other, and meet in Charleston to discuss what to do. In early May, Calhoun would draft a letter to be given to the officer in charge of the occupation of Norfolk. The letter would arrive by May 8, 1846, with the following details:

• The British land and naval forces would recognize the independence of South Carolina, and any other state that chose to declare independence from the United States.
• South Carolina and associated states will provide food and safe passage through its land, and in exchange, the British will provide South Carolina and associated states with arms and ammunition.
• South Carolina and associated states will join the war against the United States in exchange for preferential trade deals with the British Crown. The United Kingdom would respect the foreign policy decision of the seceding states after the war.

Calhoun and others of the planter class expressed great concern over their states being led to bankruptcy during the war, or perhaps ravaged by an ill-prepared United States leading the region to war against a world power. By the 12th, the proposal was met with a temporary agreement that shall last until further word is given from the Crown. Later that week, New Orleans would be captured, leading to a similar situation from Choctaw. On May 15 and 21, both South Carolina and Choctaw seceded respectively. Senator Calhoun would be the de facto leader of the newly independent South Carolina, and Senator William Rufus King would be the de facto leader of his newly independent state.

Both leaders planned to establish a new union in the southern region of the United States that catered more to the interest of their states, the planter elites, and other slave owners. As such, other states were petitioned by Choctaw and South Carolina to follow their lead. Texas was also contacted to enter the war against the United States.

Texas

President Anson Jones

The Republic of Texas would receive a proposal from both South Carolina and Choctaw by mid June. The states claimed to be forming a “Confederacy” to fight against the tyranny of the United States against farmers and the way of slavery. This was greatly discussed within the Presidential cabinet of Jones, although was greatly influenced by American Ambassador Charles Francis Adams, who was able to convince President Jones to not only not join the war, but to denounce the secessionist movement with promises to advocate for Texan admission into the United States after the war.

Akansaw

Arkansaw is still a young state but one that is deeply entrenched in the practice of slavery. With the United States having not elected a pro-slavery President since 1809, and the war doing a number on the southern economy, Choctaw sent a delegation to convince the young state to join in their secession and establish a “Southern Confederacy” free from northern tyranny.

Advocates against this within the Arkansaw Legislature argue that the state's proximity to northern-loyal states such as Kentucky and Missouri threaten the economic safety of the state more than the war against the British. They also argue that they worry that the economic strength of a southern confederacy sounds shaky at best without other states joining first, like Georgia, or Virginia.

Georgia

Pro Tempore of the US Senate, Senator John Berrien

Georgia was an obvious pick for South Carolina and Choctaw to pressure into joining the secessionist movement, given it would connect the two states by land. Georgia is home to the second biggest economic heartland and rail hub of Atlanta, and could provide enough support to the other secessionist states logistically and economically as trade is slowly set up again. Georgia has a large planter base too, that could threaten or lobby the Georgia government in favor of secession from another anti-south United States government. However, a large Federalist base is in portions of Atlanta, and could be trouble.

Federalist Senator John Berrien steps in, attempting to convince the state Legislature against secession. “Secession, amidst the current predicament the American nation finds itself in, is tantamount to treason of the highest order. The great state of Georgia ratified the Constitution of the United States and its several amendments. Our forefathers knew the risks and fortunes when making these decisions.” He would say on the Legislature floor. “I hope when the time comes, we decide not to spit on the actions of our forefathers, for their risks have proven to be an economic boon to our state. We host an economic and logistical centre, and are blessed with fertile soil, with which we may grow our many crops. [...] It is soon time in this chamber to decide where [Georgia] shall stand. As a Senator elected by many of you, and your official representative to the United States Congress, I say we are part of no northern nation, nor southern. We are not a nation of Georgians, nor part of a dixie nation. We are a nation of Americans.”

Florida

Florida, like Arkansaw, is sparsely populated. However, many of its settlers are small slave owners and native tribes that hold ill will toward the establishment parties. Perhaps, the secessionists think, that could be taken advantage of. The Floridian government sets up a popular vote in favor of secession, and the native tribes, specifically those associated with the Seminole, are promised land rights and favorable treaties in exchange for helping with rebelling against the United States. The popular vote wins out, although many native groups declare neutrality. Some small ones, however, promise to support the southern union.

North Carolina

The northern neighbor to the first state to secede, North Carolina finds itself in a weird middle ground. It's a state with deep roots in slavery and southern culture, however the ownership of slaves has begun to dwindle over the past decade. Supporters of secession argue that keeping the port city of Wilmington out of British hands is of utmost importance to keeping the economy alive. Although the Appalachian mountains are home to many anti-secessionists, and many others are wary of supporting secession during a time of war with a foreign power. North Carolina scheduled a popular vote to be held on June 8.

Tennessee

Tennessee was home to many slave owners and elite planters in the western half of the state, but the eastern half was full of anti-secessionists. Notably, Congressman James Polk would argue before the Tennessean Legislature that considering secession during a time like this was a risky move, and that the option should be reconsidered following the war's conclusion.

Louisiana

Despite the occupation of New Orleans, Louisiana was in a risky situation. With the much bigger state of Choctaw to the east, and the potential of Arkansaw in the north seceding, the people of Louisiana felt the need to secede too, especially now that the population and economic hub of the state was captured by the British. Federal representatives would push against Louisianan secession, arguing that holding the Mississippi River was vastly important to keeping the rebellion under control, although keeping the river was under question at all if Arkansaw also seceded.

Virginia

After the capture of Norfolk, South Carolina sent a delegation to Richmond, the largest industrial and logistical hub in the south, to convince the commonwealth to join a new southern union. Joining would allow the British to hand back the lands around Norfolk, and to be stationed out of Norfolk for the remainder of the war (with promises to pull out by then). Getting Virginia on the side of the south would force the north into a deeper hole, and would help guarantee the future of the south free from northern rule. However, many Virginians, especially those in Richmond and from the mountains fiercely argued against any sort of secession. Further, former President William Harrison, a born Virginian, would travel to the state following news of the secession crisis, and argue before crowds in Richmond that secession from the United States is comparable to that of treason, especially that Britain has killed many Virginians already. Why make a deal with the British loyalists now?

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Since the reelection of the Federalist Party and James Hamilton coming to power, it was believed war with Britain may be avoided after all. However, with reports from the Pacific Northwest from Colonel William Harney that bands of natives and others carrying the British flag seized an American settlement in the Oregon Country. After taking back the settlement, Massacreing the natives, and capturing the British leadership that had not fled, Harney would report back to Washington, D.C. with news of the series of events, and that he is building up local forces in preparation for an attack into British Columbia, if given permission from the federal government.

Colonel William S. Harney

Upon hearing of this news, President Hamilton was supposedly furious.

“I was elected with the intention of cooling relations between the United States and the British Crown. It shall be noted, that while I am unsure of the reasoning behind the attack on the United States and her people, that I, President of these United States, shall seek necessary retribution for this unabashed aggression from a Crown a world away.”

- President James Alexander Hamilton, in a letter released to the public following rumors of battle in the distant northwestern territory.

President James A. Hamilton

Although General Winfield Scott pleaded with the President to allow 15 weeks for an investigation, and a meeting with the British Ambassador in the meantime, the President would not, or could not listen. Thus, on August 21, 1845, Congress would declare war on the United Kingdom: beginning the British-American War.

The President immediately called for Winfield Scott, as head of the Army, War Secretary Spencer, Naval Secretary Henshaw, and State Secretary Clay to a joint meeting. There, initial battle plans were to be discussed, as well as how to handle the war on the domestic front and in regards to other nations. In particular, General Scott insisted on the removal of Colonel Harney from the Oregon Country, and requested he be placed on the east coast.

Despite the loss of the Whigs in the Presidential election, Congress was filled with more Whigs than anticipated, who began to push publicly for the annexation of British North America following the conclusion of the war.

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James Alexander Hamilton (Federalist)

Speaker of the House since 1843, Congressman from New York since 1813 (Political Centralist, Economic Centralist, Anti-Slavery, Anti-immigration, Aged 56)

As tensions over slavery and with Britain ramp up, the Federalist nominee is a bulwark against slavery. The young son of the founding father, James Alexander Hamilton isn't an outright abolitionist, but has historically fought to limit the power of slaveholders, and his aim in Congress has been to see the gradual abolition of the practice. In 1842 and 1843, he led the compromise with the Liberty Party that had him elected as Speaker of the House, and plans to continue to work with them if elected President. As such, the Liberty Party opted for a soft endorsement of Hamilton's ticket, but continues to run their own Congressional candidates.

The Speaker is against provoking war with Britain, although is in favor of continuing the policy of increasing the size of the navy instituted under President Harrison. He also wishes to normalize relations with Mexico, and wishes to invite them to the Havana Accords, and wishes to expand the American System further into South America with Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil. When it comes to the Civil War in Haiti, Hamilton wishes to mediate a peace between the Haitian Government and the Dominican Rebels.

As the national debt stands at $93 Million, Hamilton spends a lot of his campaign on methods to lower to debt. Along with continuing to encourage land sales out west, he wishes to increase prices for the existing nationally-owned railroads, as well as establish permanent tolls on national roads. This is already a contentious part of his platform, given that the federal government already charges an additional poll tax on all federal elections.

Running Mate:

James Turner Morehead

Senator from Kentucky since 1833, Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky from 1832-1833, Member of the KY House of Representatives from 1828-1831 (Economic Centralist, Anti-Slavery, Aged 47)

James T. Morehead's experience in the Senate could very well make him an excellent head of the same house of Congress, his ability to plan and connect with his fellow Federalists could also make him an excellent liaison between the President and Congress. Chosen to represent the western moderate Federalists, and a protégé of Henry Clay, Senator Morehead helps unite the party under the ticket better than originally thought so far, with his more moderate approach to his anti-slavery, as well as his moderate views on executive power, contrast to Congressman Hamilton's more liberal anti-slavery views and his more centralist doctrine on executive authority. His relative youth compared to Hamilton's is also noteworthy.

Coming out of a successful 2-term Federalist Presidency under William Harrison, the party runs on the line of continuing the successes of Harrison (such as the American System, supporting anti-European separatist movements in the new world, and keeping the nation united); while expanding on efforts to tackle the national debt, as well as seek to calm down tensions with Britain. Many Federalist pamphlets are handed out across the nation, with many calling the Federalists the “Common Sense Party,” in reference to how national crises got Burr elected in 1812, Harrison elected in 1836, and will get Hamilton elected in 1844. Pamphlets specific to New York City are handed out, with questions posed to voters such as “Congressman Hamilton was raised by an immigrant. Can you say the same about Governor Wright?” To little positive effect.

Silas Wright Jr (Whig)

Governor of New York since 1841, Senator from New York from 1833-1840, Comptroller of New York from 1829-1833 (Political Centralist, Economic Decentralist, Staunch Populist, Anti-Slavery, Aged 49)

Attempting to restore the image of the Whigs by emulating the ideas of Martin van Buren, Governor Silas Wright of New York aims to convince anti-Federalist Libertans as well as moderate Republicans to support his campaign, including through promising to avoid war with Britain and resuming trade with Texas. He runs on amending the Federal Elections Suffrage Act of 1841 to get rid of the added federal poll tax, and further runs on the classic Whig policy of reducing federal corruption, aiming to base it off of the anti-corruption reforms conducted under Fellow Whig, Postmaster General Louis McClane.

Wright wishes to expand the American System across both continents, but adds that trade would not be a focus of his Presidency. On reducing the national debt, Wright is in favor of increasing the prices of western land. He also has mentioned on the campaign trail his support for mediating peace talks in the Haitian Civil War.

As the [Dallas Doctrine] would become part of the Whig Party platform, Wright felt pressured to follow through despite his general disagreement, and joined in on campaigning for repealing the Cuban Compromise, and advocating for a law to establish popular sovereignty over slavery nationwide.

Running Mate:

James Buchanan

Congressman from Pennsylvania since 1839, from 1821-1831, Ambassador to Texas from 1836-1837, Senator from Pennsylvania from 1834-1836 (Political Decentralist, Economic Decentralist, Staunch Populist, Pro-immigration, Aged 53)

Congressman James Buchanan campaigns heavily in his native Pennsylvania, as well as New York in order to reach the immigrant voters there; spreading the Whig platform of populism and immigration reform. There are many rumors of Governor Silas Wright finding Buchanan rather “repulsive,” however. Despite this, Buchanan seems to be making headway in Philadelphia and New York City. His experience in Congress and foreign policy experience could very well make him an excellent President of the Senate, as well as advisor to the President himself. Despite Wright wishing to put more focus on domestic issues, foreign tensions may be too high to ignore entirely; so Buchanan having some experience in the field could be crucial.

Coming out of another Federalist Presidency under William Harrison, the Whigs are leveraging everything they have to conjure the early history of the nation - specifically, the reputation of Alexander Hamilton, the father of Federalist opponent James Hamilton. Many campaign pamphlets on “The Instability of A. Ham,” and “We stopped the Hamilton Dynasty in 1804, We can stop it again in 1844.” The party is also conducting massive operations in New York and Pennsylvania. Notably, Whig-aligned newspapers have been showing the divide between the Federalist and Liberty Parties; and how they don't have each other's interests at heart. Further, in Georgia and Cuba, the Party is working to convince voters that the Republican Party only has the interest of the planter elites, and the Whigs is the true populist party.

TRIGGER WARNING: RACISM

John C. Calhoun (Jeffersonian Republican)

Senator from South Carolina since 1832, Congressman from South Carolina from 1811-1827(Political Decentralist, Economic Decentralist, Pro-Slavery, Anti-Native, Anti-immigration, Aged 62)

Fighting for the planter class has never been harder as the national attitude toward emancipation and even equal rights shifts against them. The last of the great triumvirate with any electoral credibility is up next to tackle how underrepresented southern elites and slaveowners are in the federal government. Senator John Calhoun campaigns on restoring the “purity” of the nation, and that the Compromise of 1841 was an “unconstitutional, divisive, destructive deal” made by the British elites. Calhoun claims southern interests have gone unrepresented for so long, and that both Federalists and Whigs are complicit in dividing the country.

He opposes war with Britain, and favors Texan annexation, as well as expansion into Mexico and the Caribbean. In order to reduce the debt, Calhoun wishes to end the federal funding of Infrastructure, as well as abolish the Department of Infrastructure.

Running Mate:

Lewis Cass

Ambassador to France from 1836-1837, Governor of the Michigan Territory from 1813-1836, Member of the Ohio House from 1806-1807 (From Michigan, Political and Economic Decentralist, Anti-Native, Aged 62)

Mostly on the ticket for his history of states rights advocacy, Lewis Cass remains a Whig despite accepting the nomination for Republican Vice President. He supports the Whig Dallas Doctrine, and is strongly in favor of fulfilling manifest destiny, including the annexation of Texas.

The Republicans run a campaign throughout the south focused on “Keeping the wannabe African, James A. Hamilton, and his colleague, the feckless Silas Wright” from taking office. They spread word of the dangers of what the Federalists have stood for, and how they are supporting slave rebellion by aligning with the Liberty Party. Many are against war with Britain, and says that the Whiggish desire for war would destroy the southern economy.

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