u/formentoru

• Research focus has expanded from the single gp350 antigen to include multivalent combination strategies encompassing gH/gL, gB, and gp42
• For therapeutic vaccines, targeting latent-phase antigens—such as EBNA1, expressed in all EBV-associated tumors, and LMP1/LMP2, expressed in specific tumors—has become a core strategy for activating specific T cells immunity
• Multi-platform combination strategies will emerge. Cocktail combinations of mRNA or nanoparticle vaccines encoding multiple glycoproteins, or prime-boost vaccination approaches (e.g., viral vector priming followed by mRNA or subunit booster shots), hold promise for inducing broader, more durable humoral and cellular immune responses

"There is no licensed HSV-2 vaccine. We developed nanoparticles displaying the HSV-2 attachment protein gD and fusion mediation protein complex gH/gL.

Immunization of mice and non-human primates elicited high levels of neutralizing antibodies. Vaccination conferred robust protection in mice, preventing disease and nearly eliminating infection and shedding following HSV-2 challenge.

While gD induced high neutralizing antibody titers, gH/gL contributed substantially to protection despite lower neutralization titers. Instead, gH/gL immunization generated strong fusion-blocking responses which were an important correlate of protection, showing that standard neutralization assays incompletely capture the importance of fusion-blocking activity.

These findings demonstrate that targeting both HSV-2 attachment and fusion elicit complementary mechanisms for protection from infection and that neutralizing antibody alone may be insufficient for protection. Overall, these results present an innovative strategy for an HSV-2 vaccine."

Im the guy taking dozens and dozens of vaccines for secondary benefits.

For example MenB vax can give you partial protection against gonnorhea as a bonus (very important after you looxmaxxed).

Or Yellow Fever vaccine is known to boost your immunity against everything for some time.

Or BCG gives childer herpes protection.

I posted new trial:

"COVID mRNA vaccines with ICIs is responsible for significant improvements in three-year overall survival in multiple large cohorts of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and metastatic melanoma. Patients treated with these vaccines also have increased expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on their tumors.

This trial is designed to evaluate whether the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID mRNA vaccine improves responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with stage IV melanoma and stage IV non-small cell lung cancer."

So they randomly found out covid-19 vax helps against tumor and now they want to test it again.

Your trial guy is back again! These results are 9 days old:

• The first episode of herpes labialis was delayed in BCG-vaccinated children (p = 0.08).
• 38% relative risk reduction of ever having herpes labialis in BCG-vaccinated children (p = 0.1).
• 53% lower risk of herpes labialis recurrence in BCG-vaccinated children (p = 0.02).
• BCG's immunomodulatory effects may help combat HSV, addressing a gap in preventive strategies.

Every month, VaccinesBeat do this big commentary on new studies

"One of the gp42 antibodies performed extremely well. Across all three experiments combined, EBV was undetectable in every one of the 13"

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the principal cause of genital herpes, establishes lifelong latency with recurrent mucosal lesions, and facilitates acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).

Because current therapy still relies largely on nucleoside analogues and resistant isolates continue to emerge, alternative antiviral strategies are needed.

In this study, halofuginone (HF), a halogenated analogue of the febrifugine scaffold, inhibited both wild-type and acyclovir-resistant HSV-2 in cultured cells at nanomolar concentrations.

In a murine genital challenge model, topical administration before viral exposure reduced viral burden and alleviated local inflammatory responses.

Pre-exposure experiments further showed that HF decreased the infectivity of extracellular HSV-2 particles and was associated with virion structural damage, whereas docking analysis suggested a possible interaction with glycoprotein D (gD). In parallel, partial reversal by L-proline supported a host-cell component linked to inhibition of the prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS) domain of glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (EPRS).

HF also suppressed HSV-2-induced activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) axis and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway.

Beyond HSV-2, HF remained active against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5)-tropic HIV-1 and retained antiviral activity in an HSV-2/HIV-1 co-infection model.

Overall, the data support a two-component antiviral effect of HF, involving extracellular impairment of viral particles together with intracellular host-directed restriction, and warrant further evaluation of HF as a topical prevention-oriented candidate against HSV-2.

HSV-2 is the leading cause of genital herpes. Resistance to acyclovir is a growing concern.

Stapled peptide SPep7B, originally developed as a potential antiviral against HSV-1 for treating human herpes ocular keratitis, has the extended ability to target HSV-2 replication in vitro and block HSV-2 infection in three-dimensional (3D) human vaginal cells.

We also demonstrate that SPep7B exhibits low cytotoxicity, non-mutagenicity, remarkable metabolic stability in plasma, and the ability to penetrate epithelial tissue.

Together, these findings support the potential of SPep7B as a topical treatment for HSV-2 genital herpes.

We have no amazing Escherichia coli vaccine approved yet.

This new review of 42 studies was published yesterday.

Vaccine platforms included inactivated/killed whole-cell (14), subunit (12), live-attenuated (9) and conjugate vaccines (7).

Most vaccine candidates induced measurable immune responses. Among the 10 trials that reported efficacy outcomes:

• 2 presented high levels of protection,
• 6 were associated with reductions in disease severity,
• 2 demonstrated no protective effect.

Safety profiles were generally favorable.

Progress will require standardized efficacy trials, multivalent platforms, and optimized mucosal adjuvants to advance candidates toward licensure.

I use RSS to see new pubmed articles: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rss/search/1NSu_CQNBiznmYomLxzBmr_Pzr9OmM4TtgT-LidNr1mphMVgzV/?limit=15

West China Hospital will be doing new small Phase I study.

People with HIV + EBV + cancer will get mRNA EBV vaccine.

"The EBV mRNA vaccine in this study has shown potential anti-tumor efficacy in lymphoma."

We know that Gardasil 9 helps even to people that already have HPV ( https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42047045/ )

Now new trial wants to test Intranasal WSK-IM05 Vaccine and Tislelizumab as Neoadjuvant Therapy for HPV + OPSCC

You can also watch trials on this site with RSS, I am using https://clinicaltrials.gov/apirss?term=vaccine

Its best to take Gardasil 9 around 11, before you start your sexual life.

It creates sterilizing immunity for 9 strains of HPV, covering around 80% cases, with some hopes for cross-immunity for others.

It was believed that if you do Gardasil 9 in for example your forties, it will at least protect you against the strains you didnt catch yet.

Just today, new study was released. They gave Gardasil 9 to people who already had HPV:

"Following vaccination, HPV positivity for any genotype was significantly lower in the vaccinated group than in the control group (29.3% vs 56.4%, p < .001). Clearance of Gardasil-specific genotypes occurred in 83.5% of vaccinated women compared with 63.6% in the controls. Complete remission was higher in the vaccinated group (70.7% vs 43.6% in the control group). Persistence of identical HPV genotypes was markedly reduced after vaccination (8.5% vs 27.3%).

Conclusions: Nine-valent HPV vaccination significantly enhanced viral clearance and reduced persistence and recurrence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) among previously unvaccinated HPV-positive women. These findings support extending vaccination recommendations to adult HPV-positive patients as an adjunctive strategy to surgical and cytologic management."

For the future, these is also new 15-valent HPV vaccine being tested in Phase 2: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06756269

Used espresso grounds are:

• ground more finely
• extracted by higher temperature (96 Celsious)
• dehydratated more by pressure

So worms likes them more than french press grounds, cold brew grounds and others.

Same rules apply to other things than coffee grounds too:

small pieces subjected to heat or cold and slightly dehydrated are the best.